体外诱导大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞向肝细胞方向分化的研究

目的:探讨大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞(ADMSCs)是否可以在体外被诱导向肝细胞方向分化。方法:从大鼠脂肪组织中分离出干细胞,行体外扩增、传代;用免疫荧光染色法检测其表面标志,用成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-4)和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)诱导其向肝细胞分化;倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化,诱导后14天和21天分别用免疫荧光检测法检测肝细胞标志物白蛋白的表达,每次换液时留取培养上清用尿素氮测试盒检测尿素氮含量。结果:免疫荧光检测显示从脂肪组织所获取的细胞表面标志CD29阳性,而CD31和CD145均为阴性;诱导14天后可逐渐观察到肝细胞样形态改变;免疫荧光检测到白蛋白表达;尿素氮检测显示诱导组尿素氮含量随时间延长而逐渐升高。结论:从大鼠脂肪组织中获取的脂肪间充质干细胞能在体外被诱导分化成形态、表型及功能与肝细胞相似的细胞。     

移植骨髓间充质干细胞源性神经元样细胞治疗大鼠脊髓损伤

目的:研究骨髓间充质干细胞源性神经元样细胞移植治疗成鼠脊髓损伤的可行性。方法:选取成年SD大鼠32只,两只用以提取骨髓间充质干细胞,其余被分为3组,其中细胞移植组10只,PBS缓冲液组10只,空白对照组10只。骨髓间充质干细胞分离传代培养并诱导成神经元样细胞后用Hoechst33342标记,损伤1周后采取静脉注射移植的方法移植于大鼠脊髓损伤区,移植六周后用免疫荧光方法检测细胞的存活及与宿主脊髓的整合情况。脊髓损伤后的1~6周对各组动物进行BBB评分,用SPSS12.0进行数据分析。结果:细胞移植组动物的BBB评分提高显著,于其他两组差异有统计学意义。细胞移植组免疫荧光显示,移植细胞在体内大量存活并桥接于脊髓损伤区的两端,存活的多数细胞神经元特异性标记物NSE、NF-200、星形胶质细胞特异性标记物GFAP表达呈阳性。结论:移植定向诱导的神经元样细胞有助于大鼠脊髓损伤后的功能恢复。     

大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞的鉴定及肝内移植的研究

目的:从脂肪组织中获取间充质干细胞(ADMSCs)并验证其多向分化潜能,探讨ADMSCs在肝再生中的作用。方法:获取大鼠脂肪组织,用胶原酶消化法获取干细胞,并进行体外扩增、传代,取第3代细胞分别用不同诱导培养液进行成骨、成脂诱导,诱导后通过细胞形态学和特殊染色观察诱导效果。用PKH26标记细胞,制作部分肝切除模型,将标记的自体ADMSCs经门静脉植入体内,2周后切下取肝脏制成冰冻切片,荧光显微镜观察植入细胞在肝脏的定位,免疫荧光染色观察其白蛋白的表达。结果:从脂肪组织中分离出的细胞能在体外大量扩增,能被诱导分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞,ADMSCs移植2周后,可见PKH26标记细胞散在分布于肝内,免疫荧光染色显示标记细胞白蛋白染色阳性。结论:大鼠脂肪组织中可以获取具有多向分化潜能的间充质干细胞,该细胞在肝再生环境中能向肝细胞分化,参与肝再生。     

胎肝滤液诱导大鼠胎盘间充质干细胞向肝细胞的分化

目的探讨PDMSCs向肝细胞增殖和分化的体外培养条件及方法。方法孕20 d的大鼠无菌条件下取胎盘,经胶原酶消化、密度离心、贴壁筛选法分离培养胎盘源间充质干细胞,并对其表面抗原进行鉴定。在体外培养体系中加入胎肝滤液,模拟体内肝脏微环境,诱导PDMSCs向肝细胞定向分化,以免疫细胞化学检测干细胞标志物;PAS检测糖原表达。结果在体外培养条件下,PDMSCs贴壁生长为成纤维样细胞,CD44表面标志物检测阳性;PDMSCs经胎肝滤液诱导14d时细胞呈现圆形、卵圆形的特征性改变,AFP、CK19表达阳性。结论胎肝滤液能够诱导PDMSCs定向分化为肝细胞样细胞。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞样细胞方向分化

探讨成纤维生长因子-2(FGF-2)在体外定向诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)向肝细胞样细胞分化的作用及量化关系。体外分离培养大鼠BM-MSCs,将第3代BM-MSCs采用不同剂量的FGF-2诱导。诱导后,在显微镜下观察细胞形态学的改变;用免疫细胞化学法检测白蛋白和CK19的分泌;Shiff染色法检测糖原的分泌。诱导后BM-MSCs由梭形向多角形、卵圆形方向变化,白蛋白、CK19和糖原12 d即有阳性表达,以后随着诱导时间的延长阳性率逐渐升高。20 ng/mL FGF-2诱导比10 ng/mL FGF-2诱导细胞白蛋白、CK19和糖原的表达量均多。20 ng/mL FGF-2具有较强的诱导BM-MSCs向肝细胞样细胞分化的能力。     

M-CSF诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞分化为肝样细胞的分子机制

本研究主要目的是明确M-CSF诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为肝样细胞的分子机制,为临床中的肝移植和治疗肝病提供新思路。对取自于本院骨科治疗的患者的股骨骨髓间充质干细胞进行提取、分离、传代培养及鉴定。流式细胞仪检测BMSCs的表面表型。为了诱导BMSCs的肝分化,本研究将BMSCs加入到培养基中。骨髓间充质干细胞诱导21 d后,BMSCs表达了肝细胞特异性标志物a-蛋白(AFP)和细胞角蛋白18(CK18),通过免疫荧光染色证实了分化与为分化的BMSCs表达的差异性。分化的BMSCs还显示了肝细胞的体外功能特征,包括白蛋白产生、尿素分泌和糖原储存。本研究结果表明,BMSCs在M-CSF诱导下可分化为功能性肝细胞样细胞,可作为肝病治疗的细胞来源。     

外胚间充质干细胞构建组织工程骨骼肌的应用研究

目的:探讨利用大鼠颌突外胚间充质干细胞构建组织工程骨骼肌的可行性,并观察对骨骼肌缺损的修复重建的促进效应。方法:取妊娠E 11.5胎鼠颌突外胚间充质干细胞,纯化后在含5ml/L体积浓度二甲基亚砜的DMEM/F12培养基中诱导分化为骨骼肌样细胞,将细胞种植于BAM膜上培养形成组织工程骨骼肌。将其移植入大鼠骨骼肌缺损模型,手术后14 d观察骨骼肌恢复情况,同期进行组织学及免疫组化染色鉴定。结果:经诱导后外胚间充质干细胞可向骨骼肌样细胞转化,构建的组织工程骨骼肌可加速缺损的修复重建,组织学染色显示外胚间充质干细胞具有正常骨骼肌的组织形态,可表达成肌相关蛋白MyOD。结论:诱导后的外胚间充质干细胞可作为种子细胞构建组织工程骨骼肌,本实验为临床肌肉的缺损修复奠定了理论基础。     

人羊膜间充质干细胞对四氯化碳诱导小鼠肝损伤定位修复的研究

目的：观察活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸（CFSE）标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞对四氯化碳诱导小鼠肝损伤模型的定位修复情况。方法：采用胰蛋白酶-胶原酶消化法从羊膜组织中分离间充质干细胞,通过流式细胞术和免疫荧光等方法进行鉴定。模型组按浓度为20μl/g剂量的四氯化碳和橄榄油混合液诱导小鼠肝损伤,治疗组经小鼠尾静脉注射羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞约1×10⁶个/ml。分别取模型组和细胞移植的治疗组小鼠眼球血和肝组织进行相关检测。结果：分离得到纯度较高的羊膜间充质干细胞;冰冻切片免疫荧光显示移植1周后细胞向小鼠受损肝组织定植,CFSE标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞呈绿色荧光;细胞移植后4周,与模型组比较,细胞移植组小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶显著降低,而白蛋白明显升高（P< 0.01）;肝组织病理切片模型组小鼠细胞水肿,坏死灶多见,脂肪变性,可见不同程度的炎性细胞浸润;治疗组小鼠肝组织病理学改变和损伤程度有较明显改善;小鼠肝组织冰冻切片的免疫荧光显示移植4周后人羊膜间充质干细胞周围分泌血清白蛋白。结论：羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞可有效改善肝组织的生理功能,为细胞定位移植治疗肝脏疾病的修复情况提供实验数据。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠半横断脊髓损伤

目的初步探讨骨髓间充质干细胞诱导为神经细胞,及其移植对大鼠脊髓半横断损伤神经功能恢复和运动的影响。方法贴壁培养法分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs),大鼠脊髓匀浆上清诱导第3代向神经细胞分化,经免疫组化鉴定分化后细胞的性质。制备大鼠半横断脊髓损伤模型,脊髓损伤局部注射BrdU标记诱导后的神经细胞。细胞移植5周后观察移植细胞在脊髓内存活分布情况。结果倒置显微镜下可见MSCs呈纺锤形和多角形,有1~2个核仁,经脊髓匀浆上清诱导后,发出数个细长突起,并交织成网,诱导后的细胞表达Nestin,可推测诱导后的细胞为MSCs源神经细胞。5周后移植的MSCs在宿主损伤脊髓内聚集并存活,表达MAP-2、NF、GFAP与对照组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。大鼠运动功能较移植前有所改善。结论MSCs经脊髓匀浆上清诱导后移植治疗大鼠半横断脊髓损伤可使运动功能得到改善。     

脐带间充质干细胞移植对慢性试验性肝损伤的治疗作用

目的观察脐带间充质干细胞（UC-MSC）对慢性实验性肝损伤的治疗作用并探讨其分子生物学机理。方法 50只7周龄的NOD/SCID小鼠注射四氯化碳（CCL4）制备慢性肝损伤模型后,应用随机数字表的方法随机将实验小鼠随机分成2组：模型组（25只）和UC-MSC移植组（25只）。UC-MSC移植组通过尾静脉注射移植1×106 UC-MSC,模型组注射同样体积的PBS。分别于移植后1、2、3和4周收集肝组织,应用免疫组织化学,RT-PCR和Western blot的方法分析细胞移植前后肝组织的病理生理学特征的变化。采用t检验和方差分析进行统计学分析。结果 UC-MSC移植治疗后肝组织表达人肝细胞特异性AFP,Alb,和内皮细胞特异性CD31,Flk-1。细胞移植4周后v WF标记的血管密度明显增加,同时伴有部分的肝功能改善,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平从（55.71±11.33）U/L减至（36.75±12.80）U/L（P〈0.05）。此外,本研究结果表明UC-MSC分泌几种重要的生长因子HGF,FGF-2,VEGF,和VEGF受体通过旁分泌的途径发挥肝组织修复的功能。结论在CCL4诱导的慢性肝损伤模型肝组织,人UC-MSC可以分化成肝细胞样细胞和内皮细胞样细胞,同时旁分泌多种细胞生长因子修复损伤的肝细胞,并伴有肝功能的改善。认为UCMSC移植或许成为将来肝脏损伤疾病一个重要的治疗选择。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.