石刁柏体细胞胚胎发生过程中蛋白质及同工酶变化的研究

本文报道石刁柏胚性愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白质含量与组分、过氧化物酶和酯酶的活力及同工酶带均比其体细胞胚的要少。而在体细胞胚胎发生过程中,过氧化物酶和酯酶活力、可溶性蛋白质含量均以球形胚为最低,子叶分化期胚为最高而呈递增趋势;可溶性蛋白质组分以子叶分化期胚、成熟胚为最多,球形胚、香蕉形胚为最少;过氧化物酶同工酶带以梨形胚为最多,子叶分化期胚、成熟胚为最少;酯酶同工酶则以子叶分化期胚为最多,成熟胚为最少。胚性愈伤组织与体细胞胚均有其特异性可溶性蛋白质及同工酶带,可作为体细胞胚胎发生的分子标记。     

小麦与玉米及鸭茅状摩擦禾远缘杂交的胚发育过程中同工酶和蛋白质的变化

通过比较小麦与玉米及鸭茅状摩擦禾属间杂交获得的胚与小麦正常自交的胚之间在不同发育时期过氧化物酶和酯酶的同工酶谱,发现过氧化物酶同工酶表现出时空顺序的特异性变化。在同一发育时期,远缘杂交的具胚子房和无胚子房之间存在过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异,这可能涉及到与胚发育相关的同工酶的出现。远缘杂交的具胚子房和正常自交的小麦子房之间也有一定的酶谱差异。同时,同一材料还表现出不同发育时期的过氧化物酶酶谱差别。在远缘杂交后的胚发育期间,酯酶同工酶的时空表达不如过氧化物酶显著。此外,对远缘杂交后的胚中的水溶性蛋白质进行了SD S-PAGE分析,初步的分析结果表明,可能存在与胚发育相关的蛋白质。     

马唐体细胞胚胎发生过程中生理变化的研究

本文通过对马唐体细胞胚胎发生过程中生理变化的研究后发现,球形胚游离氨基酸种类最少、浓度最低;其过氧化物酶、酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶活性较高、种类较多;其可溶性蛋白质相对浓度最高,并且出现至少两种新带。这说明球形胚已开始分子水平的分化;在这一时期合成的蛋白质(酶),对于马唐体细胞胚胎发生中胚体细胞水平的分化有着重要作用。     

红豆草体细胞胚胎发生早期过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱变化

红豆草下胚轴切段接种于含1mg/l BA,1mg/l KT的LS培养基上,通过筛选和繁殖由一块外植体而来的淡黄色愈伤组织,而得到生理状态比较一致具有较高胚性发生能力的非胚性愈伤组织,将其转移到含1mg/l BA的LS培养基上后可诱导体细胞胚眙发生。在体细胞胚胎发生早期发现过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱均有规律性变化。过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱在胚性培养的第10天,两条明显的A_1、A_2带消失。酯酶同工酶各酶带之间酶活性比例在胚性培养过程中变化很大,培养后期酶带变得不明显或酶带数下降。说明胚性发生过程遗传信息的表达有选择性并为激素所调控。     

香果树体细胞胚胎发生过程中4种同工酶的研究

用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术对香果树体细胞胚胎发生及形态建成过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)、淀粉酶(AMY)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)4种同工酶进行分析.结果表明:香果树体细胞胚胎发生及形态建成过程中,POD、EST、AMY和SOD活性变化与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织酶谱差异明显,胚性愈伤组织中EST和AMY同工酶酶带多且活性高,非胚性愈伤组织中缺乏EST和AMY同工酶表达,AMY同工酶可作为胚性细胞分化和发育的重要标志.香果树体细胞胚形态建成过程中,球形胚时期的AMY、POD、EST同_T酶活性最强,表明这一时期生理代谢旺盛,是体细胞胚形态建成的关键时期;POD、AMY和SOD 3种同工酶的酶谱及表达强弱在形态建成的不同时期呈现有规律的变化,可作为香果树体细胞胚发生发育特定时期的参考标记. 与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织酶谱差异明显,胚性愈伤组织中EST和AMY同工酶酶带多且活性高,非胚性愈伤组织中缺乏EST和AMY同工酶表达,AMY同工酶町作为胚性细胞分化和发育的重要标志.香果树体细胞胚形态建成过程 ,球形胚时期的AMY、POD、EST同_T酶活性最强,表明这一时期生理代谢旺盛,是体细胞胚形态建成的关键时期;POD、AMY和SOD 3种同工酶的酶谱及表达强弱在形态建成的不同时期呈现有规律的变化,可作为香果树体细胞胚发生发育特定时期的参考标记. 与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织     

楸树体细胞胚胎发生过程中4种同工酶分析

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对楸树体细胞胚胎发生过程中的酯酶(EST)、过氧化物酶(POD)、淀粉酶(AMY)及ATP酶4种同工酶进行分析。结果表明,EST及POD同工酶酶带在楸树体细胞胚胎发生不同时期呈现规律性变化,胚性愈伤组织中EST、POD同工酶酶带较非胚性愈伤组织多且表达活跃,子叶胚时期活性最强,表明这一时期细胞内代谢旺盛。EST、POD、AMY及ATP同工酶在楸树胚性与非胚性愈伤组织中谱带差异明显,表明这4种同工酶与体胚发生具有密切关系,可以作为楸树胚性愈伤组织和体胚发生的重要标志。     

珍稀濒危植物银鹊树体细胞胚时期同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对银鹊树体细胞胚胎发生过程中的酯酶(EST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和淀粉酶(AMY)进行了同工酶分析.结果表明:球形胚时期的EST、POD、SOD、AMY同工酶活性最强;在体细胞胚胎形态建成过程中,SOD同工酶有新酶的合成,而POD同工酶则表现为活性表达增加并有新酶合...     

2,4-D浓度对胡萝卜体细胞胚胎发生及其同工酶的影响

在含有不同浓度2,4-D的MS培养基上生长的胡萝卜组织,培养26天后,不含2,4-D培养基上的培养物,其酯酶同工酶谱比在含有2,4-D培养基上的培养物少一条酶带8(图3)。过氧化物酶同工酶谱中,发现前者出现的酶带1(图4)在后者的酶谱中看不到。 胡萝卜的培养组织和完整的小植物皆具有分泌过氧化物酶和酯酶的能力。总过氧化物酶活力的变化与愈伤组织、胚状体和小植物的形成有一定关系。     

秦艽体细胞胚不同发育阶段几种同工酶的特性

以秦艽（ＧｅｎｔｉａｎａｃｒａｓｓｉｃａｕｌｉｓＤｕｔｈｉｅｅｘＢｕｒｋｉｌｌ）无菌苗幼嫩茎叶为外植体,在ＭＳ培养基上诱导出胚性愈伤组织及体细胞胚。本文比较了秦荒体细胞胚发育过程中几种酶的活性及同工酶变化。过氧化物酶与细胞色素氧化酶均在球形胚阶段出现一活性高峰;酯酶同工酶在体细胞胚发育过程中伴有特征带Ｅ＿２、Ｅ＿６的出现;酸性磷酸酯酶的活性与体细胞胚发育程度呈正相关。所以认为只要综合运用这几种同工酶的实验数据,就可以灵敏检测体细胞胚的发育进程。     

马唐胚性与非胚性愈伤组织生理差异的初步研究

马唐幼穗的胚性愈伤组织中游离氨基酸含量与种类均少于非胚性愈伤组织,而可溶性蛋白质含量却高于后者;前者可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶、酯酶及淀粉酶的同工酶电泳谱带亦此后者多。     

Isozyme Profile During Somatic Embryogenesis and In Vitro Flowering of Bambusa vulgaris

Peroxidase and esterase isozymes were investigated during plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in Bambusa vulgaris, The transition of non-embryogenic calli to embryogenic calli, somatic embryo development, germination and subsequent flowering of somatic embryo derived shoots were associated with selective expression or repression of isoforms of peroxidase and esterase. Non-embryogenic callus showed six peroxidase and four esterase bands. During somatic embryogenesis and germination of somatic embryos, some bands were suppressed and new isoforms of peroxidase and esterase appeared. During flowering, in addition to four peroxidase bands, a new unique esterase band ‘a’ appeared. Each developmental stage was thus associated with a definite isozyme profile.     

Uniformity of Plants Regenerated by Direct Somatic Embryogenesis from Zygotic Embryos of Trifolium repens

A total of 55 regenerants from direct somatic embryogenesison three zygotic embryos of Trifolium repens have been examinedfor uniformity with respect to morphological markers, chromosomenumber, breeding behaviour and banding patterns produced bySDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total leaf proteinsand isoelectric focussing of leaf peroxidase, esterase and leucineaminopeptidase isozymes. Differences were observed between clones,but no differences were detected among primary and secondaryregenerants from the same zygotic embryo. The data support theconcept that direct somatic embryogenesis on immature zygoticembryos is a conservative, clonal regeneration process. Trifolium repens, clover, somatic embryogenesis, somaclonal variation, embryo culture, isozymes     

Total protein and isozyme characterization in the flax zygotic embryo during development

Flax zygotic embryogenesis was studied for isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase and esterase and for content of total proteins. For acid phosphatase, six multiple molecular forms or isozymes, were identified during flax zygotic embryo development. For esterase, six isozymes were expressed during zygotic flax embryogenesis. Some of the isozymes were expressed during entire embryogenesis, and some were only transiently expressed or appeared near maturation. The amount of total proteins was very low at early embryogenesis and proteins in a range from 26.6 kDa to 97.4 kDa were expressed. During further flax embryo development the protein spectra became more diverse and the quantity of total proteins increased. Proteins ranging from 3.4 kDa to 97.4 kDa were present, and proteins of 20 kDa to 36.5 kDa were expressed in the highest amount. The results are discussed with reference to selected information in the literature. Received: 16 October 2000 / Revision accepted: 20 April 2001     

Isozyme studies in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Summary A comparative study of peroxidase and esterase isozymes was carried out at five developmental stages of siliqua in order to characterize twelve genotypes of Indian mustard. The studies showed nearly the same number of isozyme bands at every stage for peroxidase and a varying number of isozyme bands for esterase. The appearance and disappearance of bands, along with their intensity scores, indicated the role of different isozymes at different stages of siliqua development. It has been ascertained that these patterns, especially the intensity scores, can be successfully used to characterize different Indian mustard genotypes.     

几丁质酶基因转化亚麻、红豆草、骆驼刺的同工酶研究

以亚麻、红豆草、骆驼刺的下胚轴为外植体,用含几丁质酶ＲＣ２４基因的根瘤农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４进行转化。对３种植物转化植株叶片及对照植株叶片的愈伤组织的过氧化物酶及酯酶同工酶分析表明,转基因植株叶片愈伤组织的同工酶谱与对照系相比具有明显的差异,由此推测转化系愈伤组织中可能存在变化了的基因产物,并认为导入的外源几丁质酶基因可能引起了转化材料的遗传变异。     

赖草属七个种同工酶研究

用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法对赖草属７个种的幼根、幼叶进行了酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明：无论从相同器官进行不同的同工酶分析,还是从不同器官进行相同的同工酶分析,这７个种的酶谱在各带区存在相似酶带,但更多的是相异酶带。从酯酶、过氧化物酶这两种酶分析结果来看,酯酶比过氧化物酶分离效果好些;从幼根和幼叶这两个器官的酶谱来看,幼根比幼叶酶带多些,分离效果也好些。同时也表明这７个种的酶谱变化与染色体倍性变化无关     

Isozyme modifications during morphogenesis of callus from barley and wheat

Callus cultures fron non-organogenic, young and one-year old, and morphogenic calli were used to assess the value of isozymes analysis for the prediction of morphogenic capacity by studying esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Basic isozyme patterns of each enzyme for the callus were retained in all the callus stages and in the callus which has differentiated into shoots. With the development of shoot and/or root some conspicuous isozymes appeared for esterase and acid phosphatase and some disappeared for peroxidase. As the isozyme changes became apparent only after shoot or root initiation these enzymes could not be used as markers to distinguish between morphogenic and non-morphogenic calli.