木霉GXC产β-葡聚糖酶条件和酶学性质

研究了木霉GXC产 β 葡聚糖酶的条件。结果表明 ,最适产酶碳源为麸皮 ,氮源为硫酸铵 ;产酶的最适条件为 :初始pH为 4 0～ 5 0 ,30℃培养 44h。粗酶液经硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG 2 5、SephadexG 1 0 0和DEAE SephadexA 50柱层析得到纯β 葡聚糖酶 ,SDS PAGE凝胶电泳显示一条带 ,测得分子量为 35kD。该酶最适反应pH5 0 ,最适反应温度为 60℃ ,在 40℃以下、pH4 0～ 5 0酶活力相对稳定。 5 0mmol L以下的Ca²⁺、Zn²⁺和Fe²⁺,以及 1 0 0mmol L以下的Co²⁺对酶活力有激活作用 ;而Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺具有抑制作用。     

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus A236热稳足葡萄糖淀粉酶的纯化及其特性

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus A2a6在液体培养基中50℃下静止培养14天,粗提酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Toyopearl离子交换层析、Butyl-Toyopearl疏水层析、Sephacryl S100凝胶过滤和FPLC Mono Q离子交换层析,得到了凝胶电泳均质的葡萄糖淀粉酶。酶促反应产物经TLC分析为葡萄糖,证明纯化的酶为葡萄糖淀粉酶(EC 3．2．1.3)。SDS-PAGE测定其分子量为72,000,不具亚基,pI为4．0,富含val和Leu。酶反应最适温度和pH分别为70℃和5．0。在pH5．0条件下,酶在60℃保温lh,仍具有原酶活性。酶活性在70℃和80℃的半衰期分别为20min和6min, Ca²⁺对酶有激活作用,Fe³⁺、Al³⁺、Hg²⁺等金属离子对酶活力有一定的抑制作用。纯酶碳水化合物含量为12．4％。纯酶可水解可溶性淀粉,直链淀粉、支链淀粉．糊精、糖原、麦芽三糖和麦芽糖,其中可溶性淀粉为最适底物。     

豆乳凝固酶产生菌UV-10发酵条件及其酶学性质的研究

豆乳凝固酶产生菌Bacillussp .UV 1 0的最适产酶条件 :初始pH6 4,温度 2 6℃ ,培养时间 1 9h ,需要较大的通气量。酶的最适作用pH和温度分别为 5 8和 70℃。在最适条件下酶活力可达 1 84u/mL。pH6 0～ 7 0稳定性较好。 6 0℃下 1h残余酶活 6 0 %。Ca²⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg²⁺,Na⁺对其有较强的激活作用 ,而Zn²⁺,Al相似文献   

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的性质

利用硫酸铵分级沉淀、离子交换层析 (DEAE- 2 2 )、Sephadex G- 75凝胶过滤从嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌胞内提纯得到 β-半乳糖苷酶。研究表明 ,该酶最适表观反应温度和最适 pH分别为 6 0℃和 6 .4。在 50℃该酶具有良好的热稳定性。碱金属和碱土金属盐对酶有激活作用 ,重金属 Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺抑制酶的活力。巯基保护剂能明显增强酶的活力 ,而巯基结合试剂强烈抑制酶的活性。该酶对 β-     

乳酸克鲁维酵母β－半乳糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质研究

乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)经高压破壁后的粗提液,其β-半乳糖苷酶(E．C．3．2．1．23)比活力为5．56u／mg。经硫酸铵沉淀,丙酮沉淀,PAPMA—Sepharose 4B柱层析后,乳糖酶比活力达370u／mg,纯化了66．2倍,SDS—PAGE鉴定为一条带,分子量85000Da。酶作用的最适pH在6．4—6．8之间,最适温度40℃,50℃保温15min酶活丧失90％。以邻硝基苯一β一半乳糖苷(ONPG)为底物的米氏常数为2．78mmoI／L。酶的正常水解产物半乳糖对酶活力有一定的抑制作用,核糖强烈抑制酶活力,Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ag⁺、PCMB和NBS都能使酶活丧失。Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺和还原剂巯基乙醇的存在能提高酶活力。     

氧化铝为载体的固定化葡萄糖异构酶某些性质的研究

本文报道了以廉价的大孔氧化铝作为葡萄糖异构酶的固定化载体。该固定化酶的热稳定性是60—70℃,如高于70℃就开始失活。最适Ph和温度分别为7．2—8．0和70℃。Gu²⁺、Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺和Ba²⁺等金属离子对它的酶活有抑制作用,Co²⁺和Mg²⁺金属离子却有明显的激活作用。该固定化酶酶活是6000—7000μ／g。通过柱运转,它的半衰期为40天以上,转化率是葡萄糖异构为果糖理论值的80一85％。     

金属螯合载体定向固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以磁性金属螯合琼脂糖微球为载体,利用金属螯合配体（IDACu²⁺）与蛋白质表面供电子氨基酸相互作用的原理,定向固定了木瓜蛋白酶。固定化最适条件为Cu²⁺1.5×10^-2mol/g载体、固定化时间4h、固定化pH7.0、给酶量30mg/g载体。固定化酶的最适反应温度70℃、最适反应pH8.0,固定化酶的热稳定性明显高于溶液酶,固定化酶活力回收为68.4％,且有较好的操作稳定性,载体重复使用5次后固定化酶酶活为首次固定化酶79.71%。     

Arthrobacter K1108乙内酰脲酶反应条件和立体选择性研究

研究了ArthrobacterK110 8乙内酰脲酶的反应条件 ,结果表明 ,K1108乙内酰脲酶的最适反应温度为 55℃ ,最适pH为 70 ,Co²⁺ 和Fe²⁺ 对该酶有激活作用 ,而Ca²⁺ 有严重抑制作用。K1108乙内酰脲酶的底物专一性较强 ,其最适底物为 5 苄基乙内酰脲 ,5 苯基乙内酰脲和 5 吲哚甲基乙内酰脲均不能作为其有效底物。对K1108乙内酰脲酶立体反应机制研究结果表明 ,其乙内酰脲水解酶不具立体选择性 ,决定产物立体构型的酶是N 氨甲酰氨基酸水解酶。     

芽孢杆菌O74碱性纤维素酶的纯化和性质研究

对芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)O74菌株产生的纤维素酶经过Sephadex G-100,DEAE-Sephadex A-25和疏水相互作用Agarose 4B三种层析方法,分离纯化到一个仅具有内切β-葡聚糖酶(CMC酶)活性的纯组分.提纯后酶的比活力提高了27.9倍,总回收率为40%.分子量和等电位点分别为52 500和4.1.酶在pH4-12范围内均具有较高活性.其最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH为7.0,属于反应pH范围较广泛的耐碱性纤维素酶.除Hg⁺,Ag⁺,Zn²⁺和Cu²⁺等少数离子及少数表面活性剂、助剂对酶活性有一定影响外,酶活性相当稳定,符合洗涤剂用酶的条件.     

嗜热链霉菌过氧化氢酶的纯化及性质研究

嗜热链霉菌(Thermostreptostreptomyces sp.)T485的除去菌体的培养液,经硫酸铵盐析,Sepha- dex G—100、DEAE—Sephadex A-50及羟基磷灰石等柱层析,得到了凝胶电泳均-的过氧化氧酶,纯化了954倍,得率为7％。用浓度梯度PAGE测定分子量为152000,SDS—PAGE测定亚基分子量为57000,凝胶薄层等电点聚焦测定等电点为4．25。过氧化氢酶的反应最适温度为60℃,最适pH为7．0;对H2O2的K为50 mmol·L-1,Vmas值为6．0 mmol·min-1·mg-1。Nall3和Hg2+对酶活力有强烈抑制作用．Ca2+对酶活力有激活作用。测定了波长200—500nm的吸收光谱,在405nm处有明显的吸收峰。根据受NaN3,抑制和吸收光谱性质,推测它为含血红素酶。此外还测定了过氧化氢酶的氨基酸组成。     

A novel chitinase having a unique mode of action from Aspergillus fumigatus YJ-407.

Chitinases are produced throughout the growth process of fungi and are thought to play important roles in morphogenesis. Aspergillus fumigatus, is an important pathogen of immunocompromised individuals in which it causes pneumonia and invasive disseminated disease with high mortality; it is also known to produce chitinase. We have induced an exceptionally stable extracellular chitinase in A. fumigatus YJ-407, which could be isolated readily in a homogeneous form by using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and preparative PAGE. The molecular mass of this chitinase was estimated to be 46 000 by SDS/PAGE, and its isoelectric point was pH 5.6. The enzyme was most active at pH 5.0 and 60 degrees C, and was inhibited strongly by Hg2+, Pb2+, Ag+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+. The enzyme was stable over a broad pH range 4-8 and below 45 degrees C. Tryptophan and carboxyl groups were found to be essential for the enzyme activity. The Michaelis constants for swollen chitin and chitosan were 1.12 mg.mL-1 and 1.84 mg.mL-1, respectively. The enzyme showed maximum activity towards glycol chitin and partially deacetylated chitosan, and lower activity towards colloidal chitin. Analysis of the hydrolysis product showed that the enzyme has both endo- and exo-hydrolytic activities. In addition, a transglycosyl activity was also observed.     

The renaturation of procarboxypeptidase B by urea gradient gel filtration and some properties of recombinant carboxypeptidase B

A new pro-carboxypeptidase (pCPB) gene was cloned by RT-PCR from SD rat pancreas and its overexpression in Escherichia coli resulted in the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). The IBs of pCPB were solubilized in 8 M urea and successively refolded by urea gradient gel filtration. Subsequently, the renatured pCPB was digested by trypsin. Recombinant active CPB was obtained by passing through DEAE-FF ion exchange and Sephadex-G100 chromatographic column. Capillary electrophoresis assay showed that the purity of the recombinant CPB (rCPB) exceeded 90%. Further, some properties of rCPB were characterized. The optimum of activity was achieved at pH 7-9. The activity of rCPB was inhibited by typical metal chelating agents (EDTA) and Hg2+, and was activated by Co2+ and heat treatment at 40 degrees C. The two-dimension electrophoresis map of rCPB showed that the pI value of rCPB was 5.35. UV absorbance spectrum of the enzyme showed that an absorbance maximum was at 277 nm.     

Fluorescence emission spectra of photosystem I, photosystem II and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex of higher plants

Fluorescence emission spectra excited at 514 and 633 nm were measured at -196 degrees C on dark-grown bean leaves which had been partially greened by a repetitive series of brief xenon flashes. Excitation at 514 nm resulted in a greater relative enrichment of the 730 nm emission band of Photosystem I than was obtained with 633 nm excitation. The difference spectrum between the 514 nm excited fluorescence and the 633 nm excited fluorescence was taken to be representative of a pure Photosystem I emission spectrum at -196 degrees C. It was estimated from an extrapolation of low temperature emission spectra taken from a series of flashed leaves of different chlorophyll content that the emission from Photosystem II at 730 nm was 12% of the peak emission at 694 nm. Using this estimate, the pure Photosystem I emission spectrum was subtracted from the measured emission spectrum of a flashed leaf to give an emission spectrum representative of pure Photosystem II fluorescence at -196 degrees C. Emission spectra were also measured on flashed leaves which had been illuminated for several hours in continuous light. Appreciable amounts of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein, which has a low temperature fluorescence emission maximum at 682 nm, accumulate during greening in continuous light. The emission spectra of Photosystem I and Photosystem II were subtracted from the measured emission spectrum of such a leaf to obtain the emission spectrum of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein at -196 degrees C.     

灰色链霉菌RX-17溶菌酶R1的纯化及性质研究

通过硫酸铵分级沉淀,CM-Sephadex C50、CM-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析及Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析,从灰色链霉菌（Streptomyces griseus）RX17的发酵上清液中得到了电泳纯的溶菌酶R1,回收率6.89%。测得该酶分子量和等电点分别为16.8kD和9.10,作用于变链球菌（Streptococcus mutans）Ingbritt的最适温度和pH分别为70℃和6.6。R1酶在50℃以下及pH6～9的范围内保持稳定,60℃保温1h,残存酶活20.3％。Mg2+对酶有激活作用,而Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Cd2+、Pb2+则使酶完全丧失活性,螯合剂、盐酸羟胺、碘乙酸抑制酶活,β-巯基乙醇及表面活性剂则对溶菌有部分促进作用。R1酶溶菌谱广泛,对多种卵清溶菌酶不能作用的G+、G细菌均有溶解能力,对变链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)等则呈现高活性。     

溜曲霉—β—N—乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的纯化与性质

A beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from mycelium-free culture filtrate of Asp tamarii S215 was purified to PAGE homogenous by ammonium sulfate and polyethylene glycol fractionation precipitation followed by Sephadex G-50 desalt, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 rechromatography with 170-fold purification and 24.7% recovery. The ratio of the beta-GlcNAcase and beta-GalNAcase was 2.5 and remained constant throughout the purification. The Mr estimated with concentration gradient PAGE was 140,000 and subunit Mr determined with SDS-PAGE was 72,000, the number of subunit were 2. The pI was 4.2 determined by PAGIEF. The optimum pH was 5.5-6.5 and 5.0-6.0 for beta-GlcNAcase and beta-GalNAcase respectively with stable pH range 5.5-8.3 for both. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees C for beta-GlcNAcase and beta-GalNAcase. The residual activity of beta-GlcNAcase was 52.7% after treated at 50 degrees C for 8 h and it was 44.9% for beta-GalNAcase. The residual activities of both were down to 1% after treated at 62 degrees C for 10 min. The activity was slightly activated by Mn2+ or Fe2+, while strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and slightly by Ag+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ or Zn2+. Analyses of amino acids composition showed that the beta-HexNAcase contained about 24.2% acidic amino acids and 14.9% basic amino acids and only 0.6% methionine.     

Studies on the toxin of Aspergillus fumigatus. VII. Purification and some properities of hemolytic toxin (asp-hemolysin) from culture filtrates and mycelia.

A hemolytic toxin has been obtained from mycelia and culture filtrates of Aspergillus fumigatus by the procedures that included precipitation with ammonium sulfate, chromatography of DEAE-Sephadex, affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose and gell filtration on Sephadex G-50, G-100 AND G-150. The purified homolytic toxin was homogeneous on immunological and disk electrophoretic analysis, and the toxin from culture filtrates was identical with that from mycelia by the immunodiffusion technique. The hemolytic toxin was obtained for the first time from fungi and designated as Asp-hemolysin. The molecular weight of Asp-hemolysin was estimated to be appoximately 30,000 by the gel-filtration technique and its isoelectric point was found to be around pH 4.0. This Asp-hemolysin contained large amounts of protein and very small amounts of carbohydrate. The UV absorption spectrum of Asp-hemolysin showed a maximum absorption at 280 nm and minimum absorption at 251 nm. The extinction coefficient at 280 nm and minimum absorption at 251 nm. The extinction coefficient at 280 nm, E 1% 1CM, was 12.4 and the ratio of absorbance at 280 nm to that at 260 nm was 2.3. The optimum pH for the hemolytic activity of the toxin toward chicken erythrocytes was 5.0 at room temperature and it was active in the pH range of 3.5 to 10.5. The optimum temperature was 21 C and about 50% of the activity was lost by incubation at 50 C for 5 min or 45 C for 23 min. The hemolytic activity was remarkably inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Ag1+, iodine and p-CMB, but enhanced slightly by Zn2+ and Co2+.     

Production, purification, and characterization of lipase from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus coagulans BTS-3

A thermophilic isolate Bacillus coagulans BTS-3 produced an extracellular alkaline lipase, the production of which was substantially enhanced when the type of carbon source, nitrogen source, and the initial pH of culture medium were consecutively optimized. Lipase activity 1.16 U/ml of culture medium was obtained in 48 h at 55 degrees C and pH 8.5 with refined mustard oil as carbon source and a combination of peptone and yeast extract (1:1) as nitrogen sources. The enzyme was purified 40-fold to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. Its molecular weight was 31 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme showed maximum activity at 55 degrees C and pH 8.5, and was stable between pH 8.0 and 10.5 and at temperatures up to 70 degrees C. The enzyme was found to be inhibited by Al3+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ ions while K+, Fe3+, Hg2+, and Mg2+ ions enhanced the enzyme activity; Na+ ions have no effect on enzyme activity. The purified lipase showed a variable specificity/hydrolytic activity towards various 4-nitrophenyl esters.     

Purification and characterization of acharan sulfate lyases, two novel heparinases, from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15.

Two novel acharan sulfate lyases (ASL1 and ASL2: no EC number) have been purified from Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15 which was isolated from human intestinal bacteria with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degrading enzymes. These enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of QAE-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose, carboxymethyl-Sephadex C-50, hydroxyapatite and HiTrap SP Sephadex C-25 column chromatography with the final specific activity of 50.5 and 76.7 micromol.min-1.mg-1, respectively. Both acharan sulfate lyases are single subunits of 83 kDa by SDS/PAGE and gel filtration. ASL1 showed optimal activity at pH 7.2 and 45 degrees C. ASL1 activity was inhibited by Cu2+, Ni2+ and Co2+, but ASL2 activity was inhibited by Cu2+, Ni2+and Pb2. Both enzymes were slightly inhibited by some agents that modify histidine and cysteine residues, but activated by reducing agents such as DL-dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol. Both purified bacteroidal acharan sulfate lyases acted to the greatest extent on acharan sulfate, and to a lesser extents on heparan sulfate and heparin. They did not act on de-O-sulfated acharan sulfate. These findings suggest that the biochemical properties of these purified acharan sulfate lyases are different from those of the previously purified heparin lyases, but these enzymes belong to heparinase II.     

重组超耐热酸性α-淀粉酶的分离纯化及其性质研究

基因工程菌所产生的重组超耐热酸性α-淀粉酶,通过超滤浓缩、脱盐和聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳进行纯化,得到电泳纯的超耐热酸性α-淀粉酶,纯化倍数为11.7,活力回收率为29.8%。用SDSPAGE测得该酶的分子量为55kD,酶的等电点pI(室温)为5.0,以可溶性淀粉为底物的Km值为1.12gL,用硫酸酚法测得其含糖量为15.4%。该酶的最适反应温度为95℃,最适反应pH值为4.5。在pH4.0～7.0室温放置48h酶活没有变化,110℃保温1h残留60%活力。Cr3 、Fe2 、Cu2 抑制酶的活性,Ca2 对酶活无影响。EDTA和DTT对酶的活性无影响。     

Characterization of serum complement activity of saltwater (Crocodylus porosus) and freshwater (Crocodylus johnstoni) crocodiles

We employed a spectroscopic assay, based on the hemolysis of sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), to assess the innate immune function of saltwater and freshwater crocodiles in vitro. Incubation of serum from freshwater and saltwater crocodiles with SRBCs resulted in concentration-dependent increases in SRBC hemolysis. The hemolytic activity occurred rapidly, with detectable activity within 2 min and maximum activity at 20 min. These activities, in both crocodilian species, were heat sensitive, unaffected by 20 mM methylamine, and completely inhibited by low concentrations of EDTA, suggesting that the alternative serum complement cascade is responsible for the observed effects. The hemolytic activities of the sera were inhibited by other chelators of divalent metal ions, such as phosphate and citrate. The inhibition of SRBC hemolysis by EDTA could be completely restored by the addition of 10 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+, but not Ba2+, Cu2+ or Fe2+, indicating specificity for these metal ions. The serum complement activities of both crocodilians were temperature-dependent, with peak activities occurring at 25-30 degrees C and reduced activities below 25 degrees C and above 35 degrees C.