痢疾杆菌侵袭HeLa细胞基因表达谱的研究

采用cDNA微阵列技术检测了HeLa细胞被痢疾杆菌侵袭1h和3h后的基因表达变化,共发现2倍以上差异表达基因752个,上调基因有509个,下调基因有306个,并初步推测HeLa细胞通过激活某些信号通路,诱导表达多个基因,产生整体的细胞效应,以对抗痢疾杆菌的侵袭。对显著差异表达的两个基因TNFR 1B和ERBB2,在痢疾杆菌侵袭HeLa细胞1h和3h后的表达量经荧光实时定量PCR验证,确定这两个基因的确在痢疾杆菌侵袭期间高表达,它们在细胞对痢疾杆菌2457T侵袭反应中起重要的作用。这些结果促进了对痢疾杆菌分子致病机理的认识,也为形成预防和治疗痢疾的策略提供了理论基础。     

绿色荧光蛋白标记的D-氨基酸氧化酶基因在人宫颈癌细胞中的表达研究

为了探讨绿色荧光蛋白标记的红色酵母D 氨基酸氧化酶 (DAAO)基因在人宫颈癌细胞 (HeLa细胞 )中的表达及其功能 ,采用基因重组技术构建了含有CMV启动子和EGFP、DAAO基因开放阅读框 (ORF)的真核表达载体 pIRES DAAO。脂质体法转染HeLa细胞 ,荧光显微镜下观察转染细胞中绿色荧光蛋白的表达 ,流式细胞术分析转染效率并筛选荧光阳性细胞 ,命名为HeLa D。以不同浓度的前药D Ala处理HeLa D细胞 ,MTT法检测细胞存活率。结果显示 ,荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光蛋白在HeLa D细胞中表达 ,流式细胞术成功筛选出HeLa D细胞。前药D Ala能明显杀伤HeLa D细胞。结果表明 ,EGFP可作为报告基因快速筛选DAAO表达载体转染的细胞 ,DAAO/D Ala自杀基因系统可进一步用于肿瘤的基因治疗研究     

利用线粒体膜电位测定筛选参与细胞凋亡的人类新基因

细胞凋亡(apoptosis)属于细胞程序化死亡(programmed cell death),是细胞内涉及到许多生化反应的复杂过程.建立了基于细胞水平的凋亡筛选模型,用于筛选人类基因组中功能未知的序列,以发现与细胞凋亡相关的新基因.通过构建人类未知基因的表达文库,并将未知基因表达载体瞬时转染HeLa细胞,用阳离子染料JC-1标记HeLa细胞线粒体内膜并检测线粒体跨膜电位,用流式细胞术进行阳性结果的验证.经过对未知基因表达文库内600个新基因的筛选,得到7个线粒体跨膜电位下降相关新基因(CHMP6、CGI-38、hCAP-H2、NUDT16L1、ARMC1、PHF17和FLJ21103),经实验验证,其中3个基因(CHMP6、CGI-38和hCAP-H2)与细胞凋亡相关.结果表明,所建立的基于细胞的凋亡筛选模型稳定高效,3个细胞凋亡相关基因将被进行深入研究.     

以HIV-1 5＇LTR为靶点的药物筛选细胞模型的构建

构建以人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）5＇LTR为靶点的药物筛选细胞模型,用于体外筛选潜在的对HIV-1启动子具有抑制作用的药物,或用于筛选与HIV-1复制相关的宿主因子。通过PCR扩增HIV-1 5＇LTR片段和胸苷激酶基因（thymidine kinase gene,TK基因）,以这2片段为模板进行重叠PCR将两者连接起来,连接产物经酶切后与pcDNA3.1载体连接;将连接正确的质粒转染HEK293细胞同时用G418加压筛选获得稳定细胞系;加入药物更昔洛韦（GCV）检测TK基因的表达。成功构建了HIV-1 5＇LTR调控TK基因表达的稳定细胞系,在其培养过程中加入药物更昔洛韦时,细胞逐渐死亡。构建了以HIV-1 5＇LTR为靶点的药物筛选细胞模型,该模型利用TK基因作为报告基因方便灵敏,可用于筛选针对HIV-1 5＇LTR的潜在抗HIV药物。     

LINC00665通过激活WNT-CTNNB1/β-catenin信号通路促进HeLa细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转化（英文）

越来越多的证据表明,长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)在癌症进展中起关键作用。但是,人们对lncRNA 00665 (LINC00665)在大多数癌症中的作用了解甚少。本研究旨在揭示LINC00665在宫颈癌细胞中的功能。用小发夹RNA (short hairpin RNA, shRNA)敲减HeLa细胞中LINC00665的表达以研究宫颈癌细胞在体外和体内的转移和增殖表型。将LINC00665敲减组和对照组HeLa细胞进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)。对DEGs进行Metascape数据库功能分析和基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA)。用Western blot和免疫荧光染色法检测WNT-CTNNB1/β-catenin通路和上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)相关标记物的表达水平。结果显示,沉默LINC00665降低HeLa细胞活力,上调E-cadherin蛋白表达水平,下调N-cadherin、Vimentin和CTNNB1蛋白表达水平,抑制HeLa细胞的迁移和侵袭。生物信息学分析结果显示LINC00665可能通过激活WNT-CTNNB1/β-catenin信号转导通路促进EMT。以上结果提示,LINC00665通过WNT-CTNNB1/β-catenin信号传导途径调控HeLa细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和EMT。LINC00665可能作为一个潜在的宫颈癌药物治疗靶点。     

肺炎链球菌体内诱导基因的筛选及初步鉴定

为筛选鉴定肺炎链球菌宿主体内诱导的基因,寻找潜在的抗生素作用靶点和疫苗候选者,应用体内表达技术,以肺炎链球菌荚膜合成的关键基因galU作为体内报告基因,利用其缺陷体不能合成荚膜多糖,从而不能在宿主体内存活的特点,筛选鉴定肺炎链球菌体内诱导基因。首先,把肺炎链球菌基因组DNA的随机酶切片段(200~500bp)克隆到含有体内、体外双重报告基因(galU-lacZ)的报告载体pEVP3-galU的BglⅡ位点,将获得的质粒库转化肺炎链球菌galU缺陷菌株,得到肺炎链球菌体内启动子诱捕文库,将此文库去感染BALB/c小鼠,经过两轮体内筛选,在涂布有X-gal的TSA血清平板上得到了165个白色菌落,对插入的随机片段进行测序及生物信息学分析,共证实15个不同的体内诱导基因片段,8个为单独的ORF,7个为含有多个ORFs的操纵子结构,它们分别参与细菌在宿主体内的定植与粘附、能量代谢、物质转运、转录调节、DNA复制与重组、细胞壁合成等,另外还包括功能不明的假想蛋白。其中部分ORFs可能与细菌毒力相关,可以作为候选疫苗和药物的靶标。     

法尼醇X受体激动剂细胞筛选体系的建立与优化

本研究旨在建立一种基于双荧光素酶报告基因检测体系的法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR)激动剂细胞筛选体系,以满足对FXR激动剂先导化合物的高通量筛选。通过在报告基因质粒pGL4-luc2P-Hygro中的萤火虫荧光素酶(firefly luciferase,Luc)基因上游克隆并插入来自FXR靶基因的FXR反应元件(FXR response element,FXRE)片段,构建用于筛选FXR激动剂的报告基因质粒,并结合海肾荧光素酶内参质粒,建立能够有效反映药物对FXR激动效应的双荧光素酶报告基因细胞检测体系。通过一系列优化实验,比较了过表达RXR、鼠源和人源FXR、不同的FXRE片段、FXR过表达质粒与报告基因质粒的混合比对筛选体系诱导效率和灵敏度的影响。根据上述结果,最终确定了优化条件,优化后体系Z因子达到0.83。本研究建立了一种用于FXR激动剂筛选的改良的基于双荧光素酶报告基因检测体系的细胞筛选体系,其主要特征在于,使用多段FXR靶基因上的FXRE片段叠加组成一种新型的增强型FXRE元件,而非传统的反向重复序列-1 (inverted repeats...     

细胞水平筛选鉴定激活核因子κB通路的新基因TMEM9B

核因子κB(NF-κB)是细胞内重要的转录因子,其介导的细胞信号转导通路在细胞凋亡中的作用是国内外研究的热点．为了筛选NF-κB通路相关新基因,建立了基于细胞水平的报告基因高通量筛选模型．利用双荧光素酶报告系统检测报告基因荧光素酶活性,通过对构建的439个人类未知功能基因的筛选,获得了一批激活NF-κB信号通路的功能基因,其中基因TMEM9B可以明显激活NF-κB通路．进一步实验显示TMEM9B激活NF-κB通路呈明显剂量依赖性,Western blot及EMSA实验证实,TMEM9B能够促进胞质内NF-κB的抑制分子IκBα的降解,并促使NF-κB由胞质向胞核转移,同时流式细胞术实验发现TMEM9B可引起293T和HeLa细胞的凋亡．总之,所建立的基于细胞水平的NF-κB通路筛选模型稳定高效,筛选并验证TMEM9B可明显激活NF-κB信号转导通路,并从而引起细胞凋亡．     

细菌中优化冷激启动子的高通量筛选方法的建立

为了优化冷激启动子,分别利用卡那霉素抗性基因kan和荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因为报告基因建立了两种高通量筛选方法。抗性筛选方法是通过观察菌落形态变化判断启动子强弱,适用于筛选强启动子。荧光筛选方法中,对转化子进行平板诱导,使用荧光显微镜拍摄菌落荧光,Matlab软件计算每一个菌落的亮度,实现高通量筛选,操作简单,精确度较好。     

分泌蛋白特异性基因陷阱的设计与验证

蛋白质分子向细胞外分泌的过程有赖于信号肽的介导.基因陷阱是功能性基因克隆的一种有效方法,经典的基因陷阱以geo作为报告基因,对所克隆的基因类型没有选择性.将绿脓杆菌外毒素、2A序列、IL-2受体穿膜区以及新霉素磷酸转移酶的基因依次融合构建新型报告基因——peo,该报告基因能够特异性地甄别具有信号肽编码序列的基因.为验证peo对信号肽编码序列的特异性甄别作用,以peo为报告基因,构建了3种质粒载体,分别模拟用基因陷阱载体进行筛选时可能出现的3种情况,通过转染HeLa细胞、G418筛选以及碱性磷酸酶检测,证明peo能够有效地区分信号肽和非信号肽编码序列,以peo为报告基因改造的基因陷阱载体可以用于分泌蛋白基因的筛选.     

痢疾福氏2a asd基因的克隆及其序列分析

本文根据大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ）Ｋ１２ａｓｄ基因两侧序列设计了一对引物,用全菌ＰＣＲ扩增了福氏２ａ Ｔ３２株的ａｓｄ基因及其两侧序列。对ＰＣＲ产物的初步结果表明,在ａｓｄ基因两端存在ＢａｍＨ Ｉ位点。为了防止由ＰＣＲ扩增带来的差错,我们又从福氏２ａ Ｔ３２株染色体中克隆了全长的ａｓｄ基因。序列分析了结果表明,福氏２ａＴ３２株ａｓｄ基因的序列与Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ Ｋ１２的完全一致,全长１６８０ｂｐ,其两侧     

Construction of a trivalent candidate vaccine against Shigella species with DNA recombination

In this work asd gene of Shigella flexneri 2a strain T32 was replaced by Vibrio cholerae toxin B subunit (ctxB) gene with DNA recombination in vivo and in vitro. The resulting derivative of T32, designed as FWL01, could stably express CtxB, but its growth in LB medium depended on the presence of diaminopimelic acid (DAP). Then form I plasmid of Shigella sonnei strain S7 was labeled with strain T32 asd gene and mobilized into FWL01. Thus a trivalent candidate oral vaccine strain, designed as FSW01, was constructed. In this candidate strain, a balanced-lethal system was constituted between the host strain and the form I plasmid expressing S, sonnei O antigen. Therefore the candidate strain can express stably not only its own O antigen but also CtxB and O antigen of S. sonnei in the absence of any antibiotic. Experiments showed that FSW01 did not invade HeLa cells or cause keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. However, rabbits immunized FSW01 can elicit significant immune responses. In mice and rhesus monkey     

Construction of a trivalent candidate Shigella vaccine strain with host-vector balanced-lethal system

A trivalent live Shigella vaccine candidate FSD01 against S. flexneri 2a, S. sonnei and S. dysen-teriae I was constructed. This candidate strain was based on the S. flexneri 2a vaccine T32. By homologous recombi-nation exchange, the chromosomal asd gene of T32 was site-specifically inactivated, resulting in the strain unable to grow normally in LB broth, while another asd gene of S. mutans was employed to construct an Asd complementary vector. This combination of asd 'host/ Asd vector formed a balanced-lethal expression system in T32 strain. By use of this system, two important protective antigen genes coding for S. sonnei Form I antigen and Shiga toxin B subunit were cloned and expressed in T32, which led to the construction of trivalent candidate vaccine FSD01. Experimental results showed that this strain was genetically stable, but its recombinant plasmid was non-resistant. Moreover, it was able to effectively express trivalent antigens in one host and induce protective responses in mice against the     

稳定、无抗药的痢疾福氏2a和宋内双价菌苗候选株的构建

通过体内外基因重组,将大肠杆菌粘附因子cs3基因定位整合到痢疾杆菌福氏2a疫苗株T32菌染色体的asd基因内,使asd基因灭活;将来内O抗原基因克隆至无抗药性表达载体pXL378,获得重组质粒pXL390,将其转化asd-的T32受体菌,构建成福氏2a和宋内双价苗苗株FS01。实验表明:重组质粒pXL390在不带任何抗菌素基因的情况下,在asd-的T32受体菌内是稳定的。FS01株遗传稳定,能表达两种痢疾菌的PLS-O抗原,无明显毒性作用。动物试验表明,以FS01株皮下免疫的小鼠对福氏2a和宋内有毒株的腹腔攻击有100％的保护。     

Treatment of HeLa cells with bacterial water extracts inhibits Shigella flexneri invasion

Abstract Pathogenesis mediated by Shigella flexneri requires invasion of the gastrointestinal epithelium. It has been previously shown that HeLa cells challenged with S. flexneri show alterations in their phosphotyrosine-containing protein profile. In this report, we demonstrated that bacterial water extracts (WE) abrogated the invasion of HeLa cells by S. flexneri in a dose-dependent manner. A proteinaceous component of S. flexneri was shown to be responsible for this inhibitory activity. Proteins encoded on the 140-MDa plasmid were not responsible for the observed inhibition. WE from other Gram-negative bacteria also inhibited Shigella invasion of HeLa cells. HeLa cells pretreated with WE showed changes in the profile and the intensity of phosphotyrosine-containing protein bands. These data were consistent with a surface protein component in WE which initiated aberrant host cell signaling at the membrane which may account for the inhibition of bacterial entry.     

宋内Ⅰ相O抗原及霍乱毒素B亚基在福氏2a痢疾菌中的表达及其免疫保护效果的观察

本文利用基因重组的方法,将宋内Ｉ相Ｏ抗原基因以及霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位基因（ｃｔｘ－Ｂ）克隆至带链球菌的ａｓｄ基因的表达载体,然后转化至ａｓｄ－痢疾菌苗株福氏２ａＴ３２。脂多糖银染以及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ实验证实以上两基因都能在宿主菌中稳定表达。动物（小白鼠）保护实验表明,该重组菌对福氏２ａ、宋内氏痢疾菌的保护效率达１００％,对霍乱弧菌的保护效率也达７０％。该菌具有稳定、无抗生素标记、多价的特点。     

IpaB of Shigella flexneri causes entry into epithelial cells and escape from the phagocytic vacuole.

By creating mutations within the Shigella flexneri ipaB gene, we have demonstrated that the invasion of epithelial cells is a three-step process encompassing adhesion on the cell surface, entry and lysis of the phagocytic vacuole allowing subsequent access to the cytoplasm. SC403, an insertion mutant which lacks expression of IpaB but still expresses downstream genes, has been particularly studied. It is non-invasive, does not elicit actin polymerization, but binds to HeLa cells indicating that an adhesion step occurs immediately prior to the entry process. The consequence of the inactivation of ipaB on the intracellular behaviour of S.flexneri was investigated using the macrophage cell line J774. SC403 was unable to lyse the phagocytic vacuole; moreover, this strain did not display the contact mediated haemolytic activity characteristics of Shigella. In addition to being a major component of the invasion complex, IpaB acts as a membrane-lysing toxin enabling escape to the cytoplasmic compartment.