大果良种沙棘愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

大果良种沙棘的幼嫩茎尖,茎段外植体接种在MS,1／2MS附加不同浓度配比的IAA,IBA,BA,NAA培养基上可诱导茎尖及腋芽生长,将诱导产生的无性系芽接种在MS或1／2MS附加BA0．3－0．5mg/L,NAA0．05mg/L的培养基上可形成丛生芽,同时在小叶片和嫩茎上诱导产生愈伤组织,继续培养愈伤组织表面形成大量的绿色突起,进一步分化成不定芽,在相同培养基上,不定芽上可直接产生不定芽,从而形成多达数百个的不定芽族,不定芽长至3cm时切下转至1／2MS附加IAA或IBA 0．2mg/L的培养基上可生根而形成完整 的再生植株。     

毛叶丁香罗勒的快速繁殖

植物名称:毛叶丁香罗勒(Ocimum gratissimum var. suave).材料类别:种子、无菌种子苗的叶片和茎段。培养条件:种子经50ppmGA_3处理24小时,用常规方法消毒后接种在MS琼脂培养基上,或附加BA0.5 mg/L(单位下同)。叶片和茎段接种于MS+BA0.5～2或BA2+IAA0.2的培养基上进行丛生芽的诱导和增殖。生根培养基用1/2MS+NAA0.5。培养温度21±1℃,每日光照10小时,光照度     

如意皇后粗肋草的离体培养

本研究以粗肋草‘Red Valentine’带侧芽的根茎为外植体,研究不同消毒时间、不同种类外源激素对其根茎侧芽萌发诱导、愈伤组织诱导、丛生芽诱导、丛生芽增殖和生根的影响。结果表明:最佳灭菌时间为18 min,污染率为20.0%。MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L为最佳侧芽萌发诱导培养基,MS+TDZ 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L为最优愈伤诱导培养基,1/2MS+TDZ 0.5 mg/L为最佳丛生芽诱导培养基,最佳丛生芽增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L或MS+KT 4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L。本研究通过对粗肋草‘Red Valentine’进行离体培养,初步得出了适合外植体各时期生长的最佳培养基配方,为粗肋草试管苗的商业化、工厂化及规模化生产提供理论和技术指导。     

叶子花的组织培养与微繁技术研究

叶子花茎尖、茎段接种在MS附加不同浓度组合的6-BA、IAA、IBA、NAA培养基上可诱导茎尖及腋芽的生长而获得无性系芽,无性系芽茎尖和茎段在MS附加6-BA0．5mg／L,NAA0．05mg／L进行继代培养,一般不形成丛生芽,以茎尖生长和腋芽萌生增殖,增殖系数为2．73;高度大于3cm的增殖芽在1／2 MS附加IAA lmg／L、IBA lmg／L、NAA0．2mg／L培养基上生根率为80．5％,生根苗用“二步法”移栽成活率在97％以上。无性系芽的幼叶、茎段在MS附加6-BA和NAA、2,4-D培养基上能高频产生愈伤组织,但愈伤组织在所试验的所有培养基上均无不定芽或胚状体的分化。     

栀子带芽茎段愈伤组织诱导分化及丛生芽增殖和生根研究

以栀子带芽茎段为试材,对其愈伤组织诱导分化及丛生芽增殖与生根进行初步研究。结果表明,栀子带芽茎段愈伤组织快速诱导和分化最佳培养基是MS+KT 1 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L;栀子带芽茎段丛生芽增殖和生根最佳培养基是MS+KT 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L。     

三色绿萝的组织培养和植株再生

植物名称:三色绿萝(Epipremnum aureum cv.Tricolor)。材料类别:茎尖、幼嫩的茎段。剪取三色绿萝的顶芽约1cm长,用70％酒精和0.1％升汞表面消毒后,在无菌操作下剥离茎尖约1～2 mm,同时横切茎段1～2mm作为外植体。培养条件:诱导不定芽的培养基:MS+BA 1～2 mg/L(单位下同)+NAA 0.2;诱导愈伤组织培养基:MS+NAA2+BA 0.5;诱导芽分化培养基:MS+BA2+GA_30.1+IAA 0.05;生根培养基:1/2 MS+IBA 1。培养基均为蔗糖3％(生根培养基     

芦笋丛生芽增殖培养技术

本试验以芦笋新品种"津宁"为材料,探讨植物生长调节剂对不同外植体产生丛生芽的效应。试验结果表明,NAA、6-BA和KT三者配合使用有利于丛生芽的增殖:以茎尖为增殖外植体时,培养基用MS+NAA0.1 mg/L+6-BA0.2~0.3 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L,30 d时平均每瓶可以产生20.5个丛生芽;以茎中段为外植体时,培养基用MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 0.3~0.4 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L,30 d时平均每瓶可产生33.5个丛生芽;以茎基为外植体时,培养基用MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 0.3~0.5 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L,30 d时平均每瓶可以产生43.1个丛生芽。进行试管苗工厂化生产时,增殖外植体以茎基为最佳。     

转抗虫基因欧美黑杨离体快繁技术研究

以抗虫欧美黑杨的叶,带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体快繁技术研究。最佳接种时间为8月份,新芽生长迅速。基本培养基为MS,较适初培养基为MS＋6－BA0.5mg/L（以下单位同）＋NAA0.01mg/,附加30g/L,蔗糖,7g/L琼脂。愈伤组织诱导并同时分化出新芽培养基为MS＋6－BA1.5 NAA0.3,附加40g/L蔗糖,6g/L琼脂。继代增殖培养基为MS 6-BA1.0 NAA0.1 GA2.0,附加30g/L蔗糖,5g/L琼脂。生根培养基为MS＋IBA2．0。     

巴西铁树茎段培养与试管繁殖

植物名称:巴西铁树,又叫山德氏龙血树(Dracaena sanderiena)。材料类别:多年生植株基部二年生的侧枝茎段。培养条件:用改良的MS配方为基本培养基。诱导愈伤组织时为 MS+2,4-D1-3mg/l(单位下同)+BA0.5—1.0;分化培养基为MS+BA2—4+NAA0.01—0.2;丛生芽的增殖为MS+BA1—2+NAA0—0.1;生根培养基为0.5MS+NAA0.1—     

香蕉小茎尖培养和快速繁殖

本文报道14个香蕉品种或品系进行小茎尖离体培养繁殖无病苗。小茎尖培养在改良MS培养基中,附加BA2.0—5.0mg/l,试验结果显示,BA明显促进芽的形成和增殖,随着BA浓度的增高,形成的芽苗数也随着增多。各品种均能诱导丛生芽,但品种间的繁殖率有很大差异。低浓度的Kt或BA有利于诱导生根。培养的试管苗经检验为无病苗。     

特大‘新红宝’西瓜的快速繁殖研究

利用新红宝西瓜种子、茎段、茎尖及腋芽为外植体,接种子改良的ＭＳ培养基上。种子经常规消毒灭菌后,７—１５ｄ后可获得９５％以上的健壮无菌苗．苗高３ｃｍ─５ｃｍ时即可用于有关实验。接种６ｄ后,茎段两端切口处膨大,２８—３５ｄ后出现愈伤组织,出愈率达到６８％。接种５ｄ后,茎尖明显长大。在本实验的激素组合中．３５ｄ后,茎尖周围均出现了不同数量的腋芽。最好的组合为改良的ＭＳ＋２．５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋ＩＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ,可使一个茎尖在３５—４２ｄ后扩增为１８─２１个芽并逐渐长成无根苗。４７ｄ后,转入改良ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基中．生根率达到９４％以上。２８ｄ后,将苗移到田间,第一批移苗５００株,成活４３８株,成活率达到８７．６％。     

Regeneration of grape (Vitis labruscana cv. Kyoho) by shoot-tip culture

We investigated the optimal levels of growth regulators, culture media, and pH on callus growth and organogenesis of in-vitro cultured ‘Kyoho’ grapes. Calli were induced by culturing leaf blades on an MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/IL BA and 0.01 mg/L 2,4-D. In addition, calli originating from the exocarp and mesocarp of grape fruits devel-oped on MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IAA, NAA, or 2,4-D, or with 0.2 mg/L BA. In testing the potential for plant regeneration from shoot tips on various media, we found that the Nitsch medium, with I mg/L BA, was optimal for caulogenesis. The type of shoot development depended on the pH of the medium, with vigorous multiple-shoot devel-opment occurring at pH 6.0, and single shoots forming at pH 5.0. Finally, we were able to obtain rooted seedlings from the regenerated shoots that had been cultured on 1/4-strength Nitsch medium supplemented with 0.03 mg/L NAA.     

In vitro culture of Safflower L. cv. Bhima: initiation,growth optimization and organogenesis

Callus induction and in vitro plantlet regeneration systems for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Bhima using root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were optimized by studying the influence on organogenesis of seedling age, media factors, growth regulators and excision orientation. Supplementation of the medium with an auxin: cytokinin ratio < 1 enhanced the growth rate of callus cultures; however, for 2,4-D the ratio was > 1.34–11.41 μM concentrations of growth regulators (IAA, NAA, BA and Kinetin) in the medium were found effective for callus induction and regeneration in all explants. The calli could be maintained over 32 months. BA (4.43 μM) combined with casein hydrolysate (10 mg l-1) yielded the highest rate of shoot production on hypocotyl (3–6) and cotyledon (5–7) explants and cotyledonary derived callus (4–8). More shoots were produced on explants cut from the most basal region of cotyledons from 5 to 7-day-old seedlings than from older seedlings or more distal cut sites. Apolar placement of explants, inhibited shoot regeneration. The shoot regeneration potential remained upto 7 months in calli developed on NAA + BA. Of three media tested, MS was superior to SH-M and B5. Rooting of shoots was not efficient; 42% of the shoots were rooted on MS medium containing sucrose (7–8%) + IAA (2.8–5.7 μM). Capitula induction was observed in both callus mediated shoots on cotyledons and shoots on rooting medium with sucrose, IAA, NAA and IBA. Well developed plantlets were transferred to the field with a 34% success rate. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

香蕉组织培养过程中内生菌污染的控制

研究了体外培养一种孟加拉传统香蕉(Musa spp.Cv. Kanthali)的茎尖组织。茎尖的原始细胞表面经无菌处理(0.1%HgCl2处理12min) ,接种6~15d后外植体地下茎部分仍有微生物污染(大部分是细菌) ,杀死了85%的外植体。为确定无污染培养基,将等量外植体分别浸泡在含400mg/L氨苄青霉素和200mg/L庆大霉素(两种光谱抗生素)的培养基中1h。结果表明,经抗生素处理的外植体完全没有污染,但培养3周后不能再生。进行二次继代培养后,其中一部分外植体吸收了培养基并胀大,颜色由苍白转变成浅绿或深绿。三次继代培养后数天,不再观察到外植体的生长,所有经抗生素处理过的外植体都开始死亡。在未经抗生素处理的活外植体中,单个茎发育的最佳培养基是:MS 4.0mg/L BA 0.5mg/L KT 15% CW,平均生长时间为18~21d,但再生率很低,只有30%。茎细胞增殖的最佳培养基是:MS 4.0mg/L BA 2.0mg/LIAA 15% CW,每个茎平均只萌发3~4个芽。最后,在添加0.5mg/LIBA的一半浓度的MS培养基中,体外培养茎最大生根率达到90%。     

Micropropagation of Coleus blumei from nodal segments and shoot tips

A rapid and highly-effective method for micropropagation from nodal segment and shoot tip explants was established for Coleus blumei Benth. Nodal segments and shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium containing 0.7 % agar, 3 % commercial sugar, and different combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Hundred percent shoot induction from both explants was achieved on the medium containing BA (2 mg dm⁻³) and NAA (1 mg dm⁻³). Shoot tips were proved to be the better explant in comparison to nodal segments in having high rate of shoot induction and more number of shoots. The same media conditions were found suitable for shoot multiplication. Multiplied shoots rooted best on MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mg dm⁻³). Micropropagated plants were successfully established in soil after hardening, with 100 % survival rate.     

海甘蓝愈伤组织再生植株的研究

海甘蓝种子在附加有２～５ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋０１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的ＭＳ培养基上,幼苗生长健壮。幼苗的下胚轴和子叶柄在ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ＋０５ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ的培养基上可以获得较好的愈伤组织。将来源于下胚轴的愈伤组织培养于含有０５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ,２ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上分化出的丛生芽状态最好。最佳生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋０５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ。     

藏药纤毛婆婆纳的愈伤组织诱导和快速繁殖研究

以纤毛婆婆纳（Veronica ciliateFisch.）无菌苗的顶芽作为外植体,在不同激素和浓度组合的MS培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导和快速繁殖的研究。结果表明,愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为：MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA1.0 mg/L,诱导率达到95%;顶芽在MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L增殖培养基中增殖效果最佳,增殖系数高达5.4;丛生芽在1/2 MS＋IBA 0.05 mg/L生根培养基生根效果最好,不仅根的质量好,而且生根率也达到95%;此再生苗的移栽成活率也最高,在适宜条件下可达40%。     

In vitro induction of multiple shoots and plant regeneration from shoot tips of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Conditions for plant regeneration from excised shoot tips of Vigna radiata were studied. Complete plants were regenerated directly without an intervening callus phase from shoot tips on basal medium (MS salts+B₅vitamins). Regeneration frequency varied with genotype, explant size and growth regulator combinations in the medium. Addition of cytokinins induced a variable amount of callus at the base of the shoot tip, followed by multiple shoot formation. Benzyladenine (BA), kinetin and zeatin at 5×10^-6 M each induced multiple shoots in 100% of the explants but the highest number of regenerants per explant (9) was produced with BA. The efficacy of BA for shoot multiplication was not improved when it was supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indoleacetic acid (IAA). NAA or adenine sulphate, when applied alone, induced complete plantlets. The growth regulator requirement of explants for the induction of multiple shoots varied with explant size. The shoot tip explants maintained proliferation ability on subculture. None of the treatments was effective in inducing shoot bud differentiation from callus. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium and MS supplemented with either IAA or indolebutyric acid. The rooted plants were transferred to the field; 60% subsequently survived and grew.Abbreviations BM basal medium [MS (Murashige & Skoog 1962) salts+B₅ (Gamborg et al. 1968) vitamins] - BA 6-benzyladenine - AdS adenine sulphate - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - NAA-1 naphthaleneacetic acid - IBA indolebutyric acid     

太子参超低温脱毒及规模化组培育苗技术

以太子参茎尖为外植体,采用超低温去除病毒方法,通过组织培养研究了芽增殖诱导、丛生芽诱导、生根壮苗诱导的适合条件,以期形成太子参规模化育苗技术。结果表明：超低温处理1 h后,太子参脱毒率可达90%以上;规模化组培育苗最适宜配方为初代培养基为改良MS＋2.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L IAA继代增殖培养基为改良MS＋1.2 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L NAA,壮苗生根培养基为改良MS＋0.2 mg/L KT＋1.5 mg/L DA-6＋10%蛋白粉。