蕙兰CfCIN基因克隆及其功能分析

以蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi Rolfe)为试验材料,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了TCP家族的CIN同源基因,开放阅读框长1 161bp,编码386个氨基酸,将其命名为CfCIN(GenBank登录号为KJ956809)。为进一步分析CfCIN的功能,构建了植物表达载体,采用农杆菌介导法转化非洲紫罗兰叶片,获得了转化植株并对转基因植株进行了性状分析。结果显示:与野生型非洲紫罗兰叶片相比,转基因植株的叶片更大,由圆形变为卵圆形,叶缘由平整光滑变为有缺刻且稍向后卷曲,叶脉明显,叶柄红,花器官形状变化不明显。研究表明,CfCIN可能参与调控植物叶片的形态建成。     

蝴蝶兰F3′5′H基因转化OT杂种百合Robina的研究

为了定向育种获得蓝色百合,该研究以百合Robina为蓝色基因最佳受体,以其花丝诱导产生的胚性愈伤组织和再生小植株小鳞片作为转化材料,利用农杆菌介导法,将蝴蝶兰F3′5′H基因导入百合Robina中。结果表明:以小鳞片为转化材料,预培养3d,OD_(600)为0.8,侵染10min,共培养3d,加入100μmol/L AS稳定转化率最高为12.78%;而以胚性愈伤为转化材料,预培养2d,OD_(600)为0.8,侵染10min,共培养3d,加入100μmol/L AS稳定转化率最高为12.22%。2种转化材料的最适潮霉素筛选浓度均为20mg/L。对抗性植株分别进行PCR和反转录PCR检测,获得9个阳性株系,Southern印记分析进一步确定了6株转基因百合中携带蓝色基因F3′5′H,为后续进一步获得蓝色百合奠定了基础。     

液泡转化酶反义基因对番茄的遗传转化

以'中蔬4号'番茄的子叶为试材,通过农杆菌介导法遗传转化,将液泡转化酶反义基因导入再生植株,经PCR和Southern斑点杂交检测证明,5株转化植株基因组中整合有目的基因.遗传转化最佳条件为:在附加1.5 mg/L 6-BA和0.1 mg/L IAA的MS培养基上再生培养,外植体预培养2 d,菌液浓度OD600=0.5,侵染时间5 min,共培养2 d.遗传转化后,对整合有目的基因的再生番茄叶片液泡转化酶活性测定,表明液泡转化酶活性明显受到抑制.获得的转基因植株为进一步研究液泡转化酶基因的功能奠定了基础.     

PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因转化马铃薯体系的研究

以根癌农杆菌介导法将PSAG12-ipt嵌合基因导入马铃薯栽培品种,对影响马铃薯遗传转化的多种因素进行系统研究.结果表明:马铃薯茎段分化效率高于叶片,马铃薯愈伤诱导和芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.25mg/L+NAA 0.25mg/L+2,4-D 0.25mg/L,添加1%Na2SO3能有效防止褐化;茎段愈伤诱导和分化苗生根最适的Kan浓度分别为50mg/L和75mg/L;外植体预培养2d,OD600为0.2～0.5的农杆菌浓度侵染8min、共培养3d后进行选择培养能有效地提高植株再生能力.用PSAG12和ipt双重PCR检测再生植株,阳性转化率为65.8%.Southern blotting结果表明,转基因植株多以单拷贝形式整合进马铃薯基因组中.     

胡杨转基因体系的建立

胡杨(Populus euphratica)是唯一能在沙漠里生长的高大乔木树种, 建立其转基因体系可为胡杨抗逆分子机制与应用技术研究提供基本方法。通过研究农杆菌介导的胡杨转GUS基因的技术体系得出以下结论: (1) 胡杨再生植株体系, 叶片在附加1.0 mmol.L^-1 6-BA和5.0 mmol.L^-1 NAA的1/2MS培养基上不定芽诱导率较高; (2) 转基因体系, 胡杨叶片在含100 mmol.L^-1 乙酰丁香酮的OD600值为0.4-0.6的根癌农杆菌菌液中浸染15分钟, 共培养2天, GUS基因转化效率较高; (3) 转基因植株抗生素筛选, 转GUS基因胡杨叶片用300 mg.L^-1头孢霉素抑制农杆菌生长, 在含9 mg.L^-1 G418的培养基上诱导不定芽以获得转基因的抗性植株。     

转甜瓜CmSAMDC基因拟南芥的获得及其耐盐性研究

该研究以哥伦比亚生态型野生拟南芥为材料,将甜瓜CmSAMDC基因构建到植物双元表达载体pCAMBIA1304上,采用农杆菌介导法转入拟南芥,在含有50mg/L潮霉素(Hyg)MS固体培养基上筛选转基因后代,并利用T3代转基因幼苗进行耐盐性分析。结果显示:(1)成功构建了植物超表达载体35S∷CmSAMDC,并经农杆菌介导法转化拟南芥,潮霉素抗性筛选后获得了转CmSAMDC基因拟南芥T3代植株。(2)转CmSAMDC基因拟南芥T3代幼苗在含100、150、200mmol/L NaCl培养基中,侧根长势比野生型植株更为健壮;在200mmol/L NaCl浇灌处理后,转CmSAMDC基因T3代植株仍能维持正常生长,而野生型植株的生长明显受到抑制;在400mmol/L NaCl浇灌处理后16d,野生型植株逐渐死亡,而转基因植株仍能继续存活;对盐胁迫后植株的脂质过氧化程度(MDA)测定显示,野生型植株MDA水平较转基因植株上升更为明显。研究表明,过表达甜瓜CmSAMDC基因增强了转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。     

LfMADS1基因对新铁炮百合‘Raizen No.1’的遗传转化

为了获得无花粉、重瓣百合新种质,以新铁炮百合‘Raizen No.1’的离体小鳞片为受体,探讨了不同水平的抗生素和抑菌素对小鳞片再生能力的影响;利用正交试验对预培养时间、菌液浓度、侵染时间和共培养时间等4个因素的不同水平进行了筛选,优化了遗传转化体系;进行了百合花器官特性基因LfMADS1的转化,并对转基因植株进行了分子生物学检测。结果表明,新铁炮百合小鳞片选择培养时抗生素卡那霉素(Kan)浓度为100 mg/L,抑菌素为羧苄青霉素(Carb)浓度为500 mg/L。正交试验结果表明共培养时间是遗传体系中的主要影响因子;小鳞片转化的最佳条件是预培养1 d、侵染10 min、共培养5 d、菌液OD600值0.8。PCR检测的结果,得到4株转LfMADS1反义基因的新铁炮百合株系,其中1株已通过PCR-Southern检测。     

大叶补血草LgNHX1基因对烟草的遗传转化及耐盐性分析

目的:通过农杆菌介导法将大叶补血草液泡膜Na+/H-逆向转运蛋白基因LgNHX1转化烟草,并对转化烟草的耐盐性进行分析.方法:采用叶盘法进行遗传转化,对得到的转化植株经PCR和RT-PCR鉴定后,用不同浓度的NaCl溶液胁迫,分别测定了它们的丙二醛含量、相对电导率及根和叶中的K+和Na+含量.结果:在200～300mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,转基因植株叶片的丙二醛含量分别为2.85nmol/g FW、3.50nmol/g FW,对照为3.25nmol/g FW、4.39nmol/g FW;转基因植株叶片的相对电导率分别为42.22%、74.10%,对照为53.2%、84.33%;在300mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,转基因植株根和叶中的K+/Na+比分别为5.80和3.10,对照为4.32和2.35.结论:在NaCl胁迫下,转基因烟草的耐盐性有了一定程度的提高.     

根癌农杆菌介导D32基因

以烟草品种'中烟99'的无菌苗叶片为转化受体材料,通过根癌农杆菌C58C1介导对大豆中克隆的抗逆性基因D32进行转化,获得了抗卡那霉素的再生植株,并对转化植株进行了PCR检测.结果表明,烟草叶片分化和再生的卡那霉素选择压力为150 mg/L;外植体预培养对转化率有影响;优化的烟草转化方法是:经预培养2 d的外植体用OD600值为0.7的菌液侵染5 min, 共培养2 d后用无菌水冲洗5～6次,羧苄青霉素(Cb)和头孢霉素(Cef)浓度为400 mg/L的脱菌液浸泡120 min,超净工作台上吹风60 min,于筛选分化培养基生长50 d,可获得26.7%卡那抗性苗.对抗性植株经PCR检测证明,外源D32基因已初步整合到烟草基因组中.     

农杆菌介导的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因转化甘蓝的研究

为获得抗旱和耐盐性提高的甘蓝植株,通过农杆菌介导法将来自菠菜的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase,BADH）基因导人甘蓝品系03079,并采用正交设计优化影响转化效率的参数,建立了甘蓝高效转化体系,即以侵染液为AA液体培养基、乙酰丁香酮200μmol L^-1、侵染时间20min、共培养天数2d为最佳转化参数,在该条件下转化率可达54．26％。转基因甘蓝植株经PCR检测初步说明BADH基因已导入甘蓝中,Southern杂交证明BADH基因已稳定整合到甘蓝基因组中。甜菜碱脱氢酶活性测定结果表明,经过聚乙二醇（PEG）、NaCI和干旱处理的转基因甘蓝植株的BADH酶的平均比活力范围在2．1Umg^-1～3．6Umg^-1之间,不同处理的转基因株系酶比活力显著高于相应的未转基因株系。膜的相对电导率测定结果说明,经过PEG、NaCl和干旱处理的转基因植株平均相对电导率在16．2％～32．6％之间,耐逆境胁迫处理后的绝大多数转基因株系相对电导率显著低于相应对照。多数转BADH基因甘蓝植株在干旱、盐胁迫和PEG胁迫条件下生长势强于未转基因植株,表现为大多数转基因株系株高增幅显著高于对照,说明BADH基因的导入能提高转基因甘蓝植株的抗旱和耐盐性。我们获得的抗旱和耐盐能力明显提高的转基因甘蓝植株,可作为培育耐盐、抗旱甘蓝品种的种质材料。     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.