嗜极菌的极端酶

近年来,嗜极菌极端酶的分离鉴定取得了很大进展。本文简述了极端酶的分离纯化及其某些生化特性、极端酶的稳定因素和应用。极端酶的发现与研究,拓宽了传统的生物催化及应用的范围。但是,关于极端酶的稳定机制及其工业应用,仍有许多难题需要解决。     

Thermus thermophilus HB27锰过氧化氢酶在大肠杆菌中的表达及酶学性质分析

碱性嗜热过氧化氢酶是一种重要的纺织用酶。根据大肠杆菌密码子使用偏爱性,对Thermus thermophilus HB27来源的含锰过氧化氢酶基因进行密码子优化,将优化后的基因连接至表达载体pET28a(+)上,转化到E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达。结果表明在含有14mmol/L Mn2+浓度的培养液中以0.2 mmol/L的IPTG 42℃条件下诱导2 h的情况下,菌体破碎上清液中的酶活力可达25 U/ml。利用Ni亲和层析柱对该Mn-CAT进行纯化,酶学性质研究表明:此酶的最适温度为70℃,最适pH为pH 10.0,在80℃保温2 h,酶活力不损失;pH9.0~11.0的环境中放置2 h后,酶活仅损失约10%,此酶具有良好的工业开发潜力。     

嗜极菌的极端酶

近年来,嗜极菌极端酶的分离鉴定以得了很大进展,本文简述了极端酶的分离纯化及其某些生化特性,极端酶的稳定因素和应用。极端酶的发现与研究,拓宽了传统的生物催化及应用的范围,但是,关于极端酶的稳定机制及其工业应用,仍有许多难题需要解决。     

微生物嗜盐酶的研究进展

嗜盐酶一般来自于嗜盐菌,它的主要特点是严格依赖体系中一定的盐离子浓度,可以在高盐环境中维持其结构稳定,并且能够抵抗高温、p H和有机溶剂存在下的变性,因此在高盐、水/有机和非水介质环境的催化中具有重要的应用价值。本综述从盐对嗜盐酶活性和稳定性的影响、金属离子和有机溶剂对嗜盐酶的影响几个方面介绍了嗜盐酶的特点。在总结蛋白质数据库(PDB)中已有嗜盐酶的结构和特点的基础上,对嗜盐酶的嗜盐机制进行了分析,认为嗜盐酶不同于非嗜盐酶的特点在于盐桥和氢键明显增多,含有一些特殊的盐离子结合位点并且常以低聚体的形式存在,表面酸性氨基酸含量明显增多。最后对嗜盐酶的分子改造和应用进行了简要的介绍。     

嗜热酶的结构特征与热稳定性

相对于嗜温酶,嗜热酶作为生物催化剂有许多优势而受到人们的广泛重视。嗜热酶的热稳定性机制历来是生物化学家们研究的重点。本文综述了嗜热酶的结构特征及其与热稳定性的关系。相对于嗜温酶,嗜热酶的结构比较僵硬,折叠紧密,廿螺旋更长,构象张力低,大多数为多聚体。了解嗜热酶的结构特征与热稳定性的关系,对于采用酶工程改造嗜温酶从而提高其热稳定性具有重要的指导意义。     

嗜热酶的特性及其应用

海洋微生物作为一类生长在特殊极端环境下的生物正日益引起人们的重视。其中嗜热微生物由于能在高温温泉及火山口附近的高热环境下生长而引起人们的极大关注[1] 。同时 ,人们也从许多人工高热环境 (如堆肥 )中分离得到这种嗜热菌。近年来 ,人们从这些嗜热菌中已分离得到多种嗜热酶 (5 5℃～80℃ )及超级嗜热酶 (80℃～ 1 1 3℃ ) [2 ] 。嗜热酶不仅具有化学催化剂无法比拟的优点 ,如催化效率高和底物专一性强 ,而且酶在高温条件下的稳定性极好[3 ] 。因而它可以克服中温酶 (2 0℃～ 5 5℃ )及低温酶 (-2℃～ 2 0℃ )在应用过程中常常出现的…     

嗜热链霉菌过氧化氢酶的纯化及性质研究

嗜热链霉菌(Thermostreptostreptomyces sp.)T485的除去菌体的培养液,经硫酸铵盐析,Sepha- dex G—100、DEAE—Sephadex A-50及羟基磷灰石等柱层析,得到了凝胶电泳均-的过氧化氧酶,纯化了954倍,得率为7％。用浓度梯度PAGE测定分子量为152000,SDS—PAGE测定亚基分子量为57000,凝胶薄层等电点聚焦测定等电点为4．25。过氧化氢酶的反应最适温度为60℃,最适pH为7．0;对H2O2的K为50 mmol·L-1,Vmas值为6．0 mmol·min-1·mg-1。Nall3和Hg2+对酶活力有强烈抑制作用．Ca2+对酶活力有激活作用。测定了波长200—500nm的吸收光谱,在405nm处有明显的吸收峰。根据受NaN3,抑制和吸收光谱性质,推测它为含血红素酶。此外还测定了过氧化氢酶的氨基酸组成。     

产几丁质酶菌株SWCH-6的筛选、鉴定及其产酶条件的优化研究

从汕头海湾养殖区域的海底沉积物中分离到1株几丁质酶活性较高的菌株, 命名为SWCH-6, 根据菌株的形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA 序列, 确定该菌株为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophlilla)。采用单因素优化方法结合正交实验, 得到菌株SWCH-6产几丁质酶的最佳发酵条件：胶体几丁质25.0 g/L, 胰蛋白胨10.0 g/L, 陈海水1.0 L, pH 8.5, 32℃, 150 r/min培养72 h; 在该条件下酶活力达0.39 U/mL。此外, 菌株所产几丁质酶的最适催化pH 5.0; 最适催化温度为40℃; Cu2+、Fe3+及表面活性剂Tween-80能增强该酶的催化活性; Zn2+、Mn2+及表面活性剂SDS、洗衣粉对该酶的催化活性有抑制作用, 与其它几丁质酶存在着一些不同。     

耐热过氧化氢酶产生菌的筛选和发酵条件的研究

从59株嗜热放线菌中筛选出一株产胞外过氧化氢酶活力较高的嗜热链霉菌(Thermo-sueptomyces sp．)T485。其产酶的适宜条件为培养温度50℃,培养基pH6—8,碳源麦芽糖,氮源酵母膏,250ml三角瓶装30—50ml培养基,振荡培养48h,产酶可达140u／ml。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV