E.aero高产1.3-丙二醇菌株发酵条件的研究(Ⅱ)

建立了1.3-丙二醇高产菌株(Enterobacter aerogenes简写为E.aero-N-56)1.3-PD厌氧发酵最适pH值、温度、时间、接种量分别为7.0、30℃、48h、9％;在最适发酵条件下,30L发酵罐中E.aero-N-56菌株1.3-PD产量为47.36g/L,生产率为23.68g/L·d。     

E.aero高产1.3-丙二醇菌株选育及发酵培养基研究(Ⅰ)

以淡水湖泊泥土中分离出的300多株肠杆菌(Enterobacter)为出发菌株,利用常规筛选方法选出2株1．3-丙二醇产生菌(Enterobacter)。经UV、DES、NTG、EMS、LiCl单独及复合诱变,选育出一株(E．aero-N-56)1．3-PD高产突变株。通过单因素实验,确定了E．aero—N-56菌株1．3-PD发酵培养基为：甘油90g/L,NH4CL1．50g/L,Fe^2 0．005％,Co^2 0．004％。微量元素液12mL／L。该突变株1．3-PD产量为36．8g/L。     

重组大肠杆菌利用木糖发酵产高纯度L-乳酸

对重组大肠杆菌JH16利用木糖产高纯度的三一乳酸进行研究。通过无氧管驯化EscherwhiacdiJH12菌株得到E．coliJH16,驯化后的菌株茵体浓度提高了31％,乙酸积累减少了43％;在摇瓶中考察不同Mg2＋浓度对EcoliJHl6产三一乳酸的影响,确定最适Mg2＋质量浓度为0．25g/L;EcoEJH16以60g/L木糖为C源,在7L全自动发酵罐中添加0．25g／LMg2＋,乳酸积累量提高了18％,达38．18g/L,乳酸纯度高达95％;E．coliJH16在30g／L木糖和30g／L葡萄糖混合C源中,优先利用葡萄糖,当葡萄糖质量浓度低于1．56g/L后,菌体开始利用木糖进行乳酸发酵,最终得到39g／L乳酸。     

高产(+)γ-内酰胺酶菌株的筛选与发酵产酶研究

从土壤中筛选获得高产(+)γ-内酰胺酶的微生物菌株,并鉴定和保藏为Delftia sp.CGMCC No.5755.对该Delfiia sp菌株的发酵产酶条件进行了研究,结果表明,最适发酵培养基为:蔗糖30 g/L,蛋白胨30 g/L,牛肉膏25 g/L,乙酰胺5 g/L,MgS04 1 g/L;最适发酵温度及初始pH分别为32℃和pH 7.0.该菌株在上述条件下发酵培养20 h,菌体生物量为16.0 g/L,(+)γ-内酰胺酶的酶活为692 U/L.采用Delftia sp.静息细胞对100 g/L的外消旋底物2-氮杂二环-[2.2.1]-庚烷-5-烯-3-酮(简称(±)γ-内酰胺)的水解拆分反应中,产物(-)γ-内酰胺光学纯度大于99.9％e.e.,转化率为53.7％.研究为生物催化法高效制备光学纯(+)γ-内酰胺提供了可行的途径.     

星形孢菌素产生菌H41-38的发酵工艺条件

本研究对菌株H41-38发酵生产星形孢菌素的工艺进行了研究.结果表明:30℃、96h为菌株摇瓶培养最适条件.玉米淀粉和酵母粉为最适碳、氮源.采用Fractional factorial design方法确定培养基成分的重要因子:酵母粉和粗盐,然后利用爬坡路径试验和响应面分析法优化了发酵效价取得最大值时酵母粉和粗盐含量,发酵效价最大理论值为252.31μg/mL,摇瓶实测值为251.28μg/mL,其发酵水平比优化前提高了4.33倍.在30L发酵罐(300r/min、30℃、V空气=10L/min～15L/min)中扩大培养84h后发酵效价达到286.44μg/mL,比摇瓶培养效价提高了45.16μg/mL,其发酵参数变化曲线可指导生产罐的应用生产.     

一株1,3-丙二醇生产菌的分离鉴定及其发酵特性

从活性污泥中分离筛选得到一株能代谢甘油生产1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)的菌株2-1,通过形态学鉴定、生理生化试验、16S rRNA序列分析对菌株分类学地位进行鉴定,用MEGA 4.1软件构建的系统发育树显示菌株2-1与Klebsiella pneumoniae(CP001891)的亲缘关系最近。16S rDNA序列同源性比较发现,菌株2-1与模式菌株同源率为95.4%,疑似为新种。对菌株2-1在5 L发酵罐中进行发酵特性研究,分批补料发酵时得到较高的1,3-PD终浓度,达到63.5 g/L,此时生产强度为2.19 g/(L.h),底物转化率0.64 mol/mol。     

酶水解菊芋糖浆发酵生产琥珀酸的初步研究

用产菊粉酶的一株黑曲霉菌株进行产酶发酵条件和水解条件研究,在30℃,pH 6.0,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵时间为3 d的最适产酶条件下,酶活可以达到45.9 U/mL.以总糖含量为85.2 g/L的菊芋粉为初始底物,最适酶水解条件为温度50℃,加黑曲霉培养液的量为10%(v/v),水解12 h后,水解率达到99.6%.用此酶解液在5 L搅拌发酵罐中进行琥珀酸发酵,初始还原糖浓度53.5 g/L,36 h发酵产琥珀酸43.8 g/L,琥珀酸产率0.83 g/g,糖利用率99.0%,琥珀酸生产强度1.22 g/(L·h).     

玫瑰黄链霉菌NKZ-259发酵培养基的优化

玫瑰黄链霉菌NKZ-259是一株生防菌株,其次级代谢能产生植物生长调节类物质吲哚乙酸(IAA)。为了进一步提高菌株代谢产生IAA的含量,本试验对该菌株的发酵培养基进行了优化。利用单因子试验确定发酵培养基中最适的6种营养成分为葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉、蛋白胨、硝酸钾、磷酸氢二钾和L-色氨酸;通过Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响菌株发酵产生IAA的主要因素为L-色氨酸、葡萄糖和磷酸氢二钾;采用中心组合试验(CCD)及响应面法分析各因素的交互作用。最终确定菌株代谢产生IAA的最优发酵培养基为:L-色氨酸2.24 g/L,葡萄糖20.7 g/L,磷酸氢二钾0.5 g/L,可溶性淀粉10 g/L,蛋白胨3 g/L,硝酸钾4.5g/L;使用优化后的发酵培养基菌株代谢产生IAA的含量为45.377 4μg/mL,比原始发酵培养基IAA的含量提高了3倍。     

一步法发酵菊芋生产乙醇

利用马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)YX01具有菊粉酶生产能力且乙醇发酵性能良好的特点,直接发酵菊粉生成乙醇.在摇瓶中考察了该菌株最适发酵温度,进而在2.5L发酵罐中考察了通气量和底物浓度的影响.实验结果表明:该菌株最适发酵温度为35℃;在通气量为50 mL/min和100 mL/min时菌体生长加快,发酵时间缩短,但在不通气条件下糖醇转化率明显提高;在菊粉浓度235 g/L时,发酵终点乙醇浓度达到92.2 g/L,乙醇对糖的得率为0.436,为理论值的85.5%.在此基础上,使用近海滩涂种植海水灌溉收获的菊芋为底物,以批式补料方式直接发酵菊芋干粉浓度为280 g/L的底物,发酵终点乙醇浓度为84.0 g/L,乙醇对糖的得率为0.405,为理论值的80.0%.这些研究工作,为以菊芋为原料的燃料乙醇技术开发奠定了基础.     

拉曼被孢霉F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的研究

对拉曼被孢霉突变株F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的最适碳源、氮源、发酵时间及温度、无机盐离子添加、最适碳源浓度及补加碳源时间等发酵条件进行了研究探讨.最适发酵培养基组成为(g/L):葡萄糖100,酵母浸出粉4,蛋白胨1,K2HPO4 1,CaCl2 1×10-2,MgSO45×10-2,FeSO4 1×10-2,ZnSO4 7.5×10-3,CuSO4 0.5 × 10-5,MnSO4 2×10-3,pH 6.0.培养温度为25℃,140r/min振荡培养10天,培养8天后(即收获前2天)补加5%葡萄糖.发酵结果为:DC24.59g/L,TL 10.84g/L,TL/DC44.09%,GLA/TL10.67%,GLA产量为1156.63 mg/L. GLA产量较初始结果提高156.15%.该菌株已达到工业化生产菌株要求.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.