银河Ⅰ号杨叶外植体再生体系建立

以银河Ⅰ号杨(Populus alba × P.hopeiensis)无菌试管苗叶片为外植体,建立了叶片外植体快速繁殖的培养程序.实验结果表明,MS附加6-BA∶IAA(5∶1 )、每天14 h光照,可诱导离体叶片产生大量不定芽,且生根试管苗叶片的不定芽分化率明显高于无根试管苗.不定芽长至1 cm以上时切下后转至1/2 MS附加IBA 0.2 mg/L的培养基上 ,可生根而形成完整的再生植株.     

美洲黑杨(中嘉8号)离体叶片再生研究

用中嘉8号杨[Populus deltoids(I-63×I-69)]试管苗叶片作外植体,在添加不同生长素和细胞分裂素浓度配比的1/2(N)MS培养基上,筛选出叶片直接分化不定芽的最适培养基1/2(N)MS 0.2 mg/L BA 0.02 mg/LNAA 25 g/L蔗糖 7 g/L琼脂,不定芽分化率为85%。同时发现,一定浓度的KT对生根具有促进作用,最适生根培养基为MS 0.08 mg/L KT 0.02 mg/L NAA 25 g/L蔗糖 8 g/L琼脂,生根率为82.2%。     

黄花补血草愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

以黄花补血草(Limonium aureum(L.)Hill.)无菌苗为材料,研究了不同激素配比条件下不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生.结果表明,黄花补血草无菌苗叶片、叶柄和幼根均可作为离体培养的外植体,但叶片和叶柄的诱导率明显高于幼根.将外植体接种于分别添加0.5 mg/L NAA或1.0 mg/L 2,4-D或0.3-0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.5-2.0 mg/L NAA的MS培养基上,经过14-28 d培养后,可脱分化产生乳白色、红色或浅绿色颗粒状或致密愈伤组织,频率达到70%以上.在MS 0.3 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA培养基上,红色和绿色颗粒状愈伤组织经过1-2次继代后,均可分化产生不定芽,进而形成丛生芽,分化率达到100%.将高约3 cm的丛生芽切下,接种于分别添加0.5 mg/L IAA或0.5 mg/L IBA的1/2 MS培养基上可产生不定根,获得完整的再生植株.     

从麻疯树上胚轴外植体再生植株

以麻疯树上胚轴为实验材料在MS添加IBA和BA的培养基上进行离体培养实验.结果表明,在IBA O.1 mg/L与BA 0.2～0.7 mg/L组合的条件下,不定芽从上胚轴外植体的表面直接被诱导分化,其中以在MS IBA 0.1 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L上的诱导率最高.从愈伤组织来源的植株再生需要IBA 0.5 mg/L与BA 0.1 mg/L、IBA 0.5 mg/L与BA0.2mg/L以及IBA1.0mg/L与BA0.5mg/L的激素组合,其分化的最佳培养基是MS IBA1.0 mg/L BA0.5 mg/L.生长健壮的不定芽和再生植株能在无激素的MS基本培养基上生根.发育良好的再生苗可成功地转移到温室栽培而没有可见的变异.     

银河I号杨叶外植体再生体系建立

以银河 号杨 (Populus alba× P.hopeiensis)无菌试管苗叶片为外植体 ,建立了叶片外植体快速繁殖的培养程序。实验结果表明 ,MS附加 6 - BA∶ IAA(5∶ 1 )、每天 1 4h光照 ,可诱导离体叶片产生大量不定芽 ,且生根试管苗叶片的不定芽分化率明显高于无根试管苗。不定芽长至 1 cm以上时切下后转至 1 /2 MS附加 IBA 0 .2 mg/L的培养基上 ,可生根而形成完整的再生植株     

偃伏梾木组织培养及再生体系的建立(简报)

本文以偃伏株木(Cornus stolonifera)叶片为外植体,建立了其叶片再生体系.同时系统地研究了离体再生芽及丛生芽分化增殖的适宜培养基、不定根诱导的关键因子以及再生芽生根后植株移栽成活的影响因素.叶片外植体在添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA和1.0 mg/L IBA的1/2 MS培养基上再生频率达100%,平均每个外植体上再生芽数为5.0±0.7.不定芽在添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA和0.25 mg/LIBA的1/2 MS培养基上能有效增殖.再生芽在添加0.5 mg/L IBA的1/2 MS培养基上生根效果最佳.在叶片再生过程中选取典型组织进行扫描电镜观测,进一步证实了偃伏株木叶片直接体细胞胚发生过程.用携带有gus基因表达载体的农杆碱型EHA105农杆菌菌株浸染叶片外植体,能观察到其中gus基因的瞬时表达.     

不同光质对白芥(Sinapis alba)下胚轴愈伤组织形成和器官再生的影响(简报)(英文)

以连续白光下或黑暗中生长5天的白芥幼苗下胚轴切段为外植体(分别叫作L-外植体和D-外植体),在1mg/L NAA+2mg/L BA的MS培养基上诱导脱分化和芽的再分化。在白光、红光、蓝光和黑暗中培养,L-外植体都比D-外植体愈伤组织形成早,生长快;对于L-外植体形成愈伤组织的促进作用依次是:白光>红光>蓝光》黑暗;而对D-外植体蓝光比红光更有效。L-外植体比D-外植体芽再生的能力强得多,不同光质的作用为:白光>红光>蓝光>黑暗。     

紫色大花矮牵牛组织培养与植株再生

矮牵牛叶片外植体在MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基上培养3周后产生致密的浅绿色愈伤组织;转入芽分化培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+4-PU 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L 1周后,从愈伤组织表面不断分化产生幼芽;待幼芽长至3cm时转接至生根培养基1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+GA₃0.5mg/L中生根,长成完整植株。     

川芎高频再生体系的建立

为建立川芎(Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.)高频再生体系,优化了诱导和分化培养基及培养条件.以叶柄为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,KT2.0 mg/L+ IAA0.5mg/L的激素组合对不定芽分化最有利.在此基础上,针对外植体来源、培养条件和愈伤组织继代时间3个因素进行优化.结果表明:采用川芎无菌苗叶柄作为外植体,黑暗条件下诱导出愈伤组织,再在光照下继代培养15d后转入分化培养基中对不定芽诱导最为有利,分化率为44.4％.分化后得到的不定芽在含NAA0.5 mg/L和IBA 0.5 mg/L的1/2MS培养基上生根率达90％,移栽存活率为95％.     

ACC合成酶基因及其反义基因对西瓜的遗传转化

以2日龄西瓜(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Mansfeld)无菌苗子叶为外植体,通过与根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)进行叶盘共培养建立了西瓜的遗传转化系统。所用根癌农杆菌中含有改建后分别携带嵌合NPTⅡ基因和番茄的ACC合成酶基因及其反义基因的质粒。外植体在MSA培养基(MS盐类、B_5维生素、1.0mg/L BA、0.2mg/L IAA)上预培养3～4d后,与根癌农杆菌共培养4d,随后转移外植体至附加100mg/L卡那霉素、300mg/L头孢菌素的MSA培养基上筛选转化芽。将带芽外植体移入含有100mg/L卡那霉素、300mg/L头孢菌素的伸长培养基(MS 0.2mg/L KT)上进行芽伸长,切取2～3cm高的伸长芽移入生根培养基(1/2MS 0.1mg/L NAA)生根。Southern blot结果证明获得转基因植株,乙烯释放指标表明转入的正义和反义ACC合成酶基因得到不同程度的表达。     

采用俄罗斯橄榄叶片和茎段诱导产生不定芽的高效再生方法

俄罗斯橄榄(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)是一种具有很重要药用价值和生态意义的植物。以俄罗斯橄榄一年生幼苗的叶片和茎段为实验材料,探讨了细胞分裂素类(6-BA和Zt)和生长素类(NAA和IBA)两类激素不同组合以及不同配比对植株再生的影响,最后建立了一个高效的俄罗斯橄榄再生方法。结果表明,MS 培养基+ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L NAA更适合叶片的再生,平均每个外植体能产生多达4.3个不定芽;而在MS培养基 + 1.0 mg/L Zt +0.5 mg/L NAA的条件下,茎段外植体再生出来的不定芽最多可以达到平均3.6个;再生芽在含有0.5 mg/L NAA的1/2 MS培养基上生根率达到100%。体外再生苗移栽到装有灭菌混合土(土∶泥炭∶沙子=1∶1∶1)的花盆中锻炼驯化,最后有77%的再生植株存活下来。此结果不仅对俄罗斯橄榄种质资源保护有重要的促进作用,另外也为其将来的遗传转化奠定了基础。     

In vitro adventitious shoot formation from leaf cultures of Clerodendrum inerme (L) Gaertn.

In vitro adventitious shoots (about 28) of Clerodendrum inerme were regenerated from leaf segments on MS medium containing BA (4 mg/L). These shoots developed directly from the leaf explants without callusing after 5 weeks. Leaf explant when cultured in MS medium containing BA (2 mg/L) and NAA (0.5 mg/L) developed compact callus that became nodular and regenerated shoots (about 50) after 5 weeks. The in vitro developed shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with IAA (2 mg/L). The hardened plantlets were successfully established in the field with 90% survival.     

马铃薯离体再生及人工种子研究

马铃薯３个品种虎头,克４和Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ的茎叶外植体在ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋１ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ培养基上形成愈伤组织。在ＭＳ＋０２ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋１ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ培养基上,愈伤组织分化产生不定芽。在ＭＳ＋００５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ培养基上,不定芽生根形成再生完整植株。０２～０３ｃｍ大小的不定芽反复继代可持续增殖。有３个以上叶片的不定芽在ＭＳ＋５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋００５ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ培养基上和黑暗条件下,在侧芽或顶芽部位形成微型薯。用４％海藻酸钠和２％氯化钙溶液包裹０２～０３ｃｍ大小的不定芽或直径为０２～０３ｃｍ的微型薯制成微芽人工种子和微薯人工种子。在４℃下贮存２个月后,微芽人工种子和微薯人工种子在有菌腐殖土壤中播种２１ｄ的萌发率分别是１５７％和９６２％。     

Optimisation of plantlet regeneration from leaf and nodal derived callus of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vanilla planifolia</Emphasis> Andrews

An indirect in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Vanilla planifolia has been established. Juvenile leaf and nodal segments from V. planifolia were used as explants to initiate callus. Nodal explants showed better callus initiation than juvenile leaf explants, with 35.0% of explants forming callus when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA). Almost 10.0% of juvenile leaf explants were induced to form callus on the MS basal medium containing 2.0 mg/l NAA and 2.0 mg/l BA, whereas no callus formed in the presence of any concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and BA. After 8 weeks, callus generated was transferred to MS basal medium containing 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA. A mean number of 4.2 shoots per callus was produced on this medium, with a mean length of 3.8 cm after 8 weeks of culture. Roots formed on 88.3% of plantlets when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA, with a mean length of 4.4 cm after 4 weeks of culture. Of the rooted plantlets, 90.0% survived acclimatisation and were making new growth after 4 weeks.     

Plant regeneration from axillary buds of a mature tree of Ficus religiosa

Dormant axillary buds of nodal explants collected from a mature (35-year-old) tree of Ficus religiosa L. sprouted on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA, 5 mg l^–1) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 0.2 mg l^–1 ) within 4 days. Multiple shoots were obtained when these explants were transferred to MS medium containing 1.5 mg l^–1 BA and 1.5 mg l^–1 adenine sulphate (ADS). These multiple shoots (1 cm) were allowed to elongate to a height of 4–5 cm by maintaining them on MS medium containing 2 mg l^–1 BA, 0.5 mg l^–1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and activated charcoal (0.3% w/v). Nodal segments taken from these in vitro-proliferated shoots yielded multiple shoots when cultured on the multiple shoot-inducing MS medium mentioned above. Root induction in these shoots (4–5 cm in height) was achieved by transferring them onto MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l^–1 IBA and 0.1 mg l^–1 NAA for 1 week; upon transfer to half-strength MS basal medium these shoots exhibited root proliferation. These rooted plantlets were successfully established in soil after a short period of acclimatization. Received: 17 April 1997 / Revision received: 2 September 1997 / Accepted: 20 September 1997     

大叶种胡椒实生苗茎尖培养和合子胚培养研究

利用各种表面消毒方法对采自海南岛三个地区的胡椒大田植株的外植体进行消毒试验,由于内源性污染,除胡椒成熟种子外,其它各种大田外植体的表面消毒均未能成功。以胡椒成熟种子无菌萌发的实生苗茎尖作外植体,在1/2MS(MS或B5)+1.5mg/LBA+0～0.2mg/LIAA(或NAA)上可实现丛生芽增殖。茎尖水平或竖直接种方法显著影响茎尖的增殖;水平接种茎尖的生长和增殖效果优于竖直茎尖接种方式。茎尖增殖率随BA浓度的增加而提高,但BA浓度大于2.0mg/L时会使苗芽的质量降低,愈伤组织产生严重,苗芽细小,抽出不明显,颜色发黄甚至变白。附加或不附加100mg/LAdSO4对丛生芽增殖没有明显影响。生根培养基以1/2MS+1.0mg/LIBA+0.5～1.0mg/LIAA为最优,生根率可达100%;在细沙∶土∶椰糠(1∶1∶1)的基质中常规炼苗,成活率可达98%以上。液体纸桥法对胡椒种胚进行培养,在不附加任何生长调节物质的培养基(MS、B5或SH)上只产生单苗,而在附加不同种类和不同浓度的生长调节物质的培养基上则诱导形成愈伤组织,但未能实现分化;以胡椒无菌萌发的实生苗胚轴和叶片切段作外植体进行培养,较易诱导产生愈伤组织,但难以实现分化。     

In vitro plant regeneration from leaf explants of Ophiorrhiza japonica

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from leaves of Ophiorrhiza japonica Blume was established for the first time. Callus formation rate was more than 90.4 % from leaf segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with either α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone or in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA). The highest shoot regeneration (78.9 %) was achieved on MS medium containing 2.0 mg dm⁻³ BA and 0.2 mg dm⁻³ NAA, with an average of 9.4 shoots developed per leaf segment. Shoot regeneration was also improved when the leaf explants were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 % (m/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The leaf explants from seedlings with age of about 18–27 d showed the highest shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength basal MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm⁻³ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), which averagely produced 24.8 roots per shoot. The plantlets were transferred to soil, where 100 % survived after 1 month of acclimatization.     

李砧木Marianna离体叶片再生体系优化研究

以李砧木‘Marianna’试管苗新梢顶端第1片叶为外植体,研究激素组合、基本培养基种类及外植体类型等对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明:1/2 MS基本培养基和WPM培养基再生率显著高于MS和SH培养基;叶片附带叶柄的外植体再生率和再生不定芽数显著高于叶柄和切除叶柄的叶片外植体;最佳再生培养基为1/2MS+2.0mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.25%琼脂+3.0%蔗糖,最高再生率和再生不定芽数分别为81.7%和7.46±1.38个;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5~1.0 mg/L IBA,能获得96.7%生根率、较高的生根数和根长。     

根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因素研究

研究了根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因子。结果表明,以蓝色花类型蓝猪耳5~6周的叶片为外植体,在OD₆₀₀为0.5~0.6的活化菌液中浸染5~10min,暗培养4d后,在愈伤组织诱导培养基(MS+BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L)上生长14d,获得抗性愈伤组织;经芽诱导培养基(1/2MS+BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)培养28d得到抗性芽;生根培养基(1/2MS)上培养14d得到抗性植株。经PCR检测证实外源基因已整合到蓝猪耳基因组中,转化率达13%~14%。Cef和Hyg浓度对转化影响较大,转化的不同阶段其适宜浓度不同。