桃儿七联合伊马替尼对慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞增殖的影响

该文探讨了桃儿七联合伊马替尼对慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞增殖的影响。采用桃儿七、伊马替尼(imatinib, IM)单独和联合处理K562细胞, CCK8法和克隆形成实验检测药物对K562细胞生长抑制的影响;流式细胞术检测药物处理之后K562细胞周期的变化;间接免疫荧光法以及蛋白印迹法检测药物对BCR-ABL及其下游JAK/STAT信号通路相关分子的影响。结果显示,与桃儿七或IM单用相比,两药连用能更有效地抑制K562细胞的生长及克隆形成,能将K562细胞周期有效地阻滞在G2/M期。BCR-ABL融合蛋白及其下游STAT5信号通路分子表达及磷酸化水平明显减少。以上结果表明,桃儿七和低浓度IM联合处理具有协同效应,能有效地抑制K562细胞的增殖,其机制可能与细胞周期阻滞和BCR-ABL-JAK-STAT5信号通路抑制有关。     

氧化苦参碱对K562肿瘤细胞增殖的影响

目的:研究氧化苦参碱(OM)对人白血痛细胞系K562生长增殖的影响.方法:运用MTT比色法、活细胞计数法、集落形成法以及透射电镜观察检测OM对人白血病细胞系K562增殖抑制作用.结果:MTT实验、生长曲线及集落形成实验显示OM能明显抑制K562细胞的增殖.随着OM浓度的增加,K562细胞存活细胞显著降低,呈现明显的刺量依赖性,经相关分析,细胞抑制率与OM浓度呈正相关(r=0.9010),其半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.33 mg/ml.透射电镜下显示在低浓度即有明显的诱导细胞凋亡的作用,出现核固缩、核碎裂、凋亡小体等典型的凋亡形态.结论:OM具有抑制K562白血病细胞增殖诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用.     

氧化苦参碱对骨髓来源细胞生长的双向调节作用

目的:观察氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine,OMT)对骨髓来源细胞增殖的影响.方法:应用MTr比色法、流式细胞仪检测法、集落形成法和免疫细胞活性测定等方法,检测OMT对白血病细胞K562的抑制作用;骨髓造血干细胞的集落形成实验和脾细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤的生物活性试验,检测OMT对小鼠免疫和造血的影响.结果:(1)不同浓度的OMT可明显抑制白血病细胞K562细胞的增殖、集落形成,导致细胞凋亡(P＜0.05),且作用呈浓度依赖性.(2)OMT可以促进小鼠骨髓粒系造血,且在0.2475 mg/mL时达到峰值.(3)OMT可抑制小鼠的免疫功能.结论:OMT可抑制白血病K562细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,同时抑制小鼠的免疫功能,促进小鼠骨髓CFU-GM的形成,表现出对骨髓来源细胞生长的双向调节作用.     

敲除LSD1基因对人慢性髓系白血病K562细胞周期的影响

为了探讨敲除LSD1基因后抑制人慢性髓系白血病 K562细胞增殖的原因,使用前期CRISPR/Cas9技术构建的人慢性髓系白血病 K562 LSD1基因敲除株,通过细胞凋亡Annexin V/PI（碘化丙啶）双染色、细胞PI染色以及流式细胞术技术,探究敲除LSD1基因后,K562细胞的凋亡水平是否改变,细胞周期是否受到影响。结果表明敲除LSD1基因后K562细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期,进入DNA复制期的细胞变少,因此导致细胞增殖速度减慢;通过细胞凋亡Annexin V/PI双染色并分析早期以及晚期凋亡细胞总比例,显示敲除LSD1基因后,不影响K562细胞的凋亡。研究结果表明,敲除LSD1基因后人慢性髓系白血病 K562细胞的增殖受到抑制,这是由于K562细胞增殖周期发生了改变,进入DNA复制期和分裂期的细胞减少;而与细胞凋亡水平的变化无关。     

DADS 上调K562 细胞p21WAF1 表达对细胞生长阻抑和凋亡 的实验研究

目的:探讨二烯丙基二硫(DADS)对体外培养的人白血病细胞系K562细胞生长阻抑和凋亡作用及机制。方法:采用MTT分析法检测细胞活性、流式细胞术分析细胞周期及凋亡率、免疫组化检测p21WAF1基因表达。结果:1).DADS在10mg/L～80 mg/L范围内,对K562细胞的抑制作用呈剂量-时间依赖效应;2).不同浓度DADS作用于K562细胞24h后,细胞周期发生了变化:DADS可以将K562细胞阻滞于G2/M期;3).DADS浓度在10mg/L～80mg/L时作用K562细胞24h后,凋亡率逐渐升高,有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);4).用浓度分别为0mg/L,20mg/L,40mg/L,80mg/L处理K562细胞24h后,p21WAF1蛋白表达上调,有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),溶媒组和阴性对照组无差别(P>0.05)。结论:DADS有抑制K562细胞增殖和促进K562细胞凋亡的作用。其作用的可能机制与上调细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂p21WAF1表达,从而诱使k562细胞阻滞于G2/M期有关。     

滑子菇多糖的体外生物活性初步研究

为了研究滑子菇水提粗多糖(PNP)的体外生物活性,对滑子菇多糖的总还原力、清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和由Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用进行研究,采用MTT比色法和胎盘蓝细胞计数检测对滑子菇水提粗多糖的体外抑制K562细胞生长作用进行了研究,采用流失细胞术对滑子菇多糖作用人白血病K562细胞后的细胞周期进行了研究。结果表明:滑子菇水提粗多糖PNP具有一定的还原能力;在高质量浓度(800μg/mL)时具有接近于Vc清除DPPH·的能力,达41.28%;PNP对Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应具有一定的抑制作用,并且随着浓度的增加抑制作用逐渐增强,但总的增长趋势不大;MTT实验表明PNP对K562细胞的体外增长有抑制作用,在质量浓度为800μg/mL和作用时间为48 h时,可达到最高的抑制率35.03%。流式细胞术对细胞周期的检测表明滑子菇多糖能够阻滞人白血病K562细胞于G1期。     

Antizyme1基因转染对K562细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

研究鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶蛋白对人红白血病K562细胞增殖、三氧化二砷（ As2O3）诱导凋亡时的影响。方法: 定点突变技术构建缺失frameshift位点的pEGFP-N1-AZ1-mutation重组表达载体。脂质体法转染K562细胞,通过G418筛选获得稳定表达antizyme1的K562pAZ1m细胞系。采用不同浓度的As2O3处理细胞,通过MTT法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术分析细胞周期及凋亡变化。并通过RT-PCR方法检测antiyme1转染对cyclin D1和survivin基因表达的影响。结果：获得稳定表达antizyme1的K562-AZ1m细胞株后,其增殖能力明显减慢。CyclinD1基因表达降低,细胞主要停滞于G0/G1期。在 As2O3的诱导作用下,细胞凋亡增多,survivin基因表达降低。结论：AZ1基因能够抑制K562细胞增殖,通过对cyclinD1的负调控使细胞周期停滞于G0/G1期。并可能通过下调survivin表达来加强 As2O3对其的诱导凋亡作用     

探讨髓系白血病细胞株糖酵解表型特征

探讨髓系白血病细胞株的糖酵解表型特征及其潜在的调控机制。葡萄糖试剂盒和乳酸试剂盒分别检测5株白血病细胞培养上清液中的葡萄糖消耗（G）和乳酸生成含量（L）,计算L／G比值来评估糖酵解水平：定量PCR检测糖酵解相关基因GLUT、MCTlmRNA表达;CCK8法检测细胞体外增殖能力;Western blot检测NAKT蛋白磷酸化水平。结果显示,KG1和K562细胞体外培养24h后的L／G比值分别为1．78和1．71,接近糖酵解表型时L／G为2的比值,同时这两株细胞高表达糖酵解相关基因GLUTl和MCT1mRNA。低糖（0．5mmol／L）、中糖（5mmol／L）、高糖（10mmol／L）处理KGla和K562细胞40h后,两株细胞的增殖能力、葡萄糖消耗和乳酸生成随葡萄糖浓度增加而增强,高糖组增加更为显著（P〈0．05）。相反,若糖酵解抑制剂2-DG（0,5,10mmol／L）处理白血病细胞40h后,两株细胞的增殖能力及糖酵解代谢水平随2．DG浓度增加而降低,高浓度2．DG组（10mmol／L）降低更为显著（P〈0．05）。此外,AKT抑制剂低浓度（5gmol／L）短时间（12h）处理后能抑制白血病细胞AKT蛋白磷酸化水平,同时降低细胞的葡萄糖消耗和乳酸生成（P〈0．05）。该研究提示髓系白血病细胞具有高糖酵解表型,AKT可能参与调控白血病的糖代谢过程,这有助于阐明白血病的能量代谢特征以及为白血病的靶向抗代谢治疗奠定基础。     

MNP- hTR 复合物对K562 细胞增殖影响的实验研究

探讨MNP-端粒酶反义寡核苷酸复合物,对K562细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。应用荧光显微镜检测法和集落形成法,分别观察了凋亡细胞的形态学变化和细胞增殖能力。MNP-端粒酶反义核酸复合物可诱导K562细胞凋亡和抑制细胞增殖,两实验组数值经统计学处理,具有非常显著性差异（p分别〈O．001）。由此认为,MNP-端粒酶反义核酸复合物对K562白血病细胞具有促进凋亡的作用,此效果与剂量呈依赖性关系（r=0．992）。     

胡桃楸提取液对肿瘤细胞细胞周期的影响

目的考察胡桃楸提取液对Hela和K562细胞周期的影响。方法用流式细胞仪分析胡桃楸提取液对Hela、K562细胞细胞周期的影响。结果胡桃楸提取物体外作用于Hela细胞可引起细胞周期在S期的停滞,这种效果随药物浓度和作用时间的增加而增加,胡桃楸提取物体外作用于K562细胞,可引起细胞周期在G1期的停滞,随药物浓度的增加而增加。结论胡桃楸提取液对Hela细胞的生长抑制作用可能通过S期阻滞实现,对K562细胞抑制作用可能通过G1期阻滞实现。     

Knockdown of insulin receptor substrate 1 reduces proliferation and downregulates Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways in K562 cells

BCR-ABL kinase activates downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K-Akt/mTOR and the MAPK pathway. IRS1 has been previously described as constitutively phosphorylated and associated with BCR-ABL in K562 cells, suggesting that IRS1 has role in the BCR-ABL signaling pathways. In this study, we analyzed the effect of IRS1 silencing, by shRNA-lentiviral delivery, in K562 cells, a CML cell line that presents the BCR-ABL. IRS1 silencing decreased cell proliferation and colony formation in K562 cells, which correlates with the delay of these cells at the G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, IRS1 silencing in K562 cells resulted in a decrease of Akt, P70S6K and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Nevertheless, apoptosis was unaffected by IRS1 knockdown and no alterations were found in the phosphorylation of BAD and in the expression of BCL2 and BAX. BCR-ABL and CRKL phosphorylation levels remained unaffected upon IRS1 silencing, and no synergistic effect was observed with imatinib treatment and IRS1 knockdown, indicating that IRS1 is downstream from BCR-ABL. In conclusion, we demonstrated that inhibition of IRS1 is capable of inducing the downregulation of Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways and further decreasing proliferation, and clonogenicity and induces to cell cycle delay at G0/G1 phase in BCR-ABL cells.     

Toyocamycin specifically inhibits auxin signaling mediated by SCF pathway

The auxins, plant hormones, play a crucial role in many aspects of plant development by regulating cell division, elongation and differentiation. Toyocamycin, a nucleoside-type antibiotic, was identified as auxin signaling inhibitor in a screen of microbial extracts for inhibition of the auxin-inducible reporter gene assay. Toyocamycin specifically inhibited auxin-responsive gene expression, but did not affect other hormone-inducible gene expression. Toyocamycin also blocked auxin-enhanced degradation of the Aux/IAA repressor modulated by the SCF(TIR1) ubiquitin-proteasome pathway without inhibiting proteolytic activity of proteasome. Furthermore, toyocamycin inhibited auxin-induced lateral root formation and epinastic growth of cotyledon in the Arabidopsis thaliana plant. This evidence suggested that toyocamycin would act on the ubiquitination process regulated by SCF(TIR1) machineries. To address the structural requirements for the specific activity of toyocamycin on auxin signaling, the structure-activity relationships of nine toyocamycin-related compounds, including sangivamycin and tubercidin, were investigated.     

HTm4基因在造血细胞周期调控中的作用

为了研究HTm4基因在造血细胞细胞周期调控中的作用,以佛波酯(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,PMA)诱导K562细胞分化为模型,利用流式细胞术(FACS)及半定量RT-PCR对分化过程中细胞周期的变化及HTm4基因的表达进行了分析,并利用Tet-Off调控表达系统,将HTm4基因以及C端功能域缺失的HTm4-ct转染K562细胞,观察对细胞周期的影响。结果表明,PMA同时引起了K562细胞的增殖和分化,G0／G1期细胞的比例以及HTm4基因的表达均呈现出波浪形的变化趋势,说明HTm4基因可能参与了细胞退出细胞周期的过程。HTm4基因转染后引起K562细胞滞留于G0／G1期,但C端功能域缺失的HTm4-ct没有此作用,说明C端功能域在HTm4基因调控细胞周期的功能中发挥重要作用。     

铁剥夺在TPA 诱导K562 细胞分化中对细胞 生长分化及EGR1mRNA 表达的影

目的：通过,IPA诱导K562细胞分化过程中干预细胞铁代谢探讨白血病细胞铁与细胞分化的关系及对EGR1mRNA表达的影响。方法：应用体外细胞培养技术通过细胞形态,细胞化学染色观察细胞生长分化情况;用FCM、RT—PCR等技术检细胞周期、细胞表面分化抗原CD33、CD14及EGR1mRNA的表达。结果：在,IPA诱导K562细胞分化过程中铁剥夺可明显抑制K562细胞生长,并可阻止,IPA诱导K562细胞分化,使K562细胞停止在S期。铁剥夺可降低,TPA诱导K562细胞分化过程中EGR1mRNA的表达。讨论：铁剥夺明显抑制K562细胞生长、阻止TPA诱导K562细胞分化,故铁剥夺剂（DFO）可能作为一种辅助抗癌药用于白血病的化疗,但由于它能阻止白血病细胞的分化,故不宜用于白血病的诱导分化治疗。铁剥夺使K562细胞分化过程中E—GR1mRNA表达降低可能参与了阻止TPA诱导K562细胞的分化过程。     

Gartanin induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses migration involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signalling pathway in human glioma cells

In central nervous system, glioma is the most common primary brain tumour. The diffuse migration and rapid proliferation are main obstacles for successful treatment. Gartanin, a natural xanthone of mangosteen, suppressed proliferation, migration and colony formation in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner in T98G glioma cells but not in mouse normal neuronal HT22 cells. Gartanin, at low micromole, led to cell cycle arrest in G1 phase accompanied by inhibited expression level of G1 cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1, while increased expression level of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. In addition, the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 (MMP‐2/‐9) were significantly suppressed in T98G cells treated with gartanin, and it might result from modulating mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathway in T98G glioma cells. Moreover, gartanin significantly induced autophagy in T98G cells and increased GFP‐LC3 punctate fluorescence accompanied by the increased expression level of Beclin 1 and LC3‐II, while suppressed expression level of p62. Gartanin treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, which is important in modulating autophagy. Notably, gartanin‐mediated anti‐viability was significantly abrogated by autophagy inhibitors including 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and chloroquine (CQ). These results indicate that anti‐proliferation effect of gartanin in T98G cells is most likely via cell cycle arrest modulated by autophagy, which is regulated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, while anti‐migration effect is most likely via suppression of MMP‐2/‐9 activity which is involved in MAPK signalling pathway.     

Nimbolide inhibits IGF‐I‐mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signalling in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231)

The insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) signalling pathway contributes a major role on various cancer cell proliferation, survival and cell cycle. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of nimbolide on IGF signalling and cell cycle arrest in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules and cell cycle protein levels was assessed by western blot analysis. In order to study the interaction of nimbolide on IGF‐1 signalling pathway, IGF‐I and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) were used to treat MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Further, the cell cycle arrest was analysed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules was significantly decreased in nimbolide‐treated breast cancer cells. PI3K inhibitor and IGF‐I with nimbolide treatment notably inhibited phosphorylated Akt. The cell cycle arrest was observed at the G0/G1 phase, and accumulation of apoptotic cells was observed in nimbolide‐treated breast cancer cell lines. Nimbolide also increased the protein expression of p21 and decreased the cyclins in both the cell lines. Nimbolide decreases the proliferation of breast cancer cells by modulating the IGF signalling molecules, which could be very useful for the breast cancer treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BIX-01294对肝癌细胞周期、凋亡及移植瘤的影响

目的:探究组蛋白甲基转移酶G9a抑制剂(BIX-01294)对肝癌细胞周期、凋亡及移植瘤的影响。方法:将SMMC-7721、BEL-7402、HL-7702原始细胞株传代培养后,分为空白对照组和不同浓度(1μM、5μM、10μM、20μM)BIX-01294处理组。应用Western-blot法检测G9a及肝癌细胞内凋亡蛋白CC3、C-PARP、Bax、Bcl-2表达水平;应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测不同浓度BIX-01294处理SMMC-7721、BEL-7402细胞24、48、72、96 h后的细胞增殖情况;应用流式细胞术检测不同浓度的BIX-01294处理肝癌细胞96h后细胞周期分布情况;移植瘤试验21 d后测量裸鼠体内肿瘤体积及重量,并检测瘤体内H3K9me2的蛋白水平。结果:G9a在肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、BEL-7402中表达水平高于HL-7702细胞(P<0.05)。不同浓度的BIX-01294对SMMC-7721细胞和BEL-7402细胞增殖具有抑制作用,且具有时间依赖性和剂量依赖性(均P<0.05)。不同浓度BIX-01294处理细胞96h后,SMMC-7721细胞和BEL-7402细胞G0/G1期细胞比例增加,S和G₂/M期的细胞比例降低(P<0.05)。5μM BIX-01294处理细胞96h后能明显增加CC3、Bax、C-PARP表达水平,并降低Bcl-2的表达水平(P<0.05),与空白对照组相比,BIX-01294处理组裸鼠肿瘤体积减小,重量较低,且肿瘤组织内H3K9me2的表达水平下降(P<0.05)。结论:BIX-01294导致SMMC-7721、BEL-7402细胞发生周期阻滞和凋亡,且对肿瘤的生长具有明显的抑制作用,其可能是通过抑制G9a的表达从而降低H3K9me2的表达来抑制肿瘤的生长。     

Formononetin induces cell cycle arrest of human breast cancer cells via IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathways in vitro and in vivo

Formononetin is one of the main components of red clover plants, and is considered as a typical phytoestrogen. This study further investigated that formononetin inactivated IGF1/IGF1R-PI3K/Akt pathways and decreased cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of formononetin. The proliferation of the cells treated with formononetin was tested by MTT assay. The cell cycle in the treated cells was examined by flow cytometry. The levels of p-IGF-1?R, p-Akt, and cyclin D1 protein expression and cyclin D1?mRNA expression in the treated cells were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. In addition, the antitumor activity of formononetin was evaluated in nude mice bearing orthotopic tumor implants. Compared with the control, formononetin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and effectively induced cell cycle arrest. The levels of p-IGF-1?R, p-Akt, cyclin D1 protein expression, and cyclin D1?mRNA expression were also downregulated. On the other hand, formononetin also prevented the tumor growth of human breast cancer cells in nude mouse xenografts. These results show that formononetin causes cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by inactivating IGF1/IGF1R-PI3K/Akt pathways and decreasing cyclin D1?mRNA and protein expression, indicating the use of formononetin in the prevention of breast cancer carcinogenesis.