高温胁迫对二倍体和四倍体杂交兰相关生理生化特征的影响

以二倍体杂交兰及其加倍后形成的四倍体为材料,研究了高温胁迫(40℃/30℃,光周期为12h/d)处理对二倍体及其四倍体杂交兰幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、膜损伤程度、渗透调节物质含量以及保护酶活性等生理生化特性的影响,以明确其抗热性差异。结果显示:高温胁迫后,各材料叶绿素含量均随胁迫时间延长呈下降趋势,且四倍体杂交兰的下降幅度小于二倍体;两种倍性杂交兰叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量均增加,O2.-释放速率总体呈下降的趋势,但四倍体MDA含量增幅和O2.-释放速率始终低于二倍体;四倍体叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量的增幅均大于二倍体,其SOD、CAT活性的增幅也均显著大于二倍体,但其POD活性的降幅则小于二倍体。研究表明,四倍体杂交兰具有较强的细胞渗透调节能力、蛋白质合成能力、蛋白质稳定性以及消除活性氧伤害的能力,耐热性强于二倍体。     

Na2CO3胁迫对芦荟幼苗叶片叶绿体保护酶和渗透调节物质的影响

以盆栽耐盐碱芦荟'不夜城'幼苗为材料,采用不同浓度Na2CO3溶液(不同渗透势)处理芦荟幼苗7 d后,测定其叶片叶绿体保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性以及叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、渗透调节物质含量和电解质外渗率等的变化,以探讨芦荟抵抗盐碱胁迫伤害的机制.结果显示:当溶液渗透势较高时(大于-7.19×105 Pa),Na2CO3胁迫下的芦荟幼苗叶片叶绿体保护酶活性都呈显著上升趋势,而叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白、MDA含量以及电解质外渗率却无明显变化;在溶液渗透势较低时(小于-7.19×105 Pa),Na2CO3胁迫下芦荟幼苗的渗透调节物质含量显著增高,叶绿体保护酶活性特别是叶绿素含量显著下降,而MDA含量和电解质外渗率却呈上升的趋势.研究表明:一定浓度的Na2CO3胁迫下,芦荟幼苗可以通过提高自身叶绿体保护酶的活性来降低活性氧的积累量,同时提高渗透调节能力来增强其抗逆性;但在过高浓度的盐碱胁迫下,过高的Na+浓度和pH也会对芦荟幼苗叶片造成一定的氧化伤害.     

二倍体和四倍体杂交兰幼苗对低温胁迫的生理响应差异分析

为探究不同倍性杂交兰（Cymbidium hybrid）对低温胁迫的生理响应差异,对低温胁迫下（昼温10℃、夜温4℃）二倍体杂交兰以及四倍体杂交兰株系T1和T2幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、MDA和叶绿素含量,O-·2产生速率以及SOD、POD和CAT活性的动态变化进行了测定和分析;在此基础上,比较了二倍体和四倍体杂交兰的耐低温特性差异。结果显示：随着胁迫时间的延长,二倍体杂交兰和四倍体杂交兰株系T1和T2幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量,O-·2产生速率以及POD和CAT活性总体呈逐渐增加的趋势;叶绿素含量呈逐渐下降的趋势;SOD活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,并分别在胁迫后第9天和第6天达到峰值。在常温（25℃）下恢复生长3d后,二倍体杂交兰和四倍体杂交兰株系T1和T2幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量,O-·2产生速率以及SOD、POD和CAT活性均降低,而叶绿素含量升高。总体上,二倍体杂交兰叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量以及SOD、POD和CAT活性的增幅明显小于四倍体杂交兰,MDA含量和O-·2产生速率的增幅则大于四倍体杂交兰,而叶绿素含量的降幅则明显大于四倍体杂交兰。综合分析结果表明：在低温胁迫下,四倍体杂交兰叶片中渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性均较高,其对低温的耐性强于二倍体杂交兰。     

不同倍性小麦对盐胁迫的适应性差异

为了揭示不同倍性小麦适应盐胁迫的差异,该研究以人工合成六倍体(AABBDD)小麦及其四倍体(AABB)小麦(Triticum turgidum)和二倍体(DD)节节麦(Aegilops tauschii)亲本为材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl(0、200 mmol·L~(-1))胁迫处理下小麦幼苗K~+、Na~+含量以及K~+/Na~+的变化规律,以及不同浓度(0、50、100、200 mmol·L~(-1))盐胁迫对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的影响规律。结果表明:四倍体表现出显著的高Na~+低K~+以及较低的K~+/Na~+,二倍体表现出显著的低Na~+高K~+和较高的K~+/Na~+,NaCl胁迫时离子含量变化大,对盐胁迫的适应性更强,六倍体在积累K~+的能力上也有一定的优势。低浓度(50~100 mmol·L~(-1))盐胁迫使3种倍性材料的丙二醛含量和抗氧化酶活性升高。四倍体在累积渗透调节物质和调节抗氧化酶活性的能力上显著强于二倍体和六倍体,六倍体在POD活性以及积累脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的能力上也具有一定的优势。根据研究结果推测,含有DD染色体组的二倍体节节麦主要通过调节K~+/Na~+来适应盐胁迫,而含有AABB染色体组的四倍体小麦主要通过调节抗氧化酶的活性累积渗透调节物质来适应盐胁迫,作为二倍体和四倍体远缘杂种的人工合成六倍体小麦则表现出了综合的耐盐适应性机制,相较于两亲本具有更加广泛耐盐适应性。     

外源NO缓解蝴蝶兰低温胁迫伤害的生理机制研究

以蝴蝶兰品种‘台湾黄金’幼苗(苗龄15个月)为试验材料,通过叶面喷施200μmol·L-1的NO供体硝普钠(SNP),低温胁迫(昼/夜:12℃/7℃)处理5d和10d,分别测定叶片电解质渗漏率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、pH、渗透调节物质含量及几种保护酶活性,探讨外源NO缓解蝴蝶兰低温胁迫伤害的生理机制。结果表明:低温胁迫条件下,预施SNP处理可以有效抑制蝴蝶兰叶片电解质渗漏率、MDA含量和pH的上升,显著提高叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸(Pro)含量,显著延缓超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性的下降,增强多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性。研究认为,外源NO供体SNP可以通过保护蝴蝶兰幼苗的细胞膜系统,增加渗透调节物质含量,提高保护酶活性来减轻低温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗的伤害,提高其抗低温胁迫的能力。     

淹水胁迫对不结球白菜渗透调节物质含量的影响

以不结球白菜‘新矮青’品种为材料,研究了不同时间(1、3、5、7d)和不同程度(根淹、半淹、全淹)淹水处理及解除淹水恢复生长后叶片内渗透调节物质含量的变化规律。结果表明:(1)在根淹和半淹胁迫处理下,不结球白菜叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量随处理时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势;全淹胁迫下,这3种渗透调节物质的含量随处理时间的延长出现不同程度的下降。(2)解除淹水恢复生长7d后,各处理组的不结球白菜叶片中渗透调节物质的含量在短期(1d)淹水下基本恢复正常,在长期淹水条件下未完全恢复;全淹处理组恢复能力较弱,而根淹处理组恢复能力相对较强;可溶性糖的恢复幅度高于可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸。     

木薯‘新选048’二倍体及其同源四倍体对干旱胁迫的生理响应

为研究不同倍性木薯对干旱胁迫耐受能力的差异,本研究以木薯品种‘新选048’二倍体及其同源四倍体盆栽苗为材料,设置不同程度的干旱胁迫,研究干旱对2个倍性木薯苗形态、渗透调节物质、抗氧化能力及内源激素的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的加强,2个倍性的木薯叶片均出现下垂、萎蔫、变黄,进而干枯的症状,二倍体表现更为严重。可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸(Pro)含量基本随着胁迫程度的加剧而逐渐增加,二倍体更为敏感,积累量大于四倍体。2个倍性材料的抗氧化相关指标基本随着干旱程度的加强而升高,四倍体总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性比二倍体高,而过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性比二倍体低。随着干旱程度的增加,2个倍性材料的赤霉素(GA)含量先上升后下降,在四倍体中的含量始终大于二倍体;吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量变化不规则;玉米素核苷(ZR)含量在二倍体中逐渐下降,而在四倍体中先轻微上升后下降,在四倍体中下降幅度较大,但ZR含量在四倍体中始终大于二倍体中的含量;脱落酸(ABA)含量先上升后下降,轻度胁迫下四倍体大于二倍体,其他程度胁迫下二倍体大于四倍体。综合分析,在干旱胁迫下,四倍体木薯产生较强的抗氧化能力,同时通过GA、ZR和ABA的协同作用,延长叶片的功能期,从而达到比二倍体抗旱的效果。     

喷施多效唑提高麻疯树幼苗耐盐性的生理机制

研究了600 mg?L-1 PP333喷施对200 mmol?L-1 NaCl胁迫处理下麻疯树幼苗干重、含水量、叶片细胞超微结构、光合作用、叶片渗透调节能力、叶片丙二醛含量和叶片抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：600 mg?L-1 PP333喷施处理能显著提高200 mmol?L-1 NaCl胁迫下植株的干重、根冠比和叶片含水量,同时显著降低叶片电解质外渗率（ELP）,降低叶片细胞超微结构的伤害程度,显著提高了其叶绿素含量、净光合速率、渗透调节能力、SOD酶活性和CAT酶活性,显著降低了MDA含量和POD酶活性。可见,PP333喷施能显著提高麻疯树幼苗对盐渍的适应,主要因为其提高了植株的抗氧化能力、光合作用、渗透调节能力。     

温度对紫色不结球白菜外观和营养品质的影响

以紫色不结球白菜品种‘紫衣’为试验材料,利用人工气候箱,采用盆栽法,研究3个不同温度(5℃、25℃和35℃)条件对紫色不结球白菜叶片颜色和营养品质等指标的影响,为优质紫色不结球白菜设施栽培温度的选择提供依据。结果显示:(1)紫色不结球白菜在受到5℃低温处理时,叶片紫色会随着处理时间的延长而加深,最终呈深紫色;反之,当受到35℃高温时,叶片颜色逐渐变浅,直至叶片呈绿色,该现象与叶片中花青素含量的变化规律一致。(2)与正常25℃相比,紫色不结球白菜叶片中的还原糖、可溶性糖和总糖含量在受到高温胁迫(35℃)后逐渐降低,而在低温(5℃)处理下,先增后减,且高温降低幅度大于低温;可溶性蛋白、还原性抗坏血酸和氨基酸含量也随着高温胁迫的延长而降低,但低温处理下则逐渐增加;抗坏血酸-过氧化物酶活性(APX)、纤维素和硝酸盐含量在高温胁迫下逐渐增加,低温条件下则显著降低。研究发现,不同温度明显影响着紫色不结球白菜叶片紫色深浅,低温促进花青素积累,高温抑制或是加速花青素的降解;低温能促进叶片可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸和氨基酸等品质指标的积累,同时降低纤维素含量,从而提高紫色不结球白菜的外观和营养品质,高温胁迫则降低以上品质指标。     

不同倍性不结球白菜Pol CMS及保持系生理生化特性比较

对二、四倍体不结球白菜Pol CMS及其保持系花蕾和薹叶进行生理生化特性比较分析,结果表明:不育系花蕾中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量均显著低于保持系,且各指标在不育系中四倍体低于二倍体,而在保持系中则四倍体高于二倍体;不育系MDA含量,POD、SOD、CAT活性均高于保持系,不育系中四倍体均高于二倍体.而保持系中四倍体均低于二倍体;薹叶中MDA含量,POD、SOD、CAT活性均为不育系高于保持系,不育系中四倍体高于二倍体;POD、EST同工酶显示不育系与保持系间均具特异酶带,但不同倍性间并无差异.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.