低温胁迫对不同倍性不结球白菜生长及生理生化特征的影响

在田间自然低温条件下对二、四倍体不结球白菜的生长特性进行了比较研究,并在光照培养箱中于-5~5℃条件下,分析低温胁迫对它们生理生化特征的影响。结果表明:(1)四倍体不结球白菜的10叶厚、叶柄宽和厚、单株重、单株叶重、叶重/叶柄重及小区产量等农艺性状均显著高于其同源二倍体;(2)随温度的降低,二、四倍体不结球白菜的叶片可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖及游离脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量明显上升,电解质外渗率增大,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性则先升高后降,而且四倍体材料的渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性在低温胁迫过程中始终明显高于二倍体,但电解质外渗率和丙二醛含量低于二倍体。研究发现,低温胁迫下渗透调节物质含量升高和保持较高的保护酶活性是四倍体不结球白菜抗寒性强的主要原因。     

不结球白菜表皮蜡质高温胁迫生理响应

为了明晰高温胁迫下表皮蜡质在不结球白菜生理响应中的保护作用,该研究以不结球白菜有蜡(Q28)和无蜡(Q1202)品种为试验材料,设置高温胁迫组(昼/夜温度为37℃/30℃)和对照组(昼/夜温度为25℃/18℃)处理,观察不同材料叶片表皮细胞形态,比较分析高温胁迫处理下不同时期生理和光合指标变化的差异.结果 表明:(1)...     

淹水胁迫对不结球白菜渗透调节物质含量的影响

以不结球白菜‘新矮青’品种为材料,研究了不同时间(1、3、5、7d)和不同程度(根淹、半淹、全淹)淹水处理及解除淹水恢复生长后叶片内渗透调节物质含量的变化规律。结果表明:(1)在根淹和半淹胁迫处理下,不结球白菜叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量随处理时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势;全淹胁迫下,这3种渗透调节物质的含量随处理时间的延长出现不同程度的下降。(2)解除淹水恢复生长7d后,各处理组的不结球白菜叶片中渗透调节物质的含量在短期(1d)淹水下基本恢复正常,在长期淹水条件下未完全恢复;全淹处理组恢复能力较弱,而根淹处理组恢复能力相对较强;可溶性糖的恢复幅度高于可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸。     

壳聚糖对不结球白菜营养品质和某些农艺性状的影响

0.4～0.6mg·g~(-1)(种子)和20～40μg·mL~(-1)浓度范围内壳聚糖拌种及喷叶处理都能提高不结球白菜叶片中可溶性蛋白、总氨基酸、可溶性总糖、维生素C以及总叶绿素含量,降低粗纤维含量,从而改善不结球白菜的营养品质,同时不结球白菜的单株总鲜重、株高、最大叶面积、根鲜重以及根长也有增加。     

低温胁迫对不结球白菜光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以盆栽的耐寒性不同的不结球白菜品系001、007和010为材料,在玻璃温室中对各品系进行常温(CK,昼/夜温度为20℃/15℃)和低温(昼/夜温度为7℃/2℃)处理,研究低温对不结球白菜的冷害指数、光合指标和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明:低温胁迫条件下,3个品系不结球白菜的净光合速率(Pn)均较CK显著下降,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著降低,而品系001各项指标显著高于其他品系;不同品系非光化学猝灭(NPQ)均呈增加趋势,品系间增加幅度差异不显著.低温胁迫下,品系001叶片吸收的光能中用于有效电子传递的比例较高,光合受抑程度较轻;007和010的电子传递速率显著下降,过剩激发能显著高于001,光合活性受损较严重.研究发现,低温胁迫下各不结球白菜品系非光化学耗散差异不显著,电子传递的有效性和光化学效率的差异是导致各品系耐冷性差异的主要原因.     

不结球白菜种子活力及抗氧化特性在人工老化过程中的变化

以不结球白菜品种‘寒笑’种子为材料,研究高温(42℃)高湿(相对湿度100%)人工老化处理过程中种子活力及抗氧化相关特性的变化。结果显示:不结球白菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数随老化处理时间的延长而逐渐下降,不正常苗率逐渐增加;种子的超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率先增高后降低,过氧化氢(H2O2)含量逐渐增加,脂氧合酶(LOX)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,种子浸出液相对电导率增加;种子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随老化处理时间的延长逐渐下降,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性在老化处理初期(老化3 d前)均增加,APX活性随后降低,GPX活性无显著变化;种子抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量在老化处理1 d后即显著降低并持续保持较低水平。研究表明,不结球白菜种子在人工加速老化过程中其抗氧化系统代谢紊乱并造成活性氧累积伤害,这可能是引起不结球白菜种子老化的重要原因。     

不结球白菜幼苗对中、碱性钠盐胁迫响应差异性研究

不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)是重要的蔬菜作物, 近年来由于不合理的灌溉及栽培方式导致设施土壤次生盐渍化越来越严重, 对蔬菜生产造成不良影响, 盐碱胁迫也会抑制不结球白菜正常生长。以往有关不结球白菜耐盐碱研究更多的是关注中性盐对不结球白菜生长与生理的影响, 而有关碱性盐对不结球白菜生长与生理的研究则较少。本研究通过水培实验, 设置不同的盐碱胁迫处理, 研究不结球白菜对中、碱性钠盐胁迫响应差异机制。研究发现: 同等胁迫浓度下, 相比于中性盐胁迫, 碱性碳酸盐胁迫下不结球白菜幼苗的鲜重、生物量、各个叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量降低更多。相比也中性盐, 碱性盐对不结球白菜抗氧化系统影响更大, 过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性更高MDA含量和质膜透性(MI)值更高, 而过氧化酶(CAT)活性则在碱胁迫下较低。相比于中性盐胁迫, 碱性碳酸盐胁迫下不结球白菜体内脯氨酸和可溶性糖的积累量更高, 对不结球白菜渗透调节系统影响更大。根据实验结果得出, 相比于中性盐胁迫, 碱性碳酸盐胁迫对不结球白菜生长抑制作用更强, 对其生理影响更大。     

秸秆浸提液漂浮栽培对不结球白菜产量及相关品质特性的影响

以1/4园试营养液为对照,以腐熟发酵的农业秸秆(苋菜和番茄植株残体)浸提液模拟富含N、P的水体进行不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino)的漂浮栽培,对茎叶的单株鲜质量和干质量及叶片的VC、可溶性蛋白质、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量及可溶性糖总含量进行了比较分析。结果表明:在24 d的栽培周期内,随生长时间的延长,处理组和对照组茎叶的单株鲜质量和干质量均呈增加趋势,但从第10天开始,处理组茎叶的单株鲜质量和干质量均显著低于对照组。栽培初期叶片VC含量均最高且处理组叶片VC含量显著低于对照组;从第10天开始,叶片VC含量降低,但处理组叶片VC含量与对照组无显著差异。处理组与对照组叶片可溶性蛋白质含量均呈波动的变化趋势,但总体差异不显著。处理组叶片蔗糖含量总体上与对照组差异不显著,仅在第24天显著低于对照组。处理组叶片的果糖含量均高于对照组,特别是在第24天为对照组的1.81倍,差异显著。叶片葡萄糖含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性糖总含量则呈波动的变化趋势,对照组叶片葡萄糖含量和可溶性糖总含量总体上高于处理组,但差异不显著。研究结果显示:用秸秆浸提液漂浮栽培,虽然不结球白菜的生长量(即产量)有所减少,但相关的品质指标变化不大,对果糖合成和积累还有一定的促进作用,因而,此种秸秆浸提液可用于栽培商品不结球白菜。     

多蒴灰藓（苔藓植物门：藓纲）对短期极端温度的生理响应

近年来,藓类植物作为一类模式植物,在分子生物学、抗性生理学研究中受到重视,因此,开展逆境条件下藓类植物渗透调节物质和膜保护系统相关指标变化的研究,将为了解藓类植物对逆境条件适应的生理机制提供基础资料。多蒴灰藓（Hypnum fertile Senden.）分布广泛,生境多样,本文研究了低温(5℃)和高温(40℃和60℃)在不同胁迫时间(0、1、2、4、6、8h)下多蒴灰藓体内可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）含量和过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化,以期了解多蒴灰藓对不同温度条件的适应能力和响应的生理机制。结果表明：在5℃低温处理下,随处理时间延长,多蒴灰藓的可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,在高温处理下,呈现先升高后降低的趋势;游离脯氨酸、MDA在低温和高温胁迫下随处理时间延长都逐渐升高。CAT在5℃低温处理下活性逐渐升高,在40℃高温处理下先升高后降低,在60℃高温处理下则迅速降低,6 h后酶完全丧失活性。SOD的活性在5℃低温处理下随处理时间延长逐渐降低,在高温处理下则表现出先升高后降低趋势,40℃高温胁迫下6 h达到最大值,60℃胁迫下0.5 h达到最大值。POD在5℃和40℃处理下活性随处理时间延长逐渐升高,在60℃高温处理下则先升高后降低。这些结果表明,多蒴灰藓适生于20℃左右的温度条件下,60℃高温对多蒴灰藓的伤害明显,与高温相比,多蒴灰藓更适合生长于低温环境;多蒴灰藓通过增加游离脯氨酸以提高对温度逆境的适应;POD和CAT在多蒴灰藓抵御低温胁迫时可能起着主要作用,而SOD则在其抵御高温胁迫时起一定的作用。     

不同老化程度的不结球白菜种子活力指标变化及其相关分析

以不结球白菜品种‘高梗白’种子为材料,采用高温(42℃)高湿(相对湿度100%)人工加速老化处理,研究不同老化程度下种子活力指标的变化及其相关性。结果显示:(1)发芽指标(除不正常苗率)和出苗指标均随种子老化程度的加深而显著下降,不正常苗率显著上升。(2)随老化程度的加深,种子中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著下降;种子的超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率先增高后降低,过氧化氢(H2O2)含量逐渐增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,种子浸出液相对电导率升高;种子的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和脱氢酶活性下降,α-淀粉酶活性先升高后降低。(3)老化种子的发芽势、发芽率、SOD活性、H2O2含量、相对电导率和可溶性糖含量与出苗指标间均存在极显著相关性。研究表明,不结球白菜种子的发芽势、发芽率、SOD活性、H2O2含量和可溶性糖含量随老化程度加深的变化规律一致,且指标间以及与出苗指标均有极显著相关性,可以作为检验不结球白菜种子活力的候选指标。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV