草鱼野生和养殖群体间遗传变异的微卫星分析

运用微卫星标记对江苏境内草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidella)一个野生群体(邗江群体)和两个养殖群体(淡水中心群体和无锡前洲群体)遗传多样性进行了分析。在10个座位中,每个座位检测到的等位基因数2~8个。有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、期望杂合度、平均表观杂合度均以邗江草鱼野生群体最高,分别为3·9、0·5068、0·6939、0·7;无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体最低,分别为2·2、0·1796、0·5235、0·5286;淡水中心草鱼养殖群体各参数均介于两者之间,分别为3·5、0·2902、0·5418、0·5429。以上结果表明:草鱼野生群体遗传多样性更为丰富,而草鱼养殖群体存在杂合度降低,遗传多样性下降的现象。邗江草鱼野生群体与淡水中心草鱼养殖群体和无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数分别为0·219和0·246,而两个草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数为0·034。这表明草鱼野生群体与草鱼养殖群体间分化严重,而草鱼养殖群体间分化微弱。各座位分化程度的χ2检验结果表明,10个座位中有GM18、MFW1-1、MFW1-2三个座位群体间分化达到极显著水平,GM03-2、MFW5两个座位群体间分化差异显著,其他座位分化不显著。针对每个座位对各群体进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验发现:由于草鱼养殖群体在GM03-1、GM03-2、GM18三个位点杂合子缺失,草鱼野生群体在位点GM19杂合子过剩而严重偏离平衡。实验表明:近交容易引起草鱼遗传多样性下降,纯合速度加快。     

草鱼野生和养殖群体间遗传变异的微卫星分析

运用微卫星标记对江苏境内草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)一个野生群体(邗江群体)和两个养殖群体(淡水中心群体和无锡前洲群体)遗传多样性进行了分析。在10个座位中，每个座位检测到的等位基因数2～8个。有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、期望杂合度、平均表观杂合度均以邗江草鱼野生群体最高，分别为3.9、0.506 8、0.693 9、0.7；无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体最低，分别为2.2、0.179 6、0.523 5、0.528 6；淡水中心草鱼养殖群体各参数均介于两者之间，分别为3.5、0.290 2、0.541 8、0.542 9。以上结果表明：草鱼野生群体遗传多样性更为丰富，而草鱼养殖群体存在杂合度降低，遗传多样性下降的现象。邗江草鱼野生群体与淡水中心草鱼养殖群体和无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数分别为0.219和0.246，而两个草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数为0.034。这表明草鱼野生群体与草鱼养殖群体间分化严重，而草鱼养殖群体间分化微弱。各座位分化程度的χ2检验结果表明，10个座位中有GM18、MFW1-1、MFW1-2三个座位群体间分化达到极显著水平，GM03-2、MFW5两个座位群体间分化差异显著，其他座位分化不显著。针对每个座位对各群体进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验发现：由于草鱼养殖群体在GM03-1、GM03-2、GM18三个位点杂合子缺失，草鱼野生群体在位点GM19杂合子过剩而严重偏离平衡。实验表明：近交容易引起草鱼遗传多样性下降，纯合速度加快。     

利用微卫星标记对四带无须鲃不同种群的遗传质量评价

目的分析四带无须鲃封闭群及近交群的遗传质量。方法筛选多态性丰富的四带无须鲃微卫星序列,通过构建两个多重PCR反应体系再利用毛细管电泳技术进行分型,开展群体遗传多样性分析。结果野生群、WT封闭群、BT封闭群及近交群的平均等位基因数分别为6.5833、3.1667、3.0833和3.1818,平均多态信息含量分别为0.5969、0.3748、0.4159和0.4241。群体遗传质量检测分析表明:4个群体间遗传分化结果和近交群由野生群、封闭群逐渐筛选获得的过程相符。结论筛选的微卫星标记可用于四带无须鲃不同群体的遗传质量分析,为其遗传质量控制及监测提供方法基础。     

应用微卫星标记分析圈养大熊猫遗传多样性

以来源于成都大熊猫繁育研究基地和中国保护大熊猫研究中心的34只圈养大熊猫(分为a群体和b群体)和7只圈养野生大熊猫(圈养野生群)作为研究对象,利用AY161177～AY161218、Ame-μ5～Ame-μ70和g001～g905等30个微卫星标记对其遗传多样性现状进行分析,并探讨保持圈养大熊猫遗传多样性的方法.微卫星数据表明,30个微卫星标记多态性好(PIC=0.621～0.640),圈养大熊猫遗传多样性水平(a群体:A=5.48,Ho=0.475,He=0.696;b群体:A=5.24,Ho=0.453,He=0.719;圈养野生群:A=3.80,Ho=0.514,He=0.725)高于6个濒危物种(Ho=0.210～0.390,He=0.150～0.430)但低于3个非濒危物种(Ho=0.620～0.710),圈养大熊猫遗传多样性水平都保持在较高水平,但圈养群遗传多样性水平与圈养野生群相比有所降低.F统计量及基因流Nm分析结果证明,a、b两群体间遗传分化程度不高(Nm=2.610,Fst=0.0874,Fit=0.4116),存在个体交换和一定程度的近交,b群体近交程度高于a群体(a群体Fis=0.3221,b群体Fis=0.3983).因此,现阶段圈养大熊猫的管理重点是避免近交和遗传多样性丧失,将圈养大熊猫种群作为同一管理单元,把纠正大熊猫系谱中的错误、科学选择大熊猫个体进行群体间交流作为关键点,利用微卫星技术保持和提高大熊猫种群的遗传多样性水平.     

长江中下游黄鳝遗传多样性的微卫星分析

为了解我国长江中下游地区野生黄鳝(Monopterus albus)的种质资源现状,利用黄鳝微卫星分子标记分析我国长江中下游4个黄鳝野生群体(湖北群体、安徽群体、江苏群体和浙江群体)的遗传多样性水平.通过磁珠富集法获得50个黄鳝徽卫星序列,设计并合成了30对微卫星引物,经筛选得到8对多态性稳定的引物,均为高度多态位点.每对引物扩增得到等位基因数12 -26,平均等位基因数17.4个群体的平均多态信息含量分别为0.804、0.864、0.824和0.736,平均等位基因数分别为9.13、11.00、9.00和7.25,平均期望杂合度分别为0.865、0.918、0.882和0.813,表明4个黄鳝群体遗传多样性丰富,其中安徽群体遗传多样性水平最高,浙江群体相对较低.4个群体间遗传分化指数(FsT)为0.031 2-0.096 5,6.28％的遗传变异存在于群体间,表明4个群体间存在一定的遗传分化.聚类分析显示,浙江群体与安徽群体先聚在一起,再与江苏群体聚为一支,湖北群体单独聚为一支.     

7个地方山羊品种遗传多样性及遗传结构分析

检测了7个地方山羊群体在15个微卫星位点的遗传多样性和遗传结构,旨为地方山羊群体的保护利用奠定基础。采集燕山绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊、承德无角山羊、济宁青山羊、太行山羊、武安山羊血液样品及内蒙古绒山羊的耳组织,利用微卫星方法分析遗传多样性及遗传结构。结果表明,7个山羊群体的平均有效等位基因数为4.235 8、平均期望杂合度为0.718 8、平均多态信息含量为0.706 8,均具有高度的遗传多样性;总群体平均近交系数为0.088 3,平均遗传分化系数为0.544 2,平均基因流为0.209 4。武安山羊和承德无角山羊的遗传距离最近,太行山羊和燕山绒山羊的遗传距离最远。系统进化树聚类分析表明,燕山绒山羊与辽宁绒山羊聚为一类,济宁青山羊、承德无角山羊、武安山羊、内蒙古绒山羊和太行山羊聚为一类。综上,7个地方山羊群体遗传多样性丰富,群体间遗传分化程度大,基因交流少,受近交程度影响小,具有较高的利用价值和潜力。     

广西本地鲢和长丰鲢群体遗传多样性分析

本研究采用32个微卫星标记分析广西本地鲢和长丰鲢两个群体的遗传差异,计算并统计其微卫星遗传参数。结果显示:32个微卫星标记广西本地鲢鱼和长丰鲢群体共检测到等位基因119个,其中两群体所共有为88个;平均观测等位基因数为2.937 5和3.406 2;平均有效等位基因数为1.787 3和2.074 7;多态信息含量(PIC)在0～0.727 1和0～0.748 4之间,平均值为0.293 6和0.360 0,表明两个群体的遗传多样性均不高。两群体平均观测杂合度为0.373 9和0.559 7,平均期望杂合度为0.327 1和0.413 3,均表现为本地鲢群体低于长丰鲢群体,说明两个群体的均不高,并且广西本地鲢群体的遗传多样性低于长丰鲢群体;两个鲢鱼群体间的遗传距离和遗传相似系数分别为0.297 7和0.742 5,表明两个鲢鱼群体间的遗传差异不大。两个群体的遗传分化系数(Fst)在不同微卫星位点间差异明显,平均0.171 7。本研究为广西地方鱼类种质资源保护和利用提供了理论依据。     

肖四海湖野生和人工放流鳜群体遗传结构分析

采用微卫星标记研究天然封闭型水体肖四海内鳜放流群体与野生群体的遗传差异,试图从分子水平探讨人工增殖放流群体与野生群体遗传结构的差异。结果表明:鳜两个群体在10对微卫星座位共发现有50个等位基因。其中,放流群体发现有22个等位基因,野生群体发现37个等位基因;通过He和PIC统计发现,野生群体遗传多样性明显高于放流增殖鳜,野生鳜群体表现出更丰富的遗传多样性;由杂合度检验可以看出,两个群体都呈现杂合过剩现象,经哈代-温伯格平衡检验,显示两个群体均显著偏离哈代-温伯格平衡(P0.001),属于连锁不平衡群体;群体间的FST检验,可以看出群体间的FST高于0.25,反映遗传变异主要存在于群体间,而不是群体内部,这充分反映近交及瓶颈效应会引起养殖群体遗传结构的改变,从而导致群体间的遗传分化。       

采用微卫星标记分析10个双峰驼群体的遗传变异和群体间的遗传关系

为从分子水平上对我国双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)群体的遗传多样性、群体间遗传关系、群体遗传分化及近交情况进行全面、系统地研究,为双峰驼种质资源保护和新品种培育提供基础数据,本文利用18对微卫星引物,分析了我国9个双峰驼群体和1个蒙古双峰驼群体的遗传多样性和遗传关系。结果显示:10个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,共检测到242个等位基因,平均等位基因数为13.44,平均有效等位基因数为4.18,平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.5528。10个群体间存在显著的遗传分化,有9.6%的遗传变异来自群体间,90.4%的遗传变异来自群体内部的个体间。聚类分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构分析结果都表明10个群体被分成2个明显的分支,新疆4个群体单独聚为一类,剩下的6个群体聚为一类。这一结果可能与它们的地理分布和群体间的地理屏障有关。     

大鳞副泥鳅5个野生群体的遗传多样性分析

利用微卫星分子标记分析了天津地区于桥水库、大黄堡湿地、七里海湿地、团泊水库和潮白新河5个野生大鳞副泥鳅群体的遗传多样性。5个群体在12个微卫星位点共检测到98个等位基因,平均等位基因数为8.500;有效等位基因数为2.713;平均观测杂合度为0.526;平均期望杂合度为0.544。5个群体间的遗传分化指数介于0.021~0.106之间,平均遗传分化指数为0.059,属中低水平的遗传分化。AMOVA分析结果显示,在总的变异中,94.1%的遗传变异来自群体内,5.90%的遗传变异来自于群体间。根据Nei’s遗传距离所绘制的系统树显示,于桥水库、团泊水库、七里海湿地和大黄堡湿地4个群体的遗传距离相对较小聚为一支,潮白新河群体单独为一支。遗传瓶颈效应分析表明,该5个群体近期未经受遗传瓶颈效应,处于突变-漂移平衡。总体来看,天津地区5个野生大鳞副泥鳅群体的遗传多样性较高,可作为品种选育的基础群体。     

A reintroduced lake sturgeon population comes of age: A genetic evaluation of stocking success in the St. Louis River

Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) have experienced significant declines throughout the Great Lakes, leading to stocking efforts at some locations to reestablish extirpated populations. Given the late sexual maturity of the species, assessment of stocking program success is often delayed. Lake sturgeon were extirpated from the St. Louis River in western Lake Superior. Stocking began in 1983 and continued until 1994, using the Wolf River (Lake Winnebago) in the Lake Michigan basin as the source. Stocking resumed from 1998 to 2000, using the Sturgeon River in Lake Superior as the source. Our objectives were to (a) determine the movement patterns of stocked Wolf River sturgeon, (b) determine whether stocked individuals are migrating into natural spawning populations during the spawning season, (c) identify the origins of individuals captured in the St. Louis River, and (d) assess the genetic diversity of the reintroduced St. Louis River population. All collected samples were analyzed using 12 microsatellite loci, followed by genetic assignment testing to achieve the first three objectives. Genetic diversity was compared to natural spawning populations in Lake Superior. The highest proportion of stocked Wolf River lake sturgeon was detected in western Lake Superior, close to the stocking site. However, individuals were detected throughout Lake Superior. Wolf River individuals were detected in most of the spawning populations in Lake Superior, with the greatest number in the Sturgeon River and the Goulais River. The majority of individuals captured in the St. Louis River were of stocked origin (88.1%), with 73.5% from the Wolf River and 14.6% from the Sturgeon River. These observed proportions differed from the expected proportions based on the number of sturgeon released from each source (χ² = 55.37, p < 0.00001), with a higher representation of Sturgeon River individuals. Evidence of natural recolonization in the St. Louis River was detected from Lake Huron and Goulais River individuals. Genetic diversity of the St. Louis River population was comparable to levels observed in the remnant natural populations in Lake Superior. However, the effective population size of the St. Louis River was small (N_e = 38.1) and average relatedness among individuals was relatively high (r = 0.151). Monitoring of movement of stocked Wolf River sturgeon throughout Lake Superior should continue, with careful attention to the potential for outbreeding depression in remnant populations. Genetic diversity of the St. Louis River population should also continue to be monitored to see if it improves with increased natural reproduction.     

黑龙江水系不同倍性鲫鱼的遗传多样性

摘要: 利用12对微卫星标记对黑龙江水系6个野生鲫鱼不同倍性群体进行遗传结构分析。结果表明: 6个采集群体的平均等位基因数为5.8~6.8, 平均有效等位基因数为2.8~4.6, 平均期望杂合度为0.5592~0.6962, 平均多态信息含量为0.5962~0.6481, 说明这几个群体遗传多样性水平较高。根据d值, 各群体均有不同程度的偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的现象, 均表现为杂合度过度。Kruskal-Wallis 检验表明两种倍性、6个采集群体鲫鱼遗传多样性差异不显著, 没有发现三倍体鲫由于倍性增加而出现额外的等位基因片段。群体间基因分化系数(GST)为0.0398, 表明群体间存在轻度遗传分化。聚类分析表明, 同水体两种鲫鱼亲缘关系最近, 不同采集群体间松花江与乌苏里江分化最小, 月亮湾与新荒泡其次, 双凤水库群体分化最大     

High male incidence and evolutionary implications of triploid form in northeast Asia Carassius auratus complex

Carassius auratus complex is believed to originate from East Eurasia and consist of diploid and triploid forms. Diploid form reproduces sexually, whereas triploid form possesses mixture modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, which makes it a unique case to study evolutionary issues among vertebrates. In this study, we identified 337 triploid individuals from 386 specimens of Carassius auratus complex sampled from 4 different sites of Xingkai Lake and Suifen River on the northeast Asia transboundary areas of Russia and China, and found that triploids were ubiquitous, whereas diploids existed only in SII site of Suifen River. Triploid males were detected in all surveyed sites, and an unusually high triploid male incidence (23%) was found in the Chinese reach of Suifen River. Then, nuclear and cytoplasmic markers were used to analyze their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship. A total of 61 distinct tf alleles and 35 mtDNA CR haplotypes were revealed. Higher genetic diversity and divergence were confirmed in triploids than in diploids, and identical genetic background between triploid males and females was demonstrated. Moreover, evolutionary implications and roles of triploid males were suggested in population proliferation and diversity creation of the triploid form.     

Genetic diversity of common carp from two largest Chinese lakes and the Yangtze River revealed by microsatellite markers

Six polymorphic microsatellites (eight loci) were used to study the genetic diversity and population structure of common carp from Dongting Lake (DTC), Poyang Lake (PYC), and the Yangtze River (YZC) in China. The gene diversity was high among populations with values close to 1. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11, and the average number of alleles among 3 populations ranged from 6.5 to 7.9. The mean observed (H _O) and expected (H _E) heterozygosity ranged from 0.4888 to 0.5162 and from 0.7679 to 0.7708, respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium expectation were found at majority of the loci and in all three populations in which heterozygote deficits were apparent. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the percent of variance among populations and within populations were 3.03 and 96.97, respectively. The Fst values between populations indicated that there were significant genetic differentiations for the common carp populations from the Yangtze River and two largest Chinese freshwater lakes. The factors that may result in genetic divergence and significant reduction of the observed heterozygosity were discussed.     

Genetic characterization and management of the endangered Mohave tui chub

The Mohave tui chub (Siphateles bicolor mohavensis) is the only fish native to the Mojave River, California. The fish were displaced by introduced arroyo chubs (Gila orcutti) throughout most of their range, starting in the 1930s. Two potentially relictual populations and two transplanted populations were genetically characterized using 12 microsatellite DNA loci, along with contemporary cyprinid populations in the Mojave River. We found only un-hybridized Mohave tui chubs in the refuge populations, and only un-hybridized arroyo chubs in the Mojave River. The two largest Mohave tui chub populations (Lake Tuendae and China Lake) exhibit similar, comparatively high genetic variation. Another large population (Camp Cady) with low genetic diversity shows the effect of a bottleneck of ten individuals during the historic founding event. The fourth population (MC Spring) has the fewest alleles, lowest heterozygosity, and is the most divergent, suggesting that genetic drift from a persistently low effective population size has reduced genetic diversity since its apparent isolation in 1934. We recommend instituting artificial gene flow to rebuild genetic variation in Camp Cady from both Lake Tuendae and China Lake, and the establishment of new populations with founders from both Lake Tuendae and China Lake. Additionally, we comment on the infeasibility of restoring populations of Mohave tui chub in their historic habitats.     

Genetic diversity and population structure of white-spotted charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis, in the Lake Biwa water system inferred from AFLP analysis

The genetic variations—and the time dependence of such variations—of natural populations of the white-spotted charr ,Salvelinus leucomaenis, in the Lake Biwa water system as well as those of a hatchery-reared population were inferred from AFLP. Upon the application of principal coordinate analysis using 118 polymorphic AFLP fragments based on the Jaccard similarity index, specimens of each of six natural local populations from the inlet rivers of Lake Biwa grouped roughly together, suggesting that each local population was genetically differentiated. The hatchery-reared population was shown to be closely related to the local population in the Seri River, suggesting that the Seri River population originated from hatchery-reared charr due to extensive stocking. Furthermore, specimens of the Yasu River grouped in a somewhat different position from the other natural populations, agreeing well with its geographic distance from the other populations. The nucleotide diversities of six natural populations (Harihata River, Ishida River, two reaches of the Takatoki River, Ane River, and Yasu River) in 2002 or 2003 were relatively low (π = 0.067–0.146%) compared with that of the Seri River (0.278%) and the hatchery-reared charr (0.316%). The nucleotide diversity in the five local populations (Ishida River, two reaches of the Takatoki River, Ane River, and Yasu River) remained at a low level from 1994 to 2002/2003, but only the nucleotide diversity in the Harihata River actually decreased. From 1994 to 2002/2003, the nucleotide diversity in the Seri River remained at a higher level among the natural populations from 1994 to 2002/2003; it was enhanced by the artificial release of hatchery-reared charr before 1994. In order to conserve the genetic diversity of the white-spotted charr in the Lake Biwa water system, it is necessary to prevent the stocking of hatchery-reared charr in reaches where hatchery-reared charr have not previously been stocked.     

Genetic diversity of two Southern African cichlids (Oreochromis andersonii and O. macrochir) in the Zambezi and Congo River basins

Oreochromis andersonii and O. macrochir are two important cichlid species native to Southern Africa. We describe in this paper their genetic population structure in the Upper Zambezi River, Kafue River, and Lake Bangweulu representing part of the Congo and Zambezi River Basins. Microsatellite genetic markers were employed to analyse the genetic population structure of the two species using 177 tissue samples. The average allele richness of O. andersonii was higher in the Zambezi River (10.500) than in the Kafue River (9.583) though not statistically different. For O. macrochir, it was highest in the Zambezi River (11.170) followed by the Kafue River (9.781) and least in Lake Bangweulu (7.067) and their differences were significant. The gene diversity indices; gene diversity (hs), observed heterozygosity (H_O), expected heterozygosity (H_E) were high and similar in O. andersonii populations. However, in O. macrochir H_E was significantly lower in Lake Bangweulu (0.678) compared to the Kafue River (0.799) and Zambezi River (0.802) populations. Population differentiation estimated by R_ST and D_EST revealed high differentiation in both species (R_ST = 0.598, D_EST = 0.777 for O. andersonii; R_ST = 0.379, D_EST = 0.710 for O. macrochir). The highest source of variation was among populations (84.71%) for O. andersonii and within populations (67.09%) for O. macrochir. Comparisons of population pairs revealed a close genetic similarity between the Zambezi River and Lake Bangweulu populations of O. macrochir. Bottlenecks were observed in both species using the Two-Phase Model (T.P.M.) indicative of a recent genetic loss or reduction in effective population size. Though our results indicate that the populations of both species still maintain sufficiently high levels of genetic diversity in the sampled areas, the bottlenecks observed are a source of concern. We recommend a more robust study of genetic diversity of these species in all sections of these river systems and that some key conservation sites should be identified to protect the gene pool of these native species.     

黄河裸裂尻鱼群体遗传结构和Cyt b序列变异

测定了来自黄河上游和柴达木盆地托索湖的裸裂尻鱼共16个个体的Cytb基因全序列(1141bp),探讨了种群结构和遗传多样性。用MEGA2.1软件分析了碱基组成和序列变异;以青海湖裸鲤、花斑裸鲤和极边扁咽齿鱼为外类群,用PAUP*4.0b10程序构建了单倍型NJ树;用Arlequin Ver.2000程序计算了群体间遗传变异值(Fst)和Nm值以及群体分化概率值。结果显示,来自柴达木水系托索湖的裸裂尻鱼没有形成单系群,Fst=0.204(P0.05),Nm=1.95。初步判断,黄河和柴达木水系托索湖的裸裂尻鱼未显著分化,支持将柴达木裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis kessleri)归并入黄河裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis pylzovi)的形态学结果。两种群核苷酸多样度()分别为0.0012和0.0026,表现为较低水平。根据校正的分子钟推测,黄河和托索湖裸裂尻鱼群体分歧时间为距今7万年左右的更新世末期,结合地理分布的资料和古地质事件,对黄河裸裂尻鱼群体分布水系间的历史联系进行了分析。       

长江中下游湖泊短颌鲚线粒体控制区遗传多样性分析

为探明长江中下游不同湖泊中短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)遗传多样性水平和遗传分化程度,以洞庭湖、长湖、巢湖3个地理群体作为研究对象,采用线粒体控制区序列为分子标记,分别应用软件Dna SP 5.0、Arlequin3.1.1、MEGA5.0和Network 5.1进行了遗传参数统计和单倍型间分子变异分析(AMOVA),构建邻接系统树及单倍型网络图。对长江中下游短颌鲚野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析。结果显示,用来分析的1 236 bp D-loop区序列中共90个变异位点,54个简约信息位点。长江中下游3个地理群体中共发现58个单倍型,单倍型多样性(h)范围0.949~0.982,核苷酸多样性范围0.004 99~0.006 21,说明长江中下游3个湖泊短颌鲚地理群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平。3个短颌鲚地理群体遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.265 95,呈现出中等程度的分化水平,主要表现在巢湖群体与其他群体之间处于中等程度分化水平。依据遗传距离构建系统发育树及单倍型网络图也出现相类似结果。     

长江中下游不同地理种群鳜遗传结构研究

以长江、通江湖泊(洞庭湖、鄱阳湖)、陆封型湖泊(牛山湖、涨度湖、汤逊湖、肖四海湖)不同水体鳜为研究材料,利用微卫星遗传标记对其种群遗传结构进行分析,结果表明:由期望杂合度(He)和多态信息含量指数(PIC)检测的遗传多样性由大到小的顺序为:长江、通江湖泊群体>无放流陆封型湖泊群体>放流的陆封型湖泊群体,并且发现一些稀有等位基因位点在陆封型湖泊鳜群体中消失;由杂合度检验可以看出,所有群体在绝大多数位点都呈现杂合过剩现象,经过哈代-温伯格平衡检验,显示均显著偏离哈代-温伯格平衡(Pst为0.2727,显示群体间已发生较大遗传分化,其变异主要体现在通江湖泊和陆封型湖泊之间,同时由于陆封型湖泊之间放流管理模式的不同,亦会产生中度分化。研究结果表明,江湖阻隔是造成定居性鱼类鳜种群间遗传分化的重要原因之一。