临床分离凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌细菌谱

目的了解玉溪市人民医院临床分离凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）的菌种构成和耐药特征。方法对该院近6年来临床分离的808株CNS作回顾性分析。结果808株CNS共有16种;表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌占CNS的77.2%;甲氧西林耐药（MRCNS）和甲氧西林敏感（MSCNS）各占63.3%和36.7%;β-内酰胺酶阳性检出率为84.5%,且MRCNS显著高于MSCNS（χ^2=50.88,P〈0.01）;药敏结果：MRCNS除万古霉素、呋喃妥因和利福平外,青霉素、氨苄西林等12种临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率在50.6%-100%,显示了高度的耐药性和多重耐药。结论CNS在临床标本中的检出范围广、种类多,以表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌为主,MRCNS的高度耐药和多重耐药形势严重,加强CNS的细菌学监测非常必要。     

凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌致新生儿败血症临床分析

目的了解本地区凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）致新生儿败血症的病原学及耐药性状况,用以指导临床治疗。方法回顾性分析64株CNS致新生儿败血症血培养的病原学及耐药性。结果64株CNS中以表皮葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌为主;耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）39株,分离率为60．9％,β-内酰胺酶检出率达100％,MRCNS对青霉素、红霉素、苯唑西林耐药率最高,对利福平、呋西地酸、替考拉宁、喹奴普汀／达福普汀等耐药率均较低;甲氧西林敏感凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MSCNS）25株,分离率为39．1％,13-内酰胺酶检出率为44％,MSCNS对大多数抗生素敏感;64株CNS中未检测到万古霉素耐药株。结论新生儿败血症中CNS以表皮葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌为主,MRCNS检出率高且呈多重耐药,应重视对其监测与控制。     

重症监护病房凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解重症监护病房(ICU)凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)临床分布及耐药情况,以期指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法采用VITEK-2细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统,对2009年10月至2010年9月重症监护病房的患者各类标本分离的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果共检出CNS 189株,以表皮葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌为主,占71.42%。耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)122株,分离率为61.5%,β-内酰胺酶检出率达100%,MRCNS对青霉素、红霉素、苯唑西林耐药率最高,分别达100%、93.44%、91.80%,对复方新诺明、喹诺酮类药的耐药率次之,对利福平、呋西地酸、替考拉宁、喹奴普汀/达福普汀等耐药率均较低;甲氧西林敏感凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MSCNS)67株,分离率为38.5%,β-内酰胺酶检出率为61.1%,MSCNS对大多数抗生素敏感;189株CNS中未检测到万古霉素耐药株。结论 ICU分离的CNS以表皮葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌为主,MRCNS检出率高且呈多重耐药,万古霉素、呋西地酸、替考拉宁、喹奴普汀/达福普汀是治疗MRCNS感染的首选药物。     

426株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌临床分布及耐药性分析

目的:分析凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)的分布及耐药性,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供理论依据.方法:对我院2005年1月-2007年12月临床分离的CNS采用琼脂纸片扩散法(K-B法)检测药敏.结果:在426株CNS中共分离13种菌,其中表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、人葡萄球菌分别为218株、103株、46株,各占51.17%、24.18%和10.80%;CNS对氟霉素、阿米卡星的耐药率小于25%,对万古霉素和替考拉宁的耐药率为0%;对青霉素、笨唑西林、红霉素、头孢西丁、哌拉西林、庆大霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率大于50%.从CNS中检出的耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)和甲氧西林敏感的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MSCNS)分别为350株和76株,分别占82.16%和17.84%;MRCNS对多种抗菌药物耐药,与MSCNS相比差异有显著性统计学意义(p＜0.01).结论:需要加强量CNS病原学耐药性监测,了解其分布特点,及时向临床反馈公布,为临床医师合理应用抗菌药物提供依据.     

血流感染葡萄球菌菌种分布及耐药特性分析

目的了解血流感染中葡萄球菌的菌种分布及其耐药特性,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法回顾性分析南昌大学第二附属医院2013年1月至2013年8月期间临床各科室送检的血培养标本中葡萄球菌的菌种分布和耐药特性。采用BACT/ALERT 3D全自动血培养仪进行培养,VITEK2-compact全自动细菌分析仪进行菌种鉴定和药敏试验。WHONET 5.6软件分析数据。结果共分离获得176株葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌24株,占13.6%;路邓葡萄球菌1株,占0.6%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)151株,占85.8%,人葡萄球菌53株、溶血葡萄球菌32株、表皮葡萄球菌23株及头状葡萄球菌15株居前四位。最常见的葡萄球菌分别为人葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林CNS(MRCNS)检出率分别为29.2%和85.4%,对青霉素耐药率均100.0%,磺胺甲噁唑对MRSA(耐药率仅14.3%)有较强的体外抗菌活性,利福平对MRCNS(耐药率仅18.2%)有较强的体外抗菌活性,均未发现耐万古霉素、利奈唑胺和替加环素的菌株。结论葡萄球菌引起的血流感染菌种分布较广,以人葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌为主,人葡萄球菌较金黄色葡萄球菌耐药及多重耐药性严重,但均仍对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替加环素保持高度敏感。     

新生儿耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌败血症40例分析

目的：探讨耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）在新生儿败血症中的分布,临床特征及耐药性特点。方法：应用全自动血培养系统（BACTE/9050）,ATB细菌鉴定仪,从80例新生儿血培养阳性瓶中分离出40株MRCNS。应用ATB药敏系统,测定了青霉素等17种抗生素的耐药性。结果：80株细菌中,分离出40株MRCNS（占50%）,其中溶血葡萄球菌17株（42.5%)居首位,表皮葡萄球菌15株（37.5%),其他葡萄球菌8株（20%）。药敏结果显示多重耐药。结论：凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）已成为小儿血培养的第一位检出菌,主要为溶血葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌,MRCNS占主导地位（达50%左右）,成为新生儿病房院内感染的主要致病菌。药敏结果显示MRCNS呈多重耐药,万古霉素及其他糖肽类抗生素是治疗MRCNS感染的首选药物,MRCNS在新生儿病房造成院内感染的危害性以及耐药性应引起广泛关注。     

儿童血液凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的感染情况及耐药性分析

目的了解本院儿童血培养凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）的感染率及其药物敏感情况,为儿科合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法对本院2006年1月至2007年12月间住院及门诊儿童血液培养的结果进行回顾性统计分析。结果在1265例儿童血培养中共检出CNS117株,其中表皮葡萄球菌41株（占35．0％）,人葡萄球菌27株（占23．1％）,溶血葡萄球菌21株（占18．0％）,其他凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌28株（占23．9％）;耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）分离率为79．5％;MRCNS药敏结果显示多重耐药。结论CNS已成为儿童血液感染的重要致病菌,MRCNS检出率高且多重耐药,万古霉素、喹宁始霉素-达福普汀、呋西地酸是治疗MRCNS感染的首选药物。     

葡萄球菌下呼吸道感染的细菌学分类及抗生素敏感性分析

目的：探讨葡萄球菌下呼吸道感染的细菌学分类情况及抗生素耐药性特点。方法：利用复星公司FOUTUNE IMS细菌鉴定药敏分析系统,凝固酶试验用试管法。结果：47株菌株分离到6种葡萄球菌,排在前3位的是施氏葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、木糖葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌占29．8％。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）占78．7％,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）占凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）78．8％;MRS对万古霉素敏感率为81．1％。MRS建议用药依次为万古霉素、呋喃妥因、氯霉素、四环素和喹诺酮类,未发现对万古霉素耐药的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。结论：凝固酶阴性、耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌成为下呼吸道球菌感染的主要菌株,MRS比例上升,MRS治疗首选万古霉素。     

206株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的分析凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）的临床分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法采用ATB-Expression细菌鉴定系统对厦门市妇幼保健院2009年1月至2009年12月分离的206株CNS进行鉴定,用K-B纸片法检测其对苯唑西林等10种抗菌药物的敏感度。结果206株CNS菌分布于8类临床标本,血液、生殖道标本分离率较高,分别为52．91％、25．24％。耐甲氧西林（MRS）的发生率分别为：模仿葡萄球菌59．09％,溶血葡萄球菌95．83％,表皮葡萄球菌80．00％,人型葡萄球菌85．71％。对青霉素、红霉素耐药率较高,分别为85％和82％以上;对左氧氟沙星、克林霉素耐药性次之;未检出对万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药菌株。结论该院分离的CNS耐药性严重,MRS发生率高达59％以上,对红霉素、克林霉素高度耐药,临床应尽量减少青霉素、红霉素等药物的经验性用药,依据药敏结果选择抗菌药物进行治疗,防止耐药菌株爆发院感流行。     

葡萄球菌耐药性的监测分析

目的：研究葡萄球菌的感染及耐药性状况,指导临床合理用药。方法：常规方法及阳光微生物鉴定仪鉴定菌株。药敏试验用革兰阳性需氧球菌药敏检测卡,检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）,金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）对12种抗生素的耐药率。结果：158株葡萄球菌中,MRSA占47.5%（78/158）,MRCNS占21.5%(34/158),SA占70.9%（112/158）,CNS占29.1%(46/158)。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）对12种抗生素的耐药率均高于甲氧西林敏感葡萄球菌（MSSA）。结论：MRSA的耐药性较高,需加强其抗生素的耐药性检测。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.