双歧杆菌感受态细胞的制备和电转化条件的研究

介绍目前常用的双歧杆菌感受态细胞制备方法,并系统研究影响双歧杆菌电转化效率的关键因素。通过研究,菌体在4oo为0.3-0. 5时收集以制备感受态细胞,制备好的感受态细胞应尽早用于电转化;最佳电场强度为12.5 kV/cm;转化后的细胞复苏培养2 h为佳。感受态细胞的转化效率可达103 CFU/μg DNA。     

工业谷氨酸棒杆菌电转化整合效率的优化

研究不同因素对谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)电转化效率的影响,探讨电转化的最适条件,提高电转化效率。以产L-异亮氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌工业菌株a11为受体菌,大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)JM109及质粒pk18mobsac B为载体,通过电转化方法研究了菌体最佳感受态性能、复苏培养基高渗溶液浓度、最适电场强度及电击后的热激培养对电转化效率的影响。对于谷氨酸棒杆菌a11而言,使用无痕的自杀载体电击转化,在感受态细胞OD_(600 nm)值为1.0~1.2,电场强度达到9.0 kV/cm,电转后46℃热激培养8 min,而且热激后继续保持37℃的适应性培养,电转化效率最高,达到1.8×10~3cfu/μg DNA。实现了工业谷氨酸棒杆菌的电转化效率的提高,也为其它谷氨酸棒杆菌电转化效率的提高提供参考方法。     

高渗提高凝结芽孢杆菌P4-102B菌株的电击转化效率

【目的】凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)是一种非常有工业应用前景的微生物,但遗传转化的困难是限制对其进行代谢工程改造的关键因素。本研究主要考察生长培养基、电击缓冲液、复苏培养基中添加高渗剂如山梨醇、甘露醇等对凝结芽孢杆菌转化效率稳定性的影响,并对凝结芽孢杆菌电击转化条件进行优化。【方法】用穿梭质粒p NW33N电转化凝结芽孢杆菌P4-102B,系统地考察高渗条件下细胞生长阶段、感受态菌体浓度、电击缓冲液组分和复苏培养基组成等因素对转化效率的影响。【结果】同一电场压力下高渗体系转化效率较低渗体系明显提高且稳定性较好,菌体在含有0.5 mol/L山梨醇的LB培养基中生长到OD600为0.8时收集,用SMG[0.5 mol/L山梨醇,0.5 mol/L甘露醇,10%(质量体积比)甘油]电击缓冲液洗涤菌体4次制备感受态,在固定电场强度14 k V/cm、脉冲时间5 ms、1 mm规格的电转杯进行电击转化,电转化后立即加入含有0.5 mol/L山梨醇和0.38 mol/L甘露醇的LB复苏培养基培养,能够获得最佳的转化效率2.7×102 CFU/μg DNA。【结论】使用高渗电击转化法能够提高电击转化的稳定性和重复性,并且可以获得较高的转化效率。     

铜绿假单胞菌最佳电转化条件的研究

以临床分离的一株铜绿假单胞菌 (Pseudomonasaeruginosa)PA68作受体菌 ,将具有卡那霉素抗性标记的质粒pSMC2 8通过电转化导入到受体菌中 ,研究细胞生长状态、电击电压、细胞浓度、感受态细胞的贮备方式对转化效率的影响。结果表明 ,在细胞生长至OD5 40 =0 7～ 0 8时收集菌体 ,在低温 (2℃ )条件下 ,制备浓度为 10 11个细胞 mL的感受态细胞 ,在较高的电压 (2 6kV)电击下 ,能获得较高的转化效率。最高可达 1 68× 10 8个转化子 μgDNA(CFU μgDNA)。用此优化的转化条件 ,在国际上首次成功地将Mu转座复合物导入到P .aeruginosa中 ,并获得 2 4× 10 4 CFU μgDNA的高转化效率。由于Mu转座重组技术具有随机单点插入的优点 ,克服了传统转座子能在染色体上迁移的缺点 ,保证了表型的改变与转座子插入位点所在的基因突变的一一对应关系 ,为进一步研究P .aerugi nosa的基因组功能奠定基础     

黑曲霉电转化条件的研究

研究避免了繁琐的原生体制备过程,直接使用萌发的黑曲霉孢子进行电转化,以潮霉素B作为筛选标记,从孢子萌发时间、电场强度及质粒浓度等方面考察了电转化效率的影响因素。研究表明,针对A.nigerMGG029-ΔaamA,其理想的电转化条件:孢子龄为4d,孢子萌发时间为2h,电场强度为5kV/cm。在上述条件下分别使用1μg环状或线状pBC-Hygro质粒DNA进行转化,平均可以得到34个和51个转化子,而在同样条件下使用质粒pRS303H平均可以获得163个和258个转化子。     

刺糖多孢菌电转化条件研究

以经理化诱变选育的多杀菌素高产菌株刺糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora spinosa)CB11为受体菌,将具有安普霉素(apramycin)抗性标记的整合型载体pSET152作为质粒供体,研究了制备刺糖多孢菌感受态细胞时菌体的生长阶段、质粒DNA浓度、电场强度等因素对电转化效率的影响,结果表明,在菌体培养4...     

3种假单胞菌CaCl2法感受态细胞制备及转化条件

假单胞菌因其生境和代谢类型的多样性,在污染环境修复、生物转化、生物防治等领域具有广阔的应用潜力;外源基因的导入是假单胞菌遗传改造的重要环节,而感受态细胞的制备和转化方法的建立是导入外源基因的重要方法学基础.本研究以从石油污染土壤中分离筛选的假单胞菌属的3个菌株Pseudomonas putida TS11、P. stutzeri DNB、P. mendocina JJ12为对象,通过3因素4水平正交实验设计,研究了不同CaCl₂浓度、热激时间及复苏时间对不同假单胞菌感受态细胞制备及转化效率的影响.结果表明： CaCl₂浓度是影响假单胞菌转化效率的最主要因素(P<0.05),且在制备感受态细胞之前用无菌蒸馏水多次洗涤菌体细胞,转化率明显提高.3种假单胞菌的CaCl₂转化优化条件分别为：100 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂,热激3 min,复苏1.5 h;50 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂,热激6 min,复苏1.5 h;75 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂,热激4.5 min,复苏0.5 h.在上述转化条件下,3种假单胞菌的外源质粒转化效率均达到10.5个转化子·μg^-1 DNA水平.     

3种假单胞菌CaCl2法感受态细胞制备及转化条件

假单胞菌因其生境和代谢类型的多样性,在污染环境修复、生物转化、生物防治等领域具有广阔的应用潜力;外源基因的导入是假单胞菌遗传改造的重要环节,而感受态细胞的制备和转化方法的建立是导入外源基因的重要方法学基础.本研究以从石油污染土壤中分离筛选的假单胞菌属的3个菌株Pseudomonas putida TS11、P.stutzeri DNB、P.mendocina JJ12为对象,通过3因素4水平正交实验设计,研究了不同CaCl2浓度、热激时间及复苏时间对不同假单胞菌感受态细胞制备及转化效率的影响.结果表明:CaCl2浓度是影响假单胞菌转化效率的最主要因素(P＜0.05),且在制备感受态细胞之前用无菌蒸馏水多次洗涤菌体细胞,转化率明显提高.3种假单胞菌的CaCl2转化优化条件分别为:100 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,热激3 min,复苏1.5 h;50 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,热激6 min,复苏1.5 h;75 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,热激4.5 min,复苏0.5h.在上述转化条件下,3种假单胞菌的外源质粒转化效率均达到105个转化子·μg-1DNA水平.     

乳杆菌电转化条件的研究

用Pgk12、Pmg36c等质粒电转化不同的乳杆菌。研究了影响转化效率的多种因素。受体细胞经20μg/ml氨苄青霉素处理1h,可以提高转化效率200倍。同时,发现电击后的细胞必需在高渗培养基中才能存活,电击后2～3h的复苏表达期和用亚抑制抗生素浓度选择转化子,这些对电转化成功以及提高转化效率都是十分关键的。在改进电转化方法中,各种参数为电场强度8.75kV/cm,电阻100Ω或200Ω,电容25μF和2×磷酸缓冲液。     

大肠杆菌JM109感受态形成因素分析

目的:分析大肠杆菌JM109感受态形成因素,提高转化效率。方法:采用不同生长状态、不同转化溶液、不同保存时间及热激处理时间的细菌制备感受态,分析转化效率。结果:以20mmol/L MgCl2 80mmol/L CaCl2为处理液,经活化培养OD600为0.82的菌液制备感受态细胞,4℃放置12~24h之内,42℃热激处理60s,转化效率最高,可达9.8×106~1.2×107cfu/μg DNA(pUC19)。随着质粒长度增加,转化效率下降。结论:感受态细胞形成与生长状态关系密切,金属离子、有机溶剂对感受态的形成影响显著。感受态形成过程中,细胞可能发生了一系列的生理变化。     

Electrotransformation of the stable L-form of Proteus mirabilis

Abstract To improve the transformability of stable protoplast type L-forms of Proteus mirabilis for recombinant plasmid DNA, conditions for efficient electrotransformation were explored. Exposing cells from the exponential phase of growth at a density of 6−8 × 10⁹/ml in electrotransformation buffer having a conductivity of 1.4 mS/cm to a field strength of 6.5 kV/cm for a mean pulse duration time of 1.2 ms reproducibly yielded transformation efficiencies in the order of 5 × 10⁴ transformants per μg of DNA. Compared to the polyethylene glycol method for transformation, electrotransformation appeared to be the method of choice for introduction of plasmid DNA into L-form cells.     

Electrotransformation of Streptococcus agalactiae with plasmid DNA

Abstract A protocol for efficient electrotransformation of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) Lancefield's strain O90R (NTCT 9993) (an unencapsulated derivative of type Ia strain O90) was developed. The Escherichia coli - Streptococcus shuttle vector pDP28 (7.8 kb) carrying the ermB gene for resistance to erythromycin was used as donor DNA. Frozen 'electrocompetent' cells were prepared by repeated washes in 10% glycerol. A 50-μl aliquot containing about 5×10⁹ colony forming units of bacteria was subjected to the electric pulse. Optimal conditions for electrotransformation were determined using different media, harvesting cells at different points of the growth curve, and using different field strengths. The dose-response curve for transformation of S. agalactiae with pDP28 showed one-hit kinetics as donor DNA varied between 0.01 and 3 μg. The efficiency of electrotransformation for this range of amounts of donor DNA was 1.2×10⁴ cfu μg⁻¹. The transformation frequencies obtained with this electroporation protocol are high enough to allow both subcloning and shotgun cloning of streptococcal DNA in S. agalactiae .     

Electrotransformation in Salmonella typhimurium LT2

Electroporation gives high efficiency of transformation in Salmonella typhimurium LT2, yielding 10(8)-10(9) electrotransformants per microgram of pBR322 DNA. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition has little influence on electrotransformation efficiency by electroporation, unlike Ca2+ shock methods, which give ca. 10(6) transformants/microgram DNA with strains with Rc or Rd2 LPS, 10(4) transformants with most smooth and rough strains, and 10(2) transformants with strains with Re LPS. Thus cell envelope properties are less crucial in electrotransformation than in Ca2+ shock methods. The reciprocal restriction barrier between Escherichia coli K-12 and S. typhimurium LT2 reduces electrotransformation by ca. 100-fold, but host-restriction mutants reduce or eliminate the barrier.     

Electrotransformation of gellan-gum producing and non-producing Pseudomonas elodea strains

G.A. MONTEIRO, A.M. FIALHO, S.J. RIPLEY AND I.SÁ -CORREIA. 1992. The electrotransformation of gellan-gum producing or non-producing strains of Pseudomonas elodea (Gel+ or Gel^-) was optimized with respect to growth stage, cell and DNA concentrations and pulse parameters. This technique proved to be a valuable alternative to conjugal mating to search for complementation of gellan mutations for cloning the gellan genes. The electrotransformation efficiency of Gel+ or Gel^- strains was similar. The transformation of smaller plasmids was more efficient than that of larger plasmids, and recombinant plasmids with sizes larger than 35 kb, when extracted from Escherichia coli DH1, were not transformable at detectable frequency. This was partially related to the modification/restriction system active in the recipient cells.     

Electrotransformation ofStreptococcus sanguis Challis

Plasmid DNA was introduced into noncompetent cells ofStreptococcus sanguis Challis by an electrotransformation technique. The procedure was simple and rapid, did not require elaborate pretreatment of cells, and yielded transformant colonies in 24 h. The maximum transformation efficiency attained was 2.1×10⁴ transformants per g of pVA736. Molecular rearrangements and deletions were not detected in plasmid DNA isolated from transformants.     

外源质粒电击转入Pseudomonas putida的条件研究

以自行筛选的恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）(命名为Rs198,Genbank登录号为FJ788425）为受体菌,将具有卡那霉素抗性标记的大肠杆菌假单胞菌穿梭质粒PDSK519通过电转化法导入到受体菌中,对细胞生长状态、电转化温度、质粒DNA及感受态细胞浓度、电击电压及电转化介质给予转化效率的影响进行研究。结果表明,在细胞生长至OD600为0.5左右时收集菌体,在低温条件下制备浓度为 4.6×1012/ml 的感受态细胞,以0.3mol/L的蔗糖为电转化介质,在13kV/cm的场强下电击能获得较高的转化效率,最高可达1.3×107个转化子/μ g DNA。为构建恶臭假单胞的遗传转化系统,利用基因工程手段为该菌的进一步研究奠定了理论基础。     

Electrotransformation of Xanthomonas campestris by RF DNA of filamentous phage φLf

Conditions were optimized for electrotransformation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris by the replicative form (RF) DNA of filamentous phase phi Lf. Early logarithmic cells were washed exhaustively with deionized water and subjected to a pulse at a field strength of 12.5 kV/cm with a 25 microF capacitor and a 400 omega resistor. An efficiency of 5.1 x 10(7) pfu per microgram RF DNA was obtained. Under the same conditions, the broad host range plasmid pLAFR1 (21.6 kb) transformed X. campestris strains at efficiencies around 10(5) pfu per microgram DNA prepared from XcP20H. The advantages of the protocol used in the present study are that the cells can be washed with water instead of complex buffer, and the DNA used can be prepared by the alkaline method of Birnboim & Doly without purification by ultracentrifugation.     

构建噬菌体展示抗体库过程中电穿孔法的条件优化

目的：确定稳定且高效的电转化实验方案以达到构建高库容噬菌体展示抗体库的目的。方法：探索电压、脉冲时间、噬菌粒DNA质量与浓度、TG1大肠杆菌的生长周期、重悬洗涤缓冲液及培养基优化等方面对TG1大肠杆菌电转化效率的影响。结果：当电转杯电极间距为2mm时,设定电转仪参数为3kV、25μF、5ms、200Ω;外源DNA经纯化后加入感受态菌液中使终浓度为1ng/μl;培养基中加入20mmol/L的MgCl₂,并将TG1的生长阶段调控在OD₆₀₀=0.8,用无菌超纯水重悬及洗涤细胞,将感受态细胞浓度调整为4×10¹⁰个/ml。在上述条件下,电转化效率可达到4.9×10⁹CFU/μg DNA。结论：通过多种条件优化,提高了电转化效率,为构建高库容噬菌体展示抗体库建立了基础。     

Electrotransformation of intact cells ofBrevibacterium flavum MJ-233

Summary Electroporation allowed transformation of intact cells ofBrevibacterium flavum MJ-233. The two plasmids used for electroporation were pCRY2 (6.3 kilobases) and pCRY3 (8.2 kilobases). Both plasmids contain the chloramphenicol-resistance gene and the autonomous replication origin inB. flavum MJ-233. The efficiency of electrotransformation was optimal with cells harvested at the middle log phase of growth, and was imporved by the addition of 1.0U/ml of penicillin G to the culture medium. The optimum yield of transformants per g DNA was 5×10⁴ when the cell suspension was pulsed at a cell density of 1×10¹⁰/ml and at a DNA amount of 1.0g.     

Efficient Electrotransformation System and Gene Targeting in Pyogenic Streptococci

Hemolytic streptococci are lacking in natural competence for uptake of DNA, and existing electrotransformation methods are still ineffective for most strains. By optimizing biological and electric parameters of electroporation, we established a simple, efficient, and reproducible transformation method for streptococcal cells. The major factor was an increase in the electric field strength. All tested streptococci (6 group A strains and one group C strain) were successfully transformed, and the maximal efficiency was higher than 1×10⁷ transformants per μg of plasmid DNA. Targeted inactivation of the chromosomal genes of group A and C streptococci was achieved, using the electrotransformation method. The slo ^- or sagB ^- mutants constructed by the gene-targeting showed elevated competence for electrotransformation. Availability of the electrotransfer system for cloning and analysis of streptococcal genes is discussed.