高酶活菌株的筛选及漆酶特性

通过Bavendamn氏反应和液体发酵实验筛选出漆酶高产菌株 ,并对其产酶条件和酶活性进行了研究。结果表明 71株实验真菌中有 64株Bavendamn氏反应呈阳性 ,且阳性菌株都具有漆酶活性 ;不同菌株产酶培养基最适碳源、氮源不同 ,采绒革盖菌以淀粉为碳源、干酪素为氮源 ,毛栓菌以麦草粉为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源 ,有利于酶的分泌 ;不同来源漆酶性质不尽相同 ,采绒革盖菌漆酶最适酶解温度为 2 5℃ ,最适酶解pH值为4.6,毛栓菌则分别为 3 0℃和 pH 4.0 ;K+ ,Zn2 + 等对 2种漆酶均有激活作用 ,Ag+ 则能明显抑制漆酶活性。     

一株产高温蛋白酶嗜热菌A-2的筛选鉴定及酶学特性分析

本研究为从云南腾冲热泉中分离纯化得到一株产高温蛋白酶的菌株并对其进行驯化培养,用以探究该菌株的生长条件及酶学特性,通过选择培养基筛选能够分解脱脂奶粉产蛋白酶的菌株,应用常规方法液体培养菌体,探究温度、pH、碳源、氮源对菌株生长情况的影响,并采用福林酚法测蛋白酶活性。并提取蛋白酶液对酶的最适pH、温度以及热稳定性、pH稳定性进行研究。结果发现通过含脱脂奶粉的固体培养基筛选得到一株产蛋白酶菌株A-2,经过生理生化试验和16S rDNA鉴定知该菌种属于Aneurinibacillus属。酵母粉、葡萄糖、55℃、pH值7.5分别为菌株生长的最适氮源、碳源、温度和pH。此外该菌株所产的蛋白酶最适温度为60℃,在pH值7~9具有较好的酶活性。因此,该菌株为嗜热芽孢杆菌,所产的碱性蛋白酶具有较高的耐受温度和pH稳定性,为进一步开发利用提供参考的价值。     

嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.产淀粉酶培养基优化及产酶条件研究

目的：对产淀粉酶嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.菌株进行培养基优化及产酶条件研究,以便提高菌株的产酶能力,并为下一步菌 株的诱变育种研究提供基础。方法：常规方法液体培养菌株,用平板初筛和DNS法复筛选择产淀粉酶能力较高的菌株;单因素筛 选培养基最适的碳源、氮源、Ca2+浓度和Mg2+浓度,对单因素筛选的最佳碳源、氮源、Ca2+和Mg2+的三个较佳浓度进行四因素三 水平正交试验优化培养基;对培养基不同pH值及不同培养温度进行培养条件研究。结果：产淀粉酶菌株筛选结果显示：六株菌中 淀粉酶酶活力值最大的是菌株Anoxybacillu sp.DL4,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。培养基单因素筛选结果显示：最适碳源为麦芽糖、最适氮源为 硝酸铵、最适Ca2+、Mg2+浓度均为0.02%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。培养基优化结果显示：C 源0.1 %,N源0.2 %,Mg2+ 0.04%, Ca2+ 0.04 %为最佳的培养基成分组合。产酶条件筛选结果显示：培养基pH 值为6、培养温度为55 ℃时菌株产酶水平最高,差异有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：培养基的优化及最适的产酶条件能提高嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.DL4 产淀粉酶能力,Ca2+、Mg2+离子 对菌株产淀粉酶有促进作用。     

嗜热土芽孢杆菌GSEY01及其高温蛋白酶的初步研究

从云南腾冲热海热泉中分离出一株产高温蛋白酶的菌株GSEY01。该菌株最适生长温度为60℃,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,该菌株为土芽孢杆菌属(Geobacillus)的耐热菌株。该菌株所产高温蛋白酶可以通过超滤浓缩,硫酸铵分级沉淀和强阴离子交换层析获得纯酶。此高温蛋白酶分子量约为42kD,最适催化温度为80℃,最适催化pH7.5,Mg2+能增强该酶活力,Fe3+,Cd2+和Ni2+对其活性则有抑制作用。PMSF对该酶影响较小,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)则对其有强烈的抑制作用,此高温蛋白酶和其他土芽孢杆菌所产蛋白酶有较大差异,可以应用于相关的高温催化环境。     

高温中性蛋白酶及其产生菌的初步研究

对高温中性蛋白酶产生菌耐热芽孢杆菌(Thermophilic Bacillus)XJT9503的产酶条件及酶的提取进行了初步研究。耐热芽孢杆菌XJT503产酶的摇瓶培养基最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为豆饼粉,100r／min,46℃培养60h酶活最高。实验结果表明高温中性蛋白酶提取可采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法。     

蚀木链霉菌KX6耐热内切葡聚糖酶的产生及酶学性质研究

从堆肥中筛选到一株产耐热内切葡聚糖酶的放线菌菌株,通过形态观察和16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定为蚀木链霉菌(Streptomyces Xylophagus)。实验中对其产酶的液态发酵条件进行了研究,碳源为1%（w/v）羧甲基纤维素钠,氮源为1%（w/v）豆粕粉,250ml三角瓶30 %装液量,接种量为2%,培养基初始pH为8.0,培养温度为40℃,200r/min培养48h后,发酵液中内切葡聚糖酶活达到0.538IU/ml。该酶的最适作用温度和pH分别为50℃和7.0,50℃下酶活保持1 h不变,60℃保温1h,仍有60%的原酶活性,pH为6.0~7.0酶活稳定,该酶属于一种耐热的中性内切葡聚糖酶。     

曲霉产角质蛋白酶发酵条件的初步研究

曲酶F_(23)是一株角质蛋白酶分泌型菌株。我们研究了各种发酵条件如碳源、氮源等对产酶能力的影响,确定了适宜的发酵条件。摇瓶发酵培养基以1％的玉米浆为氮源,1％的玉米粉为碳源,0.3％的羽毛粉为诱导物及各种无机盐和维生素等。最适发酵pH范围为6.5～7.5,最适发酵温度为28℃～32℃,转速为180rpm,发酵102h左右酶活性达238ku/ml。     

高温蛋白酶产生菌的筛选及其产酶条件和酶学性质分析

从徂徕山温泉附近土样中分离到9株产高温蛋白酶菌株,选取一株碱性蛋白酶高产菌株L7为出发菌株,进行显微形态、16S rRNA基因序列分析,将其初步鉴定为短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus sp.)。研究该菌株发酵条件,确定产酶的最佳培养基组成为葡萄糖40 g/L,蛋白胨20 g/L,磷酸氢二钠1.4 g/L,氯化钙0.6 g/L,硫酸镁0.4 g/L,通过培养基优化,酶活达到103.08 U/mL。最佳培养条件为250 mL三角烧瓶中装液量50 mL、pH8.0、培养温度为55℃、培养时间为24 h。对该菌株酶学性质研究,L7菌株所产高温蛋白酶的最适温度为55℃,最适pH为10,并且具有良好的温度稳定性和pH稳定性,酶活性受PMSF强烈抑制。     

木霉菌株T6木聚糖酶固态发酵条件和酶学性质研究

研究了碳源和氮源、起始pH、接种量及温度等条件对一野生型木霉Trichodermasp.T6菌株固态发酵产木聚糖酶的影响。在28℃培养4d后,酶活力可达1918IU／g干培养物。酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH4．5。不同温度保温1h后,测定酶的半失活温度为47．7℃,酶的pH稳定性也进行了研究。     

具胶原蛋白酶活性铜绿假单胞菌的筛选*

从成都皮革厂等堆积废弃毛皮、皮革的场所采集土样,通过以明胶为主要基质培养基进行富集和初筛,获得95株有明胶酶活性菌株。挑选其中28株明胶酶活性较高的菌株进行牛皮消化试验,有12株菌能在48h内完全消化小牛皮。以Ⅲ型酸溶性胶原为底物,测定了12株菌发酵培养液中胶原蛋白酶活性,确认这12株菌都具有胶原蛋白酶活性,酶活力基本相同,约10-16U／mL。经形态观察、生理生化特征分析及BIOLOG微生物鉴定仪鉴定,这12株菌分为两类,分别是铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeraginosa)和火神发光杆菌(Photobacterium logei)(结果另发表)。对铜绿假单胞菌产生胶原蛋白酶粗酶性质进行了研究,其酶活最适温度为32℃,最适pH为7．5,可以被金属蛋白酶抑制剂EDTA和EGTA部分抑制,不能被PMSF抑制。对铜绿假单胞菌产胶原蛋白酶发酵条件的研究表明,不仅培养基中氮源、碳源和金属离子影响产酶量,而且发酵工艺对胶原蛋白酶的产生也有较大影响。     

A study of extracellular alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2713

An alkaline protease was isolated from culture filtrate of B. subtilis NCIM 2713 by ammonium sulphate precipitation and was purified by gel filtration. With casein as a substrate, the proteolytic activity of the purified protease was found to be optimal at pH 8.0 and temperature 70 degrees C. The purified protease had molecular weight 20 kDa, Isoelectric point 5.2 and km 2.5 mg ml(-1). The enzyme was stable over the pH range 6.5-9.0 at 37 degrees C for 3 hr. During chromatographic separation this protease was found to be susceptible to autolytic degradation in the absence of Ca2+. Ca2+ was not only required for the enzyme activity but also for the stability of the enzyme above 50 degrees C. About 62% activity was retained after 60 min at pH 8.0 and 55 degrees C. DFP and PMSF completely inhibited the activity of this enzyme, while in the presence of EDTA only 33% activity remained. However, it was not affected either by sulfhydryl reagent, or by divalent metal cations, except SDS and Hg2+. The results indicated that this is a serine protease.     

新型α-半乳糖苷酶的稳定性研究

目的：观察脆弱类杆菌来源的α-半乳糖苷酶（GAL）在不同pH缓冲液、不同温度下的稳定性,以及不同离子及还原剂对酶活性的影响。方法：以GAL对单糖底物对硝基-苯基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷（PNPG）的活性为主要检测指标,观察不同离子及还原剂等对酶活性的影响;观察GAL在不同pH缓冲液中和不同温度下的稳定性。结果：钙离子、锌离子、钴离子和高浓度的锰离子增强酶的活性,DTT抑制酶的活性,螯合剂EDTA的加入提高了酶活性。GAL在pH4.6～7.5时保存1 h后稳定性很好,能保持最高活性的90％以上;在4℃～45℃下保存的稳定性最好,45℃开始活性下降。结论：GAL具有很好的温度稳定性和pH稳定性,使其适用于血型转变和异种移植。     

Thermostable extracellular protease of Bacillus stearothermophilus: factors affecting its production

A strain of protease-producing Bacillus stearothermophilus has been isolated. Glycerol was the best carbon source for production whereas yeast extract was the best nitrogen source. The bacterium could grow up to 70°C but optimum protease production was at 60°C. Best initial pH for protease production was 5. Alkaline pH inhibited production. The enzyme was stable at 60°C for 18 h and was inhibited by EDTA, PMSF and HgCl₂.The authors are with the Enzyme and Microbial Technology Group, Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia     

普鲁兰多糖高产菌株Y68葡萄糖基转移酶的纯化及特性研究

运用离子交换层析法和凝胶过滤层析法分离纯化普鲁兰多糖高产菌株Y68胞内葡萄糖基转移酶(简称GTF),并以SDS-PAGE、Native-PAGE对蛋白质进行量化、比较及特性鉴定,研究其酶学特性。结果表明短梗霉Y68中GTF被分离纯化,纯化酶在SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳上显示分子量50.8 ku单一条带,而在Native-PAGE凝胶电泳上显示分子量350 ku单一条带。纯化酶的最适酶反应pH和最适酶反应温度分别为6.0和40℃,酶对pH十分敏感,稳定性较差,对温度的稳定性则稍好。GTF为金属酶,Na+和K+对酶有激活作用,Ca2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Hg2+、Co2+对酶活性有抑制作用,Hg2+对酶活性的抑制作用说明酶活性中心含有二锍键。EDTA、PMSF、SDS和碘乙酸对GTF活性有很大的抑制作用,而二硫苏糖醇(DTT)对酶活性有保护作用。     

An extracellular--pepstatin insensitive acid protease produced by Thermoplasma volcanium

In this study, some parameters for the production and caseinolytic activity of an extracellular thermostable acid protease from a thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma volcanium were determined. The highest level of growth and enzyme production were detected at pH 3.0 over an incubation period of 192 h at 60 degrees C. The pH optimum for the acid protease activity was 3.0 and the enzyme was fairly stable over a broad pH range (pH 3.0-8.0). The temperature for maximum activity of the enzyme was 55 degrees C and activity remained stable between 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C. These features could be of relevance for various biotechnological applications of this enzyme. Serine-(PMSF), cysteine-(DTT), metallo-(EDTA) and aspartate-(pepstatin) protease inhibitors did not inhibit the caseinolytic activity of the enzyme. Therefore, Tp. volcanium acid protease could be a member of the pepstatin-insensitive carboxyl proteinases.     

棒曲霉Asp-195v产蛋白酶的酶学性质研究

对液体发酵的棒曲霉Asp-195v菌株所产蛋白酶的活力进行了研究,并通过分离纯化获得了电泳纯的酶蛋白。研究结果表明,该蛋白酶的最适反应温度为40℃,在30-50℃温度范围内相对活力可保持在70%以上;最适pH为7,pH稳定范围在4-8;Mn2+对该蛋白酶活力有明显的激活作用,K+、Ag+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Al3+和Fe3+离子则有明显的抑制作用,尤其是Hg2+和Pb2+对酶活的抑制作用更加强烈;其他试剂如葡萄糖、EDTA对酶活的抑制作用不明显,而蔗糖、SDS和Tween-20对酶活的抑制明显;以酪氨酸为底物采用双倒数作图法测得Vmax为30.40mmol/min,Km为97.53mmol/L。该酶的表观分子量为30.1kDa。     

极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶发酵条件的优化

对极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:菌株QI-1的最适生长和产酶温度均为5℃;最佳接种量为1%;发酵培养基的最适初始pH和最佳装样量分别为5和10%;盐度为2%时对菌株的生长和产酶最为有利;麸皮和醋酸钠分别为最佳N源和C源;添加0.75%酪蛋白时菌株QI-1胞外蛋白酶的活性最高;10 mmol/L Mg2+和0.5%Tween-80有利于产酶。正交试验结果表明:菌株Pseudoalteromonassp. QI-1产蛋白酶较佳培养基配方(g/L)为麸皮5,酵母粉2.5,酪蛋白3,MgCl2.6H2O 3,KCl 1.5;发酵液比酶活为166.20 U/mL,较优化前提高了约56%。     

An alkaline protease from Bacillus circulans BM15, newly isolated from a mangrove station: characterization and application in laundry detergent formulations

An investigation on the properties of an alkaline protease secreted by Bacillus circulans BM15 strain isolated from a mangrove sediment sample was carried out in order to characterize the enzyme and to test its potency as a detergent additive. The protease was purified to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and was a 30-kDa protease as shown by SDS-PAGE and its proteolytic activity was detected by casein zymography. It had optimum activity at pH 7, was stable at alkaline pH range (7 to 11), had optimum temperature of activity 40°C and was stable up to a temperature of 55°C after incubation for one hour. Hg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Cu²⁺completely inhibited the enzyme activity, while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Fe³⁺ were enhancing the same. The serine protease inhibitor PMSF and metal chelator EDTA inhibited the activity of this protease while the classic metalloprotease inhibitor 1, 10 phenanthroline did not show inhibition. The enzyme was stable in SDS, Triton-X-100 and H₂ O₂ as well as in various commercial detergents after incubation for one hour. The extracellular production of the enzyme, the pH and temperature stability and stability in presence of oxidants, surfactants and commercial detergents suggest its possible use as a detergent additive.     

Purification and characteristics of alkaline proteinase from alkalophylic Bacillus sp.]

Alkaline protease was purified from Bacillus sp. isolated from soil. The pH optimum was 11.5 at 37 degrees C. Calcium divalent cation was effective to stabilize the enzyme especially at higher temperatures. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by active site inhibitors of PMSF (Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), and ions of Mg, Mn, Pb, Li, Zn, Ag, Hg. The enzyme was stable in the presence of some detergents, such as Triton-X-100, Tween-80, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and EDTA (ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid), pH 11.5 and 37 degrees C for 30 min. The optimum pH was 11.5 at 37 degrees C and the optimum temperature was 62 degrees C at pH 11.5.