沙眼衣原体感染后大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白的变化

目的研究沙眼衣原体感染后输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白的变化.方法取25只成熟Wistar雌性大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组5只.对照组接种2SP代替沙眼衣原体,其余每组大鼠均在卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体D型株.分别于感染后3,5,7,14d处死动物,取输卵管,观察大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白在感染后不同天数发生的改变,其变化可通过荧光显微镜观察与植物凝集素BS-1结合后的荧光强度来检测,并采用HPIAS-1000图文分析系统进行定量分析和SPSS11.0统计软件作统计分析.结果输卵管受损部位主要在粘膜层,富含N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺的糖蛋白随感染的天数不同,其变化有所不同,尤其以输卵管峡部变化明显.图像分析结果显示:感染第7d时其分泌量最低,感染后第14d其分泌量逐渐恢复,且各组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论输卵管是精子与卵子结合的地方,也是胚胎早期发育的场所.富含N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺的糖蛋白可通过参与精卵结合、受精卵卵裂和早期胚胎发育等方式,对受精卵及早期胚胎发挥保护作用.     

肥大细胞在大鼠输卵管急性沙眼衣原体感染中的作用

目的　为研究肥大细胞在大鼠输卵管急性沙眼衣原体 (Chlamydialtrachomatis,CT)感染中的作用。方法　选择成年雌性SD大鼠 6 0只 ,通过手术从一侧卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体D型株 ,对照组接种 2 -SPA缓冲液。分别于感染后第 1/ 2d、第 7d、第 14d将大鼠处死 ,取手术侧的输卵管常规固定、脱水、包埋。结果　S -P法显示 :输卵管局部的CD4 + T细胞和血管内皮细胞粘附分子 (VCAM - 1)的表达均较对照组明显增强 (P <0 0 1)。改良的甲苯胺蓝染色法显示 :感染组肥大细胞较对照组数量有显著性增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并且其变化趋势与CD4 + T细胞和VCAM - 1表达的变化趋势一致。结论　可以推测 ,沙眼衣原体感染引起急性输卵管炎时 ,肥大细胞通过促进炎症局部小静脉内皮细胞上VCAM -1的表达 ,诱导CD4 + T细胞的浸润 ;然后分泌IL - 4等细胞因子促进CD4 + T细胞向TH2 细胞方向转化 ,不利于机体清除沙眼衣原体 ,从而使发生局部输卵管病理损伤的可能性增加。     

生殖道解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体的感染与输卵管妊娠关系探究

目的探讨分析生殖道解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体的感染与输卵管妊娠的关系。方法选取新疆医科大学第二附属医院2018年1月—6月妇科住院经腹腔镜手术证实输卵管妊娠并行患侧输卵管切除的患者作为研究组,同期腹腔镜下行妇科良性疾病输卵管或附件切除术者为对照组,分别采集两组宫颈管分泌物、输卵管组织进行解脲支原体培养以及沙眼衣原体检测,并作宫颈分泌物解脲支原体药敏试验。结果输卵管妊娠组的宫颈分泌物及输卵管组织中解脲衣原体检出率(34.3%、30.2%)及沙眼衣原体的检出率(18.6%、16.2%)明显高于对照组宫颈分泌物及输卵管中解脲衣原体检出率(16.2%、6.9%)及沙眼衣原体的检出率(4.6%、2.3%),对照组与实验组两组比较差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=3.909、4.074、7.679、4.962,Ps0.05)。本研究22例宫颈解脲支原体感染中,解脲支原体对交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素的敏感率均高于80%。结论输卵管妊娠与生殖道解脲支原体及沙眼衣原体感染有密切关系,临床工作中应尽早筛查和诊断,并根据药敏试验进行预防及合理治疗用药,减少输卵管妊娠的发生。     

大鼠输卵管沙眼衣原体感染后体内树突状细胞的变化

目的观察大鼠输卵管沙眼衣原体(CT)感染后体内树突状细胞(DC)的变化.方法选择成年雌性Wistar大鼠,从卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体E型株.于感染后第1/2d、7d、14d、21d、28d和第35d处死动物取材,显示输卵管和脾内DC的变化.结果 1. 实验1/2d组输卵管未出现S-100 DC,在实验第7d、14d、21d、28d和第35d组输卵管均有S-100 DC出现;2.感染后脾淋巴小结数量增多,体积较大,淋巴小结内S-100 DC密集,动脉周围淋巴鞘内S-100 DC增多.结论输卵管CT感染后,输卵管和脾内S-100 DC增加,提示在体内DC对CT具有抗原提呈和启动机体免疫应答的作用,DC具有作为CT治疗性疫苗基础构建的潜力.     

沙眼衣原体感染诱导小鼠生殖道局部促炎性细胞因子的表达情况

建立小鼠生殖道沙眼衣原体感染模型,观察小鼠生殖道局部促炎性细胞因子的表达。将小鼠生物型沙眼衣原体C. muridarum 1＆#215;104 IFU阴道接种于C57B6背景雌性小鼠,取感染后阴道拭子做沙眼衣原体培养,计算IFU,监测小鼠感染和病原体清除情况;80 d后处死小鼠,检测子宫输卵管病理改变;ELISA检测感染过程中小鼠生殖道促炎性细胞因子IL-1α、IL-6、MIP-2和TNF-α产生情况。小鼠感染在第3至第15天维持较高水平,然后病原体被逐渐清除,整个病程约3~5周;病理检测显示子宫输卵有严重炎症、管腔扩张积水,狭窄等;于感染后第3天检测到局部IL-1α、IL-6、MIP-2分泌,第7天达高峰,然后逐渐下降至正常水平（ IL-6于11 d恢复正常,IL-1α和 MIP-2于15 d恢复正常）。 TNF-α仅在第7天检测到高水平表达。相对于TNF-α和IL-6,IL-1α和MIP-2维持时间较长。成功建立沙眼衣原体感染小鼠生殖道模型,沙眼衣原体急性感染可诱导小鼠生殖道局部分泌IL-1α、IL-6、MIP-2和TNF-α。     

增龄对大鼠输卵管粘膜上皮糖蛋白的影响

目的揭示增龄对大鼠输卵管粘膜上皮糖蛋白的影响.方法分别以5只1月龄、8月龄和18月龄健康雌性SD大鼠作为性成熟前期组(IMG)、性成熟期组(MG)和更年期组(CMG).取输卵管石蜡切片,然后进行PAS及PAS-阿尔新蓝染色.结果①PAS反应显示:峡部粘膜上皮阳性反应明显,三组阳性产物平均光密度值相比,MG与IMG、CMG间差异有高度显著性(P<0.01).②PAS-阿尔新蓝染色显示:峡部粘膜皱襞处上皮细胞游离面有少量淡蓝色阳性产物出现,三组间淡蓝色阳性产物未见明显差异.结论大鼠输卵管峡部粘膜上皮能合成和分泌两种蛋白质:中性糖蛋白和酸性糖蛋白.增龄对大鼠输卵管峡部粘膜上皮中性糖蛋白的合成和分泌有明显的影响,对酸性糖蛋白无明显影响.     

沙眼衣原体CT058蛋白在感染细胞中的定位分析

分析沙眼衣原体CT058蛋白在感染细胞中的定位.克隆表达CT058蛋白;纯化的CT058融合蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体;间接免疫荧光法对CT058蛋白在沙眼衣原体感染细胞中的定位进行分析;Western blot检测CT058蛋白在原体和网状体中的表达情况.间接免疫荧光染色实验显示CT058蛋白位于包涵体内;鼠抗GST-CT058抗体与GST-CT058融合蛋白吸附后特异性染色消失,而与GST-CT232融合蛋白吸附后仍然可见GST-CT058抗体的包涵体染色特征;Western blot证实CT058蛋白在纯化的原体和网状体上均有表达.CT058蛋白定位于沙眼衣原体感染细胞的包涵体内.     

沙眼衣原体生殖道感染的小鼠模型及其应用

沙眼衣原体生殖道感染是严重危害人类生殖健康的一种常见的性传播疾病,研制安全、有效的疫苗是控制其感染的有效措施。在疫苗的研制中选择合适的动物模型非常重要。近几十年来学者们建立了多种沙眼衣原体生殖道感染的小鼠模型,根据接种途径可分为阴道内接种和子宫或卵巢囊内接种两大类。研究发现不同模型各有利弊,本文对两大类沙眼衣原体生殖道感染小鼠模型及其应用进行了综述。     

大鼠输卵管感染沙眼衣原体后IL-18mRNA的表达及介质效应

目的通过大鼠沙眼衣原体(chlamydial trachomatis,CT)感染模型来研究白介素-18(IL-18)在初次感染后不同阶段的表达及其与干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)之间的介质效应.方法选择成年雌性SD大鼠24只,通过手术从一侧卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体D型株,分别于感染后3d、7d、14d将大鼠处死,取手术侧输卵管以RT-PCR检测感染前后不同时间输卵管局部IL-18 mRNA及IFN-γ mRNA的表达量;用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定输卵管组织IFN-γ蛋白含量.结果在接种24h后即可检测到IFN-γ mRNA和IL-18 mRNA的表达,并持续升高.在感染后的3 d至7 d内,两种细胞因子的mRNA表达量一直处于高水平状态,大约两周后它们的mRNA表达已明显下降.感染组织内IFN-γ水平与基因表达趋势基本一致.相关分析表明,输卵管组织IL-18 mRNA表达与IFN-γ mRNA、IFN-γ水平均呈显著正相关.结论输卵管组织IL-18 mRNA表达在初次感染后早期即显著增多,并呈逐渐升高的趋势;感染后IL-18 mRNA基因表达对IFN-γ的生成具有重要影响.     

阿奇霉素对沙眼衣原体感染后生殖道黏膜免疫反应的影响

目的 研究阿奇霉素治疗生殖道沙眼衣原体感染过程中对局部黏膜免疫反应的影响,为其临床应用提供新的实验依据.方法 构建小鼠生殖道沙眼衣原体感染模型,随机分为生理盐水组和阿奇霉素组.阿奇霉素组一次性给予阿奇霉素（80mg/kg）,生理盐水组给予等量生理盐水.给药当天、给药第7天、给药第14天和给药第21天,阴道拭子取宫颈脱落细胞,分离沙眼衣原体.给药21天,处死动物.收集血清,ELISA测定血清IL-6和TNF-α水平,同时进行阴道、宫颈黏膜常规HE染色和肥大细胞甲苯胺蓝染色、树突状细胞免疫组织化学分析.结果 1.阿奇霉素组沙眼衣原体感染率明显低于生理盐水组,且未出现上行感染（P〈0.05）.2.阿奇霉素组生殖道黏膜内树突状细胞数量增加（P〈0.05）,肥大细胞数量无明显变化（P〈0.05）.3.阿奇霉素组血清内IL-6和TNF-α的水平,均高于对照组和生理盐水组（P〈0.05）.结论 阿奇霉素除了有效清除生殖道沙眼衣原体感染,亦可以调节生殖道黏膜的免疫反应,减轻免疫病理损伤,使沙眼衣原体感染有较好的预后.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.