根据叶表皮特征试论国产三齿稃亚族的属间关系

根据植物叶片表皮结构,尤其下表皮特征,对国产三齿稃亚族6个属(包括1个引进属)进行了属间关系的分析。结果表明：国产三齿稃亚族中固沙草属最原始,草沙蚕属最高级,双稃草属、千金子属、三齿稃属和隐子草属演化居于其间;隐子草属可能直接起源于固沙草属,并在自身基础上派生了较为高级的三齿稃属;双稃草属与千金子属渊源关系直接,前者可能通过后者问接起生于固沙草属;草沙蚕属具有别于它属的性状级次,可能是起源于固沙草属、独树1支的顶级类群。这一结果不仅修正了前人演化理论的差误,而且为今后探讨该亚族的地理起源、散布路线提供了资料。     

大白蚁属Macrotermes分子研究进展

大白蚁属Macrotermes是等翅目白蚁科大白蚁亚科(Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae)中的一类高等培菌白蚁。本文综述了1996年来有关大白蚁属分子研究的文章,提供了截止目前大白蚁属Macrotermes 生物学信息,并分析了目前大白蚁属的分子研究现状,含等翅目系统关系,大白蚁属种间关系,大白蚁拟工蚁与食性演变,大白蚁属与其共生菌关系,及其分子研究的发展方向,特别是中国大白蚁属分子研究现状。     

基于RAPD技术探讨黄精属部分药用植物系统位置

目的：从分子水平探讨黄精属部分药用植物间的系统位置。方法：采用RAPD分子标记方法,以同科万寿竹属植物宝铎草（Disporum sessile D．Don）为外类群,对百合科黄精属19批（6种）药用植物进行基因组DNA的多态性分析,通过聚类分析探讨黄精种属间亲缘关系。结果：筛选出7条随机引物,聚类结果表明,黄精属植物在属级分类上特征明显,但属内分类有交叉。结论：RAPD技术可以为黄精属的分类和种的鉴别提供一定的理论依据。     

Identification of dimethyl disulfide-forming bacteria isolated from activated sludge

Twenty-four strains with high dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)-forming ability were isolated from activated sludge and identified to the genus level. These bacteria were classified into four groups (A, B, C, and D) by the API ZYM System (API System S.A., Montalieu, France). Group A (three strains) was identified as genus Lactobacillus by the API 20B System, by the method of Cowan and Steel, and by production of lactic acid as confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography. Group B (eight strains) was identified as genus Corynebacterium by API 20B and the Cowan and Steel method. Group C (one strain) was suggested to belong to genus Corynebacterium by the API 20B System. Group D (12 strains) was identified as genus Pseudomonas or Alcaligenes by the API 20B System, as genus Alcaligenes by the Cowan and Steel method, and as Achromobacter group Vd by the API 20NE System. However, on the basis of guanine-plus-cytosine contents in DNA and form of flagella, these strains were identified as genus Pseudomonas. Formation of DMDS from DL-methionine and S-methyl-L-cysteine was tested. DMDS-forming bacteria isolated from activated sludge formed DMDS from both precursors. In genus Pseudomonas, P. aeruginosa could not form DMDS from either precursor, but P. acidovorans, P. alcaligenes, P. pseudoalcaligenes, and P. testosteroni formed DMDS. In genus Alcaligenes, A. denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans, A. denitrificans subsp. denitrificans, A. faecalis, and A. odorans formed DMDS from both precursors. Achromobacter group Vd formed DMDS from S-methyl-L-cysteine, but could not from DL-methionine.     

First record of the genus aprivesa melichar (hemiptera: fulgoromorpha) from South India, with description of one new species

Aprivesa unimaculatasp. n. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) is described and illustrated from Coorg, south India. This represents the first record of the genus Aprivesa Melichar from India and the fourth known species of Aprivesa. The new taxon greatly extends the range of the genus Aprivesa, which was previously known as an endemic Australian genus. A checklist of all known species of the Ricaniidae from India and keys to all the known genera of the Ricaniidae from India and all species in the genus are provided.     

Five new species of Triotemnus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Morocco and Yemen

Fivenew species of the genus Triotemnus from Morocco and Yemen are described. Triotemnus is a new genus of Scolytinae for the Yemen region. External morphology of the new species and all morphologically related species of the genus were studied. While the new species from Morocco are morphologically similar to the known species from the corresponding region, all three newly described species from Yemen, mainly two of them living in Socotra, are morphologically very different from all other known species of the genus. Geographical distribution and the probability of endemicity are discussed.     

Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Ixora

Ixora is a genus of ca. 400 species in the family Rubiaceae. Since the 1940s, eighty‐one compounds including phenolics, peptides, terpenoids, and sterols have been isolated from six species of the genus Ixora. Pharmacological studies have shown that these compounds and extracts from the Ixora genus have extensive activities, such as antitumor, chemoprotective, and antioxidant activities. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical progress and list the compounds isolated from the genus Ixora. The biological activities of this genus are also covered.     

甘肃南部巴蜗牛科(腹足纲:巴蜗牛科)的种类名录

本文根据甘肃南部所辖地区采集的腹足目巴蜗牛科标本和国内外报道,对其进行系统整理研究,列出巴蜗牛科动物76种,分隶11属1科,其中30种为甘肃省新纪录.     

Two new species of Acervus (Pezizales) with a key to species of the genus

Studies on the genus Acervus from China are reviewed briefly. Six of the seven known species of the genus are currently recorded in this country. Acervus beijingense and A. changchunense are described as new based on morphological features and molecular data, and A. flavidus with minor emendation is added to the Chinese fungus flora. Phylogenetic relationships among four of the seven species of the genus are investigated based on the 28S rDNA sequence analysis. Species of the genus formed a single clade with high bootstrap support. The sequences of A. epispartius forma epispartius and that of A. flavidus obtained from materials in different geographical regions together formed a group with 100% bootstrap support. Ascospore size and shape are important criteria in the taxonomy of the genus and are phylogenetically informative. A dichotomous key to all described species of the genus is provided.     

新疆青海中度嗜盐放线菌生物多样性初步研究

从我国新疆、青海等地采集数份盐碱土样或泥样,采用淀粉-酪素琼脂培养基、甘油天门冬酰胺琼脂培养基、土壤浸汁琼脂培养基分别从中分离到8株、32株中度嗜盐放线菌菌株。经形态、生理学特性与全细胞壁氨基酸组分分析结果比较,选取其中的14株进行16S rDNA序列分析。就物种多样性而言,新疆、青海分离到中度嗜盐放线菌分布至少有3个科,5个属。其中有拟诺卡氏菌科（Nocardiopsaceae）的拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)和链单孢菌属（Streptomonospora）;假诺卡氏菌科(Pseudonocardiaceae)的普氏菌属(Prauserella)和糖单孢菌属(Saccharomonospora);链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)的链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。就地区分布来讲,新疆分离到的中度嗜盐放线菌种类要远高于青海。     

Helminths in Mesaspis monticola (Squamata: Anguidae) from Costa Rica, with the description of a new species of Entomelas (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) and a new species of Skrjabinodon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae)

Entomelas duellmani n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabdiasidae) from the lungs and Skrjabinodon cortagoensis n. sp. (Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae) from the intestines of Mesaspis monticola (Sauria: Anguidae) are described and illustrated. E. duellmani is the sixth species assigned to the genus and is the third species described from the Western Hemisphere. It is easily separated from other neotropical species in the genus by pre-equatorial position of its vulva. Skrjabinodon cartagoensis is the 24th species assigned to the genus and differs from other neotropical species in the genus by female tail morphology.     

中国木兰科11属40种植物的核形态研究

为了探讨木兰科属间系统学关系和一些种的分类学地位,对中国木兰科11属40种进行了核形态研究。所研究的20种木莲属植物都为二倍体,表明木莲属植物主要是在二倍体水平上进化的,不同的种类具有各自的遗传组成,细微的染色体结构变异可能导致种间形态发生了明显的变化。木兰属的染色体数目具多样性,表明属内存在着不同倍性水平上的进化,说明木兰属分布广泛、形态复杂多样有其细胞学基础。细胞学证据支持木莲属应为独立的属,不宜于归并到木兰属。已观察的含笑属都为二倍体,而木兰属玉兰亚属的大多数种类为多倍体。我们认为维持现有的含笑属的分类地位和范围是恰当的,不支持将含笑属和玉兰亚属合并为一属。拟单性木兰属都是多倍体。木兰科植物形态特征重叠,性状呈网状进化,细胞学证据在探讨一些大属属下种的分类地位时具有一定价值,但论及整个科的分类系统和属间亲缘关系时,作用比较微弱。本文在细胞学基础上,结合形态和地理分布,重点对木莲属一些种类的分类地位进行了讨论。     

Cyclorhiza and Chuanminshen—Two newly proposed genera in Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

Cyclorhiza, a new genus based upon Ligusticum waltonii Wolff, is here proposed. From the ample materials now in our herbarium, we found that the genus differs from the species of Ligusticum. As the result of our study, the systematic position of this new genus should be considered as a member of the tribe Smyrnieae Koch. Chuanminshen, another new monotypic genus, is here also proposed. It was often considered as not different from Changium Wolff, but it is a cleary deliminated natural genus being quite remote from Changium Wolff. This new genus is quite reasonably to be placed in the tribePeucedaneae.     

Diagnosis and relationships of the myrmicine ant genus Ishakidris gen.n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract. The ant genus lshakidris from Sarawak is described as new. Its relationships with the Brasilian monotypic genus Phalacromyrmex Kempf and the Malagasy monotypic genus Pilotrochus Brown are discussed, and the Phalacromyrmex genus-group is established to hold the three genera. The resemblances of lshakidris to the smithistrumiform dacetine genus Glamymmyrmex Wheeler and the agroecomyrmecine genus Tatuidris Brown & Kempf are discussed and the similarities are analysed as the results of convergence in the characters concerned.     

The identity of Siderobombyx and a new species of Xanthophytum (Rubiaceae)

The monotypic genus Sidernbombyx is reduced to Xanthophytum . A new species Xanthophytum bullatum from Borneo, Sarawak, Gunung Mulu National Park is described, the first species in the genus with bullate leaves. An overview of character states is given for the genus Xanthophytum . This covers aspects of vegetative, flower, fruit, seed and pollen morphology. It is shown that the genus Kajewskiellu is very close to Xanthophytum .     

金丝桃属植物化学成分研究进展

到目前为止,已从金丝桃属植物中分离得到300多种化合物,主要特征化学成分为萘骈二蒽酮、间苯三酚、酮和黄酮等类型化合物;也含有香豆素、苯丙素、萜类和挥发油等其它类型的化学成分。本文按照化合物结构类型进行了归纳,综述了该类植物的化学成分研究进展,同时简述了这些成分的相关药理作用。     

Mariapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new genus of Neotropical microgastrine parasitoid wasp discovered through biodiversity inventory

A new genus of microgastrine parasitoid wasps, Mariapanteles Whitfield & Fernández-Triana, gen. n., is described from rain forests of the Neotropics. The new genus is related to the common and speciose genus Pseudapanteles, but can be distinguished from the latter by having a complete transverse carina on the propodeum which forks around the spiracles. A molecular analysis based on data from COI from specimens of the proposed new genus plus possibly related genera confirms its generic distinctness. A key to two known species, Mariapanteles felipei Whitfield, sp. n. (Costa Rica) and Mariapanteles dapkeyae Fernández-Triana, sp. n. (Brazil) is provided. Evidence from collections suggests that there are other undescribed Neotropical congenerics. Specimens of Mariapanteles were likely confused in the past with the genus Beyarslania (referred to as Xenogaster until recently) but present information suggests that Beyarslania is restricted to the Afrotropical region while the Neotropical species clearly belong to a different genus, which we propose as new.     

Bioactivity of the compounds in genus Dysoxylum

The genus Dysoxylum is a large genus comprising of about a dozen species, distributed in India. This is the genus which is rich in compounds like terpenoids and alkaloids. The isolated compounds from the genus were reported to have interesting biological activities. This review contains the chemical structures, along with their biological activities reported in the literature.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ammostigmus</Emphasis>, a new genus of digger wasps of the subtribe Ammoplanina (Hymenoptera,Crabronidae) from southwestern India

A new pemphredonine genus, Ammostigmus (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), is described from southwestern India. The new genus differs from the other genera of the subtribe Ammoplanina in the quadridentate apical margin of the clypeus, non-bilobed labrum, the presence of postspiracular carina and omaulus, and the absence of episternal sulcus. Phylogenetically the new genus is most closely related to the genus Protostigmus Turner, 1918.