孔雀石绿、温度对长刺Sou存活的影响

研究孔雀石绿对长刺96小时的急性毒性反应以及温度对长刺存活的影响,结果表明,孔雀石绿对长刺的安全浓度为0.0303×10-6;长刺的存活温度为1～44℃,最适温度是18～25℃.     

新疆葡萄斑叶蝉若虫的发育起点温度和有效积温

室内饲养观察表明 ,5月 1日从吐鲁番地区田间采集的葡萄斑叶蝉ZyginaapicalisNawa越冬代成虫存活时间长 ,室内饲养仍然可存活 45d以上 ;在适宜温度下 ,单雌繁殖后代 5 0～ 60头 ;在 1 9～ 3 1℃ 5个温度处理中 ,若虫发育历期在 1 2 6～ 2 1 1d之间 ;2 2～ 2 8℃是发育的适温范围 ,以 2 8℃为最佳发育温度。若虫发育起点温度为 5 2 ,有效积温为 3 0 7 1日·度。     

海水盐度、温度对文蛤稚贝生长及存活的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了不同盐度（19个梯度）、温度（17个梯度）对文蛤稚贝生长和存活的影响.结果表明：文蛤稚贝的适宜生存盐度在6.5～39.5,最适生存盐度在9.0～31.0,适宜生长盐度在7.3～38.7,最适生长盐度在15.0～23.0;其适宜生存温度在4.0 ℃～36.1 ℃,适宜生长温度在7.0 ℃～35.4 ℃,较适宜生长温度在17 ℃～33.5 ℃,最适生长温度在24 ℃～27 ℃.文蛤稚贝对高温度、低盐度有较强的适应性.     

长江干流圆筒吻鮈的年龄与生长

根据 5 5 1尾标本研究了生活在长江干流中圆筒吻的年龄与生长 ,并提出了资源合理利用建议。圆筒吻的鳞片可作为年龄鉴定的依据 ,年轮形成期主要在 2～ 5月。圆筒吻的体长与鳞长呈直线关系 ,与体重呈幂指数关系 ,生长适合VonBertalanffy生长方程。在 1～ 2龄生长最快 ,为保护圆筒吻资源 ,应限捕体长 2 0 0mm以下的个体     

温度对桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜实验种群生命表参数的影响

【目的】桃蚜Myzus persicae (Sulzer)和马铃薯长管蚜Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)是2种主要的马铃薯害虫。本研究旨在明确温度对这两种马铃薯蚜虫生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长的影响。【方法】在室内测定了5个温度（10, 15, 20, 25和30℃）下桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜的生长发育、存活和繁殖指标,并组建了4个恒温条件下（10,15,20和25℃）的实验种群生命表。【结果】在10~25℃范围内,2种蚜虫的若蚜期、世代历期、成蚜寿命和产蚜期等均随温度的升高而缩短,而30℃高温抑制了其发育、存活和繁殖。2种蚜虫的平均世代历期（T）随温度的升高而缩短,桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜分别从10℃的30.08 d和35.35 d缩短至25℃的14.28 d和12.95 d。桃蚜的净增殖率（R₀）在15℃时最高（86.00）,其次为20℃（73.75）,再次为25℃（62.49）,最低为10℃（51.00）;马铃薯长管蚜的R0在15℃最高（58.97）,其次为10℃（51.98）,再次为20℃（48.94）,最低为25℃（12.36）。桃蚜的内禀增长率（r_m）随温度的升高而增大,从最小10℃的0.1307增大到25℃的0.2896;马铃薯长管蚜的r_m在20℃时最大（0.2182）,其次为25℃（0.1942）,再次为15℃（0.1485）,最小为10℃（0.1118）。在相同的温度下,桃蚜的发育速率、净增殖率和内禀增长率均高于马铃薯长管蚜。【结论】温度对2种马铃薯蚜虫的生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长有显著的影响,桃蚜在马铃薯上的种群增长能力强于马铃薯长管蚜。这一结果为马铃薯蚜虫预测模型的建立奠定了必要的基础,并解释了桃蚜在马铃薯上发生数量多于马铃薯长管蚜的原因。     

温度和盐度对皱肋文蛤幼贝存活与生长的影响

在室内控制条件下,研究了不同海水温度和盐度对皱肋文蛤(Meretrix lyrata)幼贝存活与生长的影响。结果表明:皱肋文蛤幼贝适宜生存温度为12.2-35.6℃,最适生存温度为24-30℃;适宜生长温度为23.5-33.0℃,最适生长温度为27-30℃,属典型的南方滩涂贝类。皱肋文蛤幼贝适宜生存盐度为4.3-40.5,最适生存盐度为11-31;适宜生长盐度为17.1-33.4,最适生长盐度为19-23,属广盐性滩涂贝类。该贝低温和高温敏感起始点分别为21℃和33℃;低盐和高盐敏感起始点分别为9和33。皱肋文蛤幼贝对极端温、盐度具有一定的耐受力:在37℃下仍可保持6d,100%不死亡,在39、41℃下分别在3d和5d内全部死亡;在4、6、8、10、12℃下则可分别100%存活3、4、6、9、11d;在盐度为0、5、7、9时保持100%存活的时间分别为5、8、10、10d;在盐度为33、35、37、39时保持100%存活的时间分别为7、5、3、3d,盐度41时当天即出现死亡。     

毛囊蠕形螨的发育形态观察和存活适温范围研究

采用挤压涂片法或透明胶纸粘贴法获取毛囊蠕形螨,在数码显微镜Motic DM-B5软件系统下进行动态观察、拍摄和测量;然后对离体蠕形螨按批随机分组,观察不同温度下虫体的存活时间和活动力。结果系统地展示了毛囊蠕形螨发育过程各个时期的动态照片,发现毛囊蠕形螨的前若虫期有足4对,若虫期具有活动能力。离体实验表明,毛囊蠕形螨耐低温而不耐高温;存活适温范围在8～30℃之间,发育适温范围在20～30℃之间,发育最适温度为25～26℃;0℃以下或37℃以上温度对蠕形螨生存不利,54℃为致死温度,58℃为有效灭螨温度。这一研究结果为蠕形螨的体外培养和防治工作提供了可靠的理论依据。     

三疣梭子蟹幼体和幼蟹的温度适应性

本文研究了不同温度对三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus Miers）幼体发育和幼蟹存活及摄食的影响,试验结果表明：21—27℃有可能出苗,但21℃幼体发育相当慢;24—27℃是适宜育苗温度,27％是最佳育苗温度。蟹幼体在30℃以上仅发育至Z4,18℃以下,仅发育至Z3。温度骤变5d后,幼蟹在10—30℃存活100％,35℃存活75％,5℃以下仅能存活4h。存活幼蟹,20—30℃摄饵正常,日平均摄饵量达4．64g以上。5℃／d的温度渐变时,幼蟹在10—35℃存活100％,5℃存活25％,40℃存活不超过6h。存活幼蟹,30℃摄饵最佳,日平均摄饵量达9．80g;20—35℃摄饵正常,日平均摄饵量达5．1g以上;15℃和10℃摄饵很少,日平均摄饵量分别为0．5g和0．1g;5℃以下及40℃不摄饵。     

信阳桃花水母对几种生态因子胁迫的耐受反应

在不同温度、盐度、pH等因子胁迫条件下,研究观察了信阳桃花水母(Craspedacusta sowerbyi xinyangensis)的生活状态、形态变化及存活等耐受反应,并测定了信阳桃花水母在不同温度下的耗氧率和最低耐氧能力.结果表明,信阳桃花水母的最适生活温度范围为15 ℃～25 ℃,pH为6.0～8.2.信阳桃花水母对盐度耐受力差,盐度为2时,仅能存活96 h;但具有较强的耐低氧能力,20 ℃时窒息点为026 mg·L^-1,平均耗氧量和平均耗氧率随温度的升高而升高.     

温度、基质对泡泡刺种子萌发的影响

研究了温度、种子大小和基质对荒漠植物泡泡刺种子萌发的影响.结果表明:无论是滤纸还是沙子基质上,泡泡刺种子的萌发率、平均萌发时间和萌发率指数受温度的影响显著,而受种子大小的影响不显著.在沙子处理中,较高的萌发率发生在恒温25℃～35℃和变温20℃/30℃,10℃时萌发率较低.平均萌发时间随着温度的上升而呈下降趋势.在滤纸和沙子基质中,泡泡刺萌发的基本温度、最佳温度和最高温度分别为9.0℃、25.3℃、45.2℃和4.8℃、34.1℃、45.0℃.从4.8℃～45℃,泡泡刺种子可萌发的热量范围广,说明了泡泡刺定植的高度潜力.在荒漠生态系统恢复中,这种特性可使泡泡刺成为较好的候选者.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.