雌激素受体α磷酸化位点突变体T224A和S559A的构建及其转录激活活性检测

目的:构建雌激素受体α(ERα)T224A和S559A磷酸化位点突变体载体,在HEK293T细胞中检测其表达及突变体生物活性的改变。方法:以pc DNA3-Flag-ERα为模板,通过重组PCR技术扩增目的基因片段并突变碱基,插入pc DNA3-Flag载体;将构建的质粒转染HEK293T细胞进行瞬时表达,通过Western印迹检测融合蛋白的表达,采用萤光素酶报告基因方法检测ERα突变体的活性改变。结果:T224A和S559A磷酸化位点突变体在HEK293T细胞中得到表达,相对分子质量为66×103。在无雌激素(E2)时,野生型ERα及T224A和S559A突变体的转录活性分别为空载体的1.94、1.49和1.84倍;在雌激素存在时,野生型ERα活性增强了1.57倍,T224A和S559A突变体活性分别增强了0.54和0.61倍。结论:224位Thr磷酸化修饰对ERα的活性起重要作用,且2个磷酸化位点突变体受雌激素调控减弱。     

Wee1B蛋白S15位点突变抑制小鼠1-细胞期受精卵的发育

为研究小鼠Wee1B蛋白S15位点磷酸化状态对小鼠1-细胞期受精卵发育的影响,构建pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO-Wee1B-S15A（Ser突变成Ala）/D（Ser突变成Asp）突变体,体外转录成mRNAs. 对小鼠进行超排卵后当晚与雄鼠1∶1合笼,第2 d早取受精卵后培养至S期,显微注射Wee1B-WT(野生型)/KD（激酶失活型)-mRNAs和突变体Wee1B-S15A/D-mRNAs,观察其对受精卵发育、有丝分裂促进因子（MPF）活性及CDC2-pTyr15磷酸化状态的影响.结果表明,过表达Wee1B -WT和Wee1B-S15A/D可有效抑制受精卵有丝分裂进程,明显降低卵裂率. 过表达模拟磷酸化的突变明显抑制MPF的活性,CDC2-pTyr15磷酸化状态和MPF活性变化相一致. 因此,在小鼠1-细胞期受精卵有丝分裂过程中,PKA对小鼠Wee1B蛋白S15位点的磷酸化修饰是控制受精卵G2/M转换的重要方式.     

人细胞周期蛋白D1/CDK4基因的真核表达及生物活性鉴定

通过生物工程获得人重组细胞周期蛋白 (cyclinD1 )及细胞周期蛋白激酶CDK4蛋白 ,作为抗癌药物筛选的分子靶点 .从人HL 6 0细胞中获得细胞周期蛋白D1 CDK4基因的cDNA ,先克隆至pGEMT Easy载体上 ,再经重组构建供体质粒pFastBac D1和pFastBac CDK4 .重组供体质粒转化感受态DH1 0Bac细胞 ,挑取确证为白色克隆的菌落振荡培养 ,分离制备高纯度杆粒DNA .以重组病毒适量感染昆虫细胞Tn 5B1 4 ,利用Bac to Bac杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞Tn 5B1 4 (Hi5 )中表达相应的重组蛋白 .应用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统 (Bac to Bac)在昆虫细胞Tn 5B1 4中分别高效表达了人细胞周期蛋白D1和CDK4蛋白 .SDS PAGE分析表明 ,表达量占细胞可溶性蛋白质的 2 0 %左右 ,表达产物经Ni2 + NTA亲和层析纯化后纯度达 85 %以上 .研究表明 ,昆虫细胞表达的细胞周期蛋白D1和CDK4蛋白能促进Rb蛋白的磷酸化 ,具有生物活性 .成功构建了细胞周期蛋白D1及CDK4真核杆状病毒表达载体 ,并且在昆虫细胞中正确表达了具有生物活性的细胞周期蛋白D1及CDK4融合蛋白 .     

人血管生成素-PE40融合蛋白基因的构建、表达及活性研究

利用 PCR扩增出人血管生成素 (h ANG)成熟肽的基因片段 .与绿脓杆菌外毒素缺失突变体PE40的基因连接后 ,克隆入 p UC1 9载体中 .测序后克隆入表达载体 p RSETB,构建成 h ANG-PE40融合基因的表达载体 .IPTG诱导 ,表达出分子量约为 58k D的 His6- ANG- PE40融合蛋白 ,占菌体总蛋白的 8% .Ni2 +- NTA树脂纯化表达蛋白 ,SDS- PAGE结果显示纯化重组蛋白为单一条带 .鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜鉴定表明重组蛋白体外能够有效地抑制血管的形成 .     

嗜热四膜虫异染色质蛋白Tcd1磷酸化位点的突变分析

四膜虫异染色质蛋白Tcd1在有性生殖时期特异表达,在大核基因组重排以及修复过程中发挥作用。磷酸化蛋白质组学分析表明,Tcd1存在3个磷酸化位点：S301,S303和S535。然而,Tcd1磷酸化修饰与其功能的关系并不清楚。本研究对TCD1基因的3个磷酸化位点进行了模拟磷酸化和模拟去磷酸化定点突变,获得模拟磷酸化突变基因TCD1S301D (TCD1S1D)、TCD1S301DS303D (TCD1S2D)与TCD1S301DS303DS535D (TCD1S3D) 和模拟去磷酸化的突变基因TCD1S301A (TCD1S1A)、TCD1S301AS303A (TCD1S2A)与TCD1S301AS303AS535A (TCD1S3A)。分别构建了不同突变体的过表达载体,转化四膜虫细胞并筛选获得不同突变体细胞株。Western印迹分析表明,Tcd1S1D、Tcd1S2D、Tcd1S3D与Tcd1S1A、Tcd1S2A和Tcd1S3A在四膜虫有性生殖期表达。免疫荧光定位分析发现,Tcd1S1D点状定位于细胞质中,Tcd1S2D在有性生殖初期点状定位于细胞质中,在新大核上形成均匀的定位,Tcd1S3D无法定位于亲本大核上,只是均匀定位于新大核上。Tcd1S2A和Tcd1S3A在新大核形成异常的块状定位,并且与异染色质蛋白Pdd1不能共定位。结果表明,Tcd1不同位点的磷酸化和去磷酸化修饰的动态变化决定了其在四膜虫细胞中的定位模式。     

PC-1解除S6K对AKT信号通路的负反馈抑制

目的:通过建立过表达PC-1的前列腺癌LNCaP细胞系及敲低PC-1表达的C4-2细胞系,探究PC-1激活AKT信号通路的分子机制。方法:将PC-1基因及针对PC-1的siRNA序列,分别克隆至慢病毒表达载体pCDH-EF1-Myc-MCS-T2A-Puro及干扰载体pSIH1-H1-Puro,包装成慢病毒后分别感染前列腺癌LNCaP及C4-2细胞,通过Western印迹鉴定PC-1过表达及敲低效果,并检测PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白S6K、AKT的磷酸化水平。结果:PC-1过表达时,S6K磷酸化水平下降,而AKT的磷酸化水平上升。结论:PC-1可以通过抑制S6K激酶活性,解除其对AKT的负反馈抑制作用,从而激活AKT激酶的活性。     

胆固醇7,8位脱氢酶的表达及催化活性研究

果蝇的neverland基因是胆固醇7,8位脱氢的重要酶基因。为了探究其在胆固醇脱氢反应中的催化机制,将neverland分别克隆至表达载体p IEx-6及p XY212,再转染导入S2细胞并电转化到S.cerevisiae W303-1A中表达。Western blot结果证实NVD蛋白在重组S2细胞及S.cerevisiae W303-1A中实现了表达。胆固醇转化实验经HPLC分析发现,重组S2细胞可以将胆固醇转化为7-脱氢胆固醇,而重组S.cerevisiae W303-1A并不能实现胆固醇的7,8位脱氢。此外,在重组S.cerevisiae W303-1A和S2细胞的破碎液共同转化胆固醇及NVD体外转化实验中也未发现产物7-脱氢胆固醇的生成。实验结果显示,neverland基因在S2细胞中具有生物活性而在S.cerevisiae中没有生物活性,表明它在胆固醇脱氢时需要其它的伴侣蛋白协助,实验结果为进一步研究其催化机制提供了理论基础。     

4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 重组慢病毒载体的构建及对胃癌细胞 HGC27生长的影响

目的:构建4E-BP1及其 T37A、T46A、S65A、T70A 突变体4E-BP1-4A 基表达的重组慢病毒载体,研究其对胃癌 HGC27细胞生长的影响.方法:PCR 扩增4E-BP1基及其突变体4E-BP1-4A 基并克隆到 pCDH 载体,构建成 pCDH-4E-BP1、pCDH-4E-BP1-4A,将其与包装载体共转染293T 细胞,包装成 Lenti-4E-BP1及 Lenti-4E-BP1-4A重组慢病毒载体,将此慢病毒感染胃癌 HGC27细胞,Western 印迹鉴定病毒载体介导的4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 蛋白的表达,MTT、克隆形成和软琼脂方法研究过量表达4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 对胃癌 HGC27细胞生长的影响.结果:包装成 Lenti-4E-BP1及 Lenti-4E-BP1-4A 重组慢病毒载体,并将此慢病毒载体感染胃癌 HGC27细胞;MTT、克隆形成、软琼脂实验表明过量表达4E-BP1可抑制胃癌 HGC27细胞的生长,过量表达4E-BP1-4A 时抑制效果更明显.结论:构建了4E-BP1、4E-BP1-4A 的重组慢病毒表达载体,在胃癌 HGC27细胞中过量表达4E-BP1可抑制细胞生长,过量表达4E-BP1-4A 的抑制效果更明显.     

单增李斯特菌溶血素O的PEST序列激活ERK1/2磷酸化的作用

[目的]本研究旨在构建单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,简称单增李斯特菌)溶血素O(Listeriolysin O,LLO)的关键结构域PEST序列(包含S44、S48和T51关键磷酸化位点)突变体,并针对其生物学功能展开研究。[方法]以李斯特菌参考菌株EGD-e为模板扩增编码LLO的hly基因,克隆至pET30a(+)原核表达载体,在此基础上利用氨基酸突变技术获得表达PEST突变体(LLO△PEST、LLOS44A、LLOS48A和LLOT51A)的重组质粒,转入E.coli Rosetta感受态细胞中,诱导表达重组蛋白经镍离子亲和层析纯化后进行SDS-PAGE分析。利用红细胞裂解试验检测重组蛋白的溶血活性,并通过Western blotting检测重组突变蛋白刺激Caco-2细胞后对MAPK关键信号分子ERK1/2磷酸化水平变化的影响。[结果]结果显示,本研究成功获得重组LLO及其突变体蛋白LLO△PEST、LLOS44A、LLOS48A和LLOT51A。在pH5.5和7.4条件下,LLO△PEST、LLOS44A、LLOS48A和LLOT51A均具有和LLO相当的溶血活性,说明PEST序列缺失或突变并不影响LLO的膜裂解活性。研究进一步发现,重组LLO及其突变蛋白刺激Caco-2细胞后均能激活ERK1/2的磷酸化。[结论]研究表明LLO的关键结构域PEST序列对于维持该蛋白的膜裂解能力及穿孔活性并非必需,且该结构域的缺失不影响李斯特菌在感染宿主时依赖LLO介导ERK1/2磷酸化的生物学过程。本研究将为进一步探索细菌感染过程中PEST序列对于LLO发挥生物学功能的潜在作用及分子机制奠定基础。     

一种改造的同时含有preS1,preS2抗原决定簇的乙肝病毒表面抗原

利用PCR方法合成的编码乙肝病毒表面抗原 preS1区氨基酸第 2 1～ 47位和preS2区第 1 2 0～ 1 46位肽段的基因片段同时分别与S基因的 5′端和 3′端 (相当于第 2 2 3位氨基酸 )融合 .融合基因被置于痘苗病毒通用载体 pGJP 5上的P7.5启动子下游 ,并通过体内同源重组 ,经筛选获得重组痘苗病毒vS2SS1 .vS2SS1感染哺乳动物细胞后 ,融合蛋白S2SS1获得表达 .对S2SS1蛋白的表达水平、分泌性、抗原性和颗粒性分析结果表明 ,S2SS1蛋白能够形成同时具有preS1 ,preS2和S抗原性的颗粒 ,并能有效地从细胞中分泌 ,其表达和分泌水平与重组痘苗病毒单独表达的S蛋白接近     

MKK6重组腺病毒的构建与制备

构建腺病毒穿梭载体pAd RSV ,并将p3 8MAPK (mitogen activatedproteinkinase)的上游激酶MKK6(mitogen activatedproteinkinasekinase 6)及其持续激活和无活性的突变体基因亚克隆到该穿梭载体 .通过与腺病毒DNA(pJM17)在能够表达E1的HEK 2 93细胞同源重组生成了能够表达MKK6信号分子的重组腺病毒 .PCR结果表明 ,这些重组腺病毒DNA的插入片段大小是正确的 .而且 ,通过感染COS 7细胞 ,用免疫激酶活性测定证实这些重组的腺病毒能够表达具有功能的蛋白质 .     

克隆、表达及纯化核糖体蛋白S6用于体外激酶活性检测

目的:构建40S核糖体蛋白S6的原核表达载体,表达并纯化S6蛋白,将其作为底物用于S6激酶(S6K)的体外活性测定。方法:采用RT-PCR方法从人胚肾细胞HEK293中获取S6 cDNA,将扩增产物克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体中,进行酶切及测序鉴定;IPTG诱导GST-S6融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达,用谷胱甘肽亲和层析纯化GST-S6,免疫沉淀法检测该蛋白是否可作为底物用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定。结果:酶切及测序鉴定表明构建了S6原核表达载体,并表达及纯化出GST-S6融合蛋白,相对分子质量为55×103。该蛋白可用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定,特异性强。结论:S6蛋白的克隆、表达与纯化成功,可用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定,为研究S6K的功能奠定了基础。     

Evidence for direct activation of mTORC2 kinase activity by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate

mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2) plays important roles in signal transduction by regulating an array of downstream effectors, including protein kinase AKT. However, its regulation by upstream regulators remains poorly characterized. Although phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) is known to regulate the phosphorylation of AKT Ser(473), the hydrophobic motif (HM) site, by mTORC2, it is not clear whether PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) can directly regulate mTORC2 kinase activity. Here, we used two membrane-docked AKT mutant proteins, one with and the other without the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, as substrates for mTORC2 to dissect the roles of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) in AKT HM phosphorylation in cultured cells and in vitro kinase assays. In HEK293T cells, insulin and constitutively active mutants of small GTPase H-Ras and PI3K could induce HM phosphorylation of both AKT mutants, which was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Importantly, PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) was able to stimulate the phosphorylation of both AKT mutants by immunoprecipitated mTOR2 complexes in an in vitro kinase assay. In both in vivo and in vitro assays, the AKT mutant containing the PH domain appeared to be a better substrate than the one without the PH domain. Therefore, these results suggest that PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) can regulate HM phosphorylation by mTORC2 via multiple mechanisms. One of the mechanisms is to directly stimulate the kinase activity of mTORC2.     

Physiological Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase A at Thr-197 Is by a Protein Kinase A Kinase

Phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A, on Thr-197 is required for optimal enzyme activity, and enzyme isolated from either animal sources or bacterial expression strains is found phosphorylated at this site. Autophosphorylation of Thr-197 occurs in Escherichia coli and in vitro but is an inefficient intermolecular reaction catalyzed primarily by active, previously phosphorylated molecules. In contrast, the Thr-197 phosphorylation of newly synthesized protein kinase A in intact S49 mouse lymphoma cells is both efficient and insensitive to activators or inhibitors of intracellular protein kinase A. Using [³⁵S]methionine-labeled, nonphosphorylated, recombinant catalytic subunit as the substrate in a gel mobility shift assay, we have identified an activity in extracts of protein kinase A-deficient S49 cells that phosphorylates catalytic subunit on Thr-197. The protein kinase A kinase activity partially purified by anion-exchange and hydroxylapatite chromatography is an efficient catalyst of protein kinase A phosphorylation in terms of both a low K_m for ATP and a rapid time course. Phosphorylation of wild-type catalytic subunit by the kinase kinase activates the subunit for binding to a pseudosubstrate peptide inhibitor of protein kinase A. By both the gel shift assay and a [γ-³²P]ATP incorporation assay, the enzyme is active on wild-type catalytic subunit and on an inactive mutant with Met substituted for Lys-72 but inactive on a mutant with Ala substituted for Thr-197. Combined with the results from mutant subunits, phosphoamino acid analysis suggests that the enzyme is specific for phosphorylation of Thr-197.     

Inhibition of human glioma U251 cells growth in vitro and in vivo by hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-assisted delivery of short hairpin RNAs against SATB1

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1) has been reported to be over-expressed in many human tumors and knockdown of SATB1 can inhibit tumor growth. The present study was designed to determine the role of SATB1 in the growth of human glioma U251 cells using the plasmid-based SATB1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivered by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro growth, invasion and angiogenesis assays of human glioma U251 cells were done. U251 cells tumor blocks were transplanted into the nude mice. CaCl₂-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles carrying shRNA-SATB1 plasmids were injected into the tumors. The apoptosis of the tumor U251 cells was examined with TUNEL assay and flow cytometer (FCM). The tumor growth and immunohistochemistry were measured. The expression level of SATB1 mRNA was investigated by RT-PCR. The expression levels of SATB1, Cyclin D1, MMP-2, VEGF, Bax and Caspase-9 protein were determined by western blot analysis. The results showed that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-delivered shRNA-SATB1 could significantly inhibit the growth, invasion and angiogenesis of U251 cells in vitro and the growth of U251 cells in vivo. FCM results showed that Nano HAP-shRNA-SATB1-induced apoptosis (up to 67.8 %). SATB1 expression was strongly down-regulated in the tumor U251 cells. Cyclin D1, MMP-2 and VEGF were also down-regulated in the tumor tissues that also displayed significant increased in Bax expression and Caspase-9 activity. These results show that Nano HAP-shRNA-SATB1 can inhibit the growth of human glioma U251 cells in vitro and in vivo, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can be used for the in vitro and in vivo delivery of plasmid-based shRNAs into U251 cells.     

Kinase activity profiling of gram-negative pneumonia

Pneumonia is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. A major causative pathogen is the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae. Kinases play an integral role in the transduction of intracellular signaling cascades and regulate a diverse array of biological processes essential to immune cells. The current study explored signal transduction events during murine Gram-negative pneumonia using a systems biology approach. Kinase activity arrays enable the analysis of 1,024 consensus sequences of protein kinase substrates. Using a kinase activity array on whole lung lysates, cellular kinase activities were determined in a mouse model of K. pneumoniae pneumonia. Notable kinase activities also were validated with phospho-specific Western blots. On the basis of the profiling data, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling via p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activity were reduced during infection, whereas v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog (avian) (SRC) activity generally was enhanced. AKT signaling was represented in both metabolic and inflammatory (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [MKK], apoptosis signal-regulating kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [ASK] and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 [b-RAF]) context. This study reaffirms the importance of classic inflammation pathways, such as MAPK and TGFβ signaling and reveals less known involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), AKT and SRC signaling cassettes in pneumonia.     

Protein Kinase B (AKT) Mediates Phospholipase D Activation via ERK1/2 and Promotes Respiratory Burst Parameters in Formylpeptide-stimulated Neutrophil-like HL-60 Cells

Phospholipase D (PLD), a major source of lipid second messengers (phosphatidic acid, diglycerides) in many cell types, is tightly regulated by protein kinases, but only a few of them have been identified. We show here that protein kinase B (AKT) is a novel major signaling effector of PLD activity induced by the formylpeptide f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) in human neutrophil-like HL-60 cells (dHL-60 cells). AKT inhibition with the selective antagonist AKTib1/2 almost completely prevented fMLP-mediated activity of PLD, its upstream effector ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK. Immunoprecipitation studies show that phosphorylated AKT, ERK, and PLD2 form a complex induced by fMLP, which can be prevented by AKTib1/2. In cell-free systems, AKT1 stimulated PLD activity via activation of ERK. AKT1 actually phosphorylated ERK2 as a substrate (K_m 1 μm). Blocking AKT activation with AKTib1/2 also prevented fMLP- but not phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-mediated NADPH oxidase activation (respiratory burst, RB) of dHL-60 cells. Impaired RB was associated with defective membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase components p67^phox and p47^phox, ERK, AKT1, AKT2, but not AKT3. Depletion of AKT1 or AKT2 with antisense oligonucleotides further indicates a partial contribution of both isoforms in fMLP-induced activation of ERK, PLD, and RB, with a predominant role of AKT1. Thus, formylpeptides induce sequential activation of AKT, ERK1/2, and PLD, which represents a novel signaling pathway. A major primarily role of this AKT signaling pathway also emerges in membrane recruitment of NOX2 components p47^phox, p67^phox, and ERK, which may contribute to assembly and activation of the RB motor system, NADPH oxidase.     

Epidermal growth factor treatment enhances the kinase activity of kinase suppressor of Ras

In Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) functions as a positive modulator of Ras-dependent signaling either upstream of or parallel to Raf. Attempts to characterize the biochemical and biological properties of mammalian KSR, however, have had limited success. Although some studies demonstrated a requirement of KSR kinase activity for its action, others indicated the kinase function of KSR is dispensable and suggested that KSR acts primarily as a scaffold protein. Interpretations of KSR function are further hampered by the lack of a standardized assay for its kinase activity in vitro. To address this issue, we established a two-stage in vitro kinase assay in which KSR never comes in contact with any recombinant kinases other than c-Raf-1. Using this assay, we show that KSR immunoprecipitated from quiescent COS-7 cells overexpressing Flag-tagged KSR was inactive, but its activity was rapidly and markedly induced upon epidermal growth factor treatment. Moreover, KSR-reconstituted mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was detected in KSR immunoprecipitates depleted of all contaminating kinases (c-Raf-1, MEK1, ERK2) by multiple high salt washes. Only full-length kinase-active KSR was capable of signaling c-Raf-1-dependent activity as kinase inactive and C- and N-terminal deletion mutants were without effect. Furthermore, endogenous KSR isolated from A431 cells, which contain high levels of activated EGF receptor, displays constitutively enhanced kinase activity. Hence, KSR kinase activity is not an artifact of overexpression but a property intrinsic to this protein. The recognition of EGF as a potent activator of KSR kinase activity and the availability of a well defined in vitro kinase assay should facilitate the definition of the function of KSR as a Ras-effector molecule.     

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 and its related genes play key roles in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast like cells

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein (SATB) plays a critical role in bone generation and osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, the differentially expressed genes by SATB2 overexpression were analyzed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells using Alizarin red S staining, wound healing assay and Agilent's Human Oligo Microarray. Calcium mineralization and motility were significantly enhanced in SATB2-overexpressed cells compared with untreated control. In addition, using the GeneSpringGX 7.3 program to compare the identified genes expressed in SATB2-overexpresed cells with untreated control, we found several unique genes closely associated with osteoblast differentiation, including SOX2, MBP2, WNT11 and MEN1 (up-regulated genes), and ILK, FGF23, FGFR2, and SNAI1 (down-regulated genes). Consistent with microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed the significant up- and down-regulation of these genes at mRNA level in SATB2-overexpressed MC3T3-E1 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that the molecular regulation of SATB2 can be an attractive approach to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for bone-related diseases.