16型人乳头瘤病毒衣壳蛋白在真核细胞中的表达

为了构建HPV16型晚期蛋白重组杆状病毒,并使其在昆虫细胞中获得高效表达.首先构建2株重组杆状病毒转移质粒,分别携带人乳头瘤病毒晚期基因L1及L1和L2,再用线性化的杆状病毒DNA与该重组杆状病毒转移质粒共转染sf9昆虫细胞进行同源重组,获得2株重组杆状病毒.经鉴定该重组病毒中有目的基因存在且可表达所编码的L1或L2晚期蛋白.结果表明HPV16型晚期蛋白在昆虫细胞中获得成功表达,为HPV16型预防性基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制和诊断试剂的研究开发奠定了基础.     

截短型人乳头瘤病毒58型L1蛋白的表达及其体外生物活性研究

利用PCR技术克隆截短型HPV58 L1基因并重组入杆状病毒表达系统穿梭质粒pFastBac-Htb,通过转座反应,将目的基因片段重组入杆状病毒基因组,分离重组的Bacmid DNA, 并转染Sf-9昆虫细胞,收集被转染的Sf-9细胞,提取细胞蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测可见在大约58Kda处出现一新生蛋白条带,Western blot 证实为HPV58L1蛋白。用ProBondTM纯化系统纯化所表达的蛋白。小鼠红细胞凝集试验证实纯化的蛋白可介导小鼠红细胞凝集,透射电镜观察证实纯化蛋白可自组装成VLP。结果表明昆虫杆状病毒表达系统可高效表达截短型HPV58L1蛋白,纯化后的截短型HPV58L1蛋白在体外可自组装VLP,并具有介导小鼠红细胞凝集的生物学活性。     

利用重组HPV16L1抗原检测宫颈癌抗L1或VLP抗体的对比

为了评价重组大肠杆菌表达的HPV16L1蛋白和重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1 VLP两种抗原在检测宫颈癌抗 16L1或VLP抗体及在宫颈癌血清学诊断意义上的差别 ,应用PCR技术从宫颈癌组织的DNA中扩增出全长15 35bp的HPV16L1基因片段 ,克隆至 pUC18 T载体中 ,进行DNA测序鉴定。然后 ,将HPV16L1基因克隆至pGEX 2T表达载体中 ,并诱导表达HPV16L1融合蛋白 ,分子量为 83kD ,能被HPV16L1单克隆抗体所识别。经GST柱层析法纯化后 ,与重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1 VLP分别经酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)法检测 12份宫颈癌患者和 35份献血员血清。 12例宫颈癌血清标本中 ,抗HPV16L1蛋白的抗体阳性率为 7例 (占 5 8.3% ) ;抗HPV16L1 VLP的抗体阳性率为 8例 (占 6 6 .7% )。经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1检测为HPV16抗体IgG( )的 7份患者血清 ,利用HPV16L1 VLP试剂盒检测均阳性 ;经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原检测为HPV16抗体IgG( )的 5份患者血清 ,利用HPV16L1 VLP试剂盒检测有 1份阳性。两者对HPV16抗体的阳性检出率并无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。本实验结果说明HPV16与宫颈癌高度相关 ,利用大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1和HPV16L1 VLP重组抗原检测抗体的敏感性并不受影响。利用重组抗原HPV16L1对宫颈癌的抗体进行定性、定量分析有助于该疾病     

HPV16 L1蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及免疫原性研究

用IPTG诱导目的工程菌pQE31-HPV16L1/M15(pREP4),对表达产物进行SDSPAGE和Western blot分析;用表达的L1蛋白免疫BAL B/C小鼠得到抗血清后,利用真核源性的VLP粗提物验证小鼠抗血清的特异性.利用IMAC金属亲和层析柱纯化L1蛋白.SDSPAGE结果显示表达产物在约57 ku处有蛋白条带;Western blot结果证实此条带可与HPV16 L1蛋白的单克隆抗体反应;纯化后的L1蛋白也同样保留免疫特异性;小鼠抗血清可与HPV16L1 VLP(病毒样颗粒)发生特异性反应,证实重组表达的L1蛋白具有免疫原性.本实验表明HPV16 L1蛋白在工程菌M15(pREP4)中高效表达,为研制HPV16预防性基因工程疫苗和感染的诊断试剂提供了物质基础和技术方法.     

HPV16L1核浆运输的动力学过程

利用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(Enhancegreenflurenscentprotein,EGFP)标记不同的截短型HPV16L1蛋白(Humanpapillomavirustype16L1protein,HPV16L1),分析HPV16L1蛋白核定位信号(Nucleuslocationsignal,NLS)的作用。构建重组pFB-EGFP、pFB-EGFP-HPV16L1、pFB-EGFP-HPV16L1△NLS和pFB-EGFP-NLSHPV16L1p转移载体;在DH10Bac宿主菌内经Tn7转座子介导的同源重组后转染Sf-9细胞,获得重组Ac-EGFP、Ac-EGFP-HPV16L1、Ac-EGFP-HPV16L1△NLS和Ac-EGFP-NLSHPV16L1杆状病毒,感染Sf-9昆虫细胞表达相应截短型HPV16L1融合蛋白;利用荧光显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察不同融合蛋白的荧光特性和核浆转运动力学过程。结果发现Ac-EGFP杆状病毒感染的Sf-9细胞内明亮的绿色荧光均匀分布;重组Ac-EGFP-HPV16L1和Ac-EGFP-NLSHPV16L1杆状病毒感染的Sf-9细胞,明亮的绿色荧光主要位于细胞核内;重组Ac-EGFP-HPV16L1△NLS杆状病毒感染的Sf-9细胞,绿色荧光局限于细胞浆内,细胞核内无绿色荧光。说明HPV16L1蛋白羧基端的23个氨基酸(GKRKATPTTSSTSTTAKRKKRKL)具有完全核定位作用,能引导HPV16L1蛋白和EGFP突破核膜屏障进入Sf-9细胞核内。     

密码子优化型HPV16L1基因在两种昆虫细胞中的表达

目的:提高16型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV16）L1基因在杆状病毒昆虫细胞中的表达水平,为研制预防性HPV疫苗奠定基础。方法:根据昆虫细胞密码子偏性对野生型HPV16L1基因进行改造,利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统获得重组杆状病毒,感染昆虫细胞Sf9和High Five。Western blot鉴定表达产物;电镜下观察病毒样颗粒形成。利用ELISA法评价HPV16L1基因的优化效果,探讨L1蛋白表达的最佳条件。结果:在相对分子质量56kDa处出现HPV16L1的特异性条带;电镜下可见病毒样颗粒在昆虫细胞的核内形成;优化型HPV16L1基因的表达水平显著高于野生型。High Five细胞表达的最佳条件为MOI=10,表达时相72h,其L1蛋白表达量至少比Sf9细胞高3倍。结论:密码子优化技术确实能够促进HPV16L1蛋白的高效表达,而High Five细胞表现出的显著优势尤其值得关注。     

利用昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统表达人乳头瘤病毒16/18/33/58亚型L1蛋白

目的:通过昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统获得人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16/18/33/58亚型的主要衣壳蛋白L1。方法:克隆了HPV16/18/33/58亚型的L1蛋白基因,并采用密码子优化策略进行改造(记为HPV16/18/33/58亚型mL1),将优化基因片段插入pFastBac Dual载体获得重组载体,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞后得到重组Bacmid,转染昆虫Sf9细胞,Western印迹和SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白的表达。结果:获得了表达HPV16/18/33/58亚型mL1蛋白的重组杆状病毒;Western印迹和SDS-PAGE分析表明该重组杆状病毒感染昆虫Sf9细胞后表达mL1蛋白,且mL1蛋白主要分布在细胞中;优化了蛋白表达时间和感染复数,获得目的蛋白mL1的高效表达。结论:多个亚型HPV L1蛋白的克隆表达,为中国优势血清型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

重组人乳头瘤病毒6型病毒样颗粒诱导中和抗体

为研究重组病毒样颗粒（virus-like particle,VLP)免疫血清的抗感染作用,用重组杆状病毒在昆虫细胞中表达制备的人乳头瘤病毒6型（human papillomavirus type 6,HPV-6)L1 VLP的HPV－6L1＋L2 VLP免疫BALB／c小鼠,获得抗血清,ELISA法测定抗体滴度,在细胞水平和裸鼠异源组织移植模型中评价了免疫血清的中和病毒抗感染作用。VLP诱导了高滴度（＞1：10000）的血清抗体,抗血清可以特异地阻断人胚上皮细胞对VLP的摄入,并且能抑制从尖锐湿疣活检标本提取的HPV对人上皮细胞的感染。重组HPV－6VLP免疫小鼠诱导的血清抗体具有中和病毒、抑制感染的作用。提示重组VLP可以用于研制HVP预防性疫苗。     

利用重组HPV16L1抗原检测宫颈癌抗L1或VLP抗体的对比

为了评价重组大肠杆菌表达的HPV16L1蛋白和重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1-VLP两种抗原在检测宫颈癌抗16 L1或VLP抗体及在宫颈癌血清学诊断意义上的差别,应用PCR技术从宫颈癌组织的DNA中扩增出全长1535bp的HPV16L1基因片段,克隆至pUC18-T载体中,进行DNA测序鉴定.然后,将HPV16L1基因克隆至pGEX-2T表达载体中,并诱导表达HPV16L1融合蛋白,分子量为83kD,能被HPV16L1单克隆抗体所识别.经GST柱层析法纯化后,与重组腺病毒表达的HPV16L1-VLP分别经酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测12份宫颈癌患者和35份献血员血清.12例宫颈癌血清标本中,抗HPV16L1蛋白的抗体阳性率为7例(占 58.3%);抗HPV16L1-VLP的抗体阳性率为8例(占 66.7%).经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1检测为HPV16抗体 IgG(+)的 7份患者血清,利用HPV16L1-VLP试剂盒检测均阳性;经大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原检测为HPV16抗体 IgG(-)的5 份患者血清,利用HPV16L1-VLP试剂盒检测有1份阳性.两者对HPV16抗体的阳性检出率并无显著差异(P>0.05).本实验结果说明HPV16与宫颈癌高度相关,利用大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原HPV16L1和HPV16L1-VLP重组抗原检测抗体的敏感性并不受影响.利用重组抗原HPV16 L1对宫颈癌的抗体进行定性、定量分析有助于该疾病的诊断.     

粗提和纯化的HPV16L1重组蛋白为抗原的ELISA比较

为评价真核及原核细胞表达的HPV16L1粗提蛋白代替纯化的16L1蛋白作为ELISA检测抗原的可行性。实验分别用大肠埃希菌表达的HPV16L1纯化蛋白,表达16L1的大肠埃希菌破碎物及表达16L1的昆虫细胞破碎物作为抗原。在ELISA试验中与抗HPV16L1的单克隆抗体进行反应。结果证实3种包被抗原可以得出非常相近的OD值变化趋势。表明用表达16L1的大肠埃希菌破碎物和表达16L1的昆虫细胞破碎物可以代替纯化的HPV16L1蛋白作为抗原进行ELISA试验。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.