中华稻蝗不同龄期的形态多样性研究

【目的】中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis的个体发育中经历体型渐变发育过程,随着龄期增加,一些功能器官逐渐发育完善,并执行相应的功能。研究中华稻蝗的个体发育规律,对于充分认识蝗虫体型的形成规律,机体结构与功能的关系,具有重要意义。【方法】本研究运用几何形态测量学方法分析不同虫龄的中华稻蝗身体结构的发育过程,探讨各器官结构的形成规律以及其功能的实现。【结果】研究结果表明:中华稻蝗不同龄的后翅、前胸背板、腹板、颜面、后足股节大小存在显著差异,随着虫龄的增加,各结构呈线性增大。PCA法和薄板样条法结果表明后翅从4龄到6龄,翅型结构呈渐变规律,成虫时肘脉域变小,轭脉域及臀脉域扩大,后翅的形状随其功能的实现显著不同于翅芽时期。前胸背板、颜面和后足股节随虫龄的增加在PC1轴呈渐变规律,随着取食和运动能力的增强,前胸背板变得更加宽阔、颜面的颊侧更加宽大,后足股节更加细长。腹板的形状在低龄阶段差异不大,成虫时在后足股节的着生区大而且向外突出。【结论】中华稻蝗不同虫龄间在后翅、前胸背板、腹板、颜面、后足股节等功能器官上存在显著差异。随着龄期的增加,各功能器官的形态呈渐变规律,然而这些功能器官的形成并非等比例扩大,而是形成特定的形态来实现其功能。     

基于几何形态测量学的黄蜻翅的雌雄二态性研究

【目的】本研究运用几何形态测量学方法对黄蜻Pantala flavescens Fabricius前翅和后翅的雌雄二态性进行分析,探讨黄蜻雌雄性在翅上的形态差异。【方法】通过对黄蜻的前翅和后翅做数字化标点,获得翅的形态信息。经主成分分析(PCA)和薄片样条法(TPS)获得雌雄性在翅型和翅脉上的差异性。【结果】PCA结果表明,黄蜻雌雄性的前翅和后翅在翅型、翅脉结构上存在着明显差异,而且后翅间的差异更大。经TPS分析可知,雌雄性黄蜻前翅上的差异部位主要发生在亚翅结和三角室,后翅的差异部位主要发生在亚翅结、肘脉域和臀角区域。对黄蜻前后翅的大小分析(CS)可知,雌性黄蜻前后翅较大,雄性黄蜻前后翅较小。【结论】黄蜻雌雄性间的翅型结构差异性表明雌雄性在其各自生活史中履行不同的职责,特定的飞行模式逐渐形成特定的翅型、翅脉结构。     

基于几何形态学的三种库蠓翅的形态变化分析

【目的】基于几何形态学方法定量分析库蠓亚属中3个近似种(刺螫库蠓Culicoides punctatus、灰黑库蠓Culicoides pulicaris和新替库蠓Culicoides newsteadi)翅的形态变化规律,以期进行准确鉴定。【方法】运用几何形态学标点(Landmark)对3种库蠓的翅进行量化分析,并结合主成分分析法(Principal component analysis,PCA)、典型变量分析法(Canonical variate analysis,CVA)、薄片样条(Thin-plate spline,TPS)及聚类分析法对3种库蠓翅进行分析比较,探讨其形态变异。【结果】3种库蠓的翅在翅型、翅脉结构上存在着显著差异,主要发生在径中横脉、径室区,以及翅基部和端部。【结论】几何形态学能够作为一种工具对蠓科昆虫进行种间关系及分类研究。     

基于几何形态学方法的秦巴山区中华蜜蜂翅形态变异研究

【目的】本研究拟揭示陕西省秦巴山区的中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana翅形态变异规律,为研究中华蜜蜂种下形态分化提供依据。【方法】基于几何形态测量学方法对陕西省秦巴山区17个样地的中华蜜蜂前翅进行量化分析,并结合主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)、典型变量分析(Canonical variate analysis,CVA)、薄板样条分析(Thin-plate spline,TPS)等方法探讨该地区中华蜜蜂形态分化规律及影响因素。【结果】不同采样地的中华蜜蜂种群在翅大小上存在显著性差异,同时翅大小与所处地理位置存在显著的相关性。前翅形态变异主成分分析结果显示来自秦岭北坡的5个种群与秦岭南坡以及巴山地区的种群在PC1方向上存在一定的分化。TPS分析结果显示北坡5个采样地种群具有较宽的翅。马氏距离和普氏距离结果均显示秦岭北坡种群与秦岭南坡种群以及巴山种群之间均存在显著性差异,且秦岭南坡种群与巴山种群之间的差异较小。普氏距离随着地理距离的增大而变大,但南北坡之间存在一定的差异。【结论】翅大小与其所处地理位置存在明显的相关性,海拔和纬度上的差异是造成翅大小变化的主要因素。处于秦岭北坡的种群与秦岭南坡以及巴山地区中华蜜蜂种群出现一定程度的翅脉形态分化。     

宽广蜡蝉属及广翅蜡蝉属前翅几何形态学分析

【目的】对目前存在争议的宽广蜡蝉属Pochazia和广翅蜡蝉属Ricania代表种的前翅形态特征进行研究,为这2个近缘属的属征厘定和种的合理归属提供更多信息。【方法】选取宽广蜡蝉属和广翅蜡蝉属共10种169头标本,每个标本前翅选取9个同源标点和前翅外轮廓(由60个半标点组成),采用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和典型变量分析(canonical variate analysis, CVA)方法,对前翅翅脉和翅轮廓进行量化分析,探讨这2个属的翅形变化规律。【结果】在对宽广蜡蝉属和广翅蜡蝉属10个代表种的前翅分析中,前3个主成分、典型变量分别能解释翅脉和翅轮廓74.945%和88.096%的变异,明确了CuA脉分叉点是变异度较高的位点,翅外缘、翅前缘和翅后缘端半部均有较高变异度;这2个属PCA中第1主成分方向上离散度高,印证了CuA脉分叉点、翅外缘、翅前缘和翅后缘端半部形状可作为属间分类依据;种间CVA中10个代表种聚集度良好,种间离散度较高,基于马氏距离显著性分析显示差异非常显著。【结论】几何形态学分析可用于宽广蜡蝉属和广翅蜡蝉属分类,但...     

新疆天山地区雏蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆天山地区雏蝗属1新种,即天山雏蝗Chorthippus tianshanensis sp.nov.,新种近似于红胫雏蝗Chorthippus rufitibis Zheng,1989,主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区的1.1倍;2)前翅较狭长,翅长为宽的4.1倍;3)前缘脉域宽为径脉分支处宽的1.7倍;4)前缘脉域宽为亚前缘脉域宽的2.6倍;5)后足胫节黄褐色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室及山西大学生命科学与技术学院.     

蝗总科昆虫雌性下生殖板及系统发育关系研究（直翅目）

在对蝗总科１０３种蝗虫雌性下生殖板进行形态学研究的基础上,对蝗总科８个科以及斑腿蝗科的稻蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和剑角蝗科的卡蝗属,选择导卵器正面观形态等１５个性状,以蚱总科为外群确定性状的极性和状态,用Ｈｅｎｎｉｎｇ８６Ｖ１．５软件对它们的系统发育关系进行地序分类研究。结果支持刘举鹏在１９９１年依蝗卵结构所提出的蝗总科分类系统,同时结果也表明蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和卡蝗     

中国东方蜜蜂的形态分化(英文)

【目的】遗传分化研究是认识蜜蜂形态多样性和适应性进化的重要环节,是确定蜜蜂资源管理单位和保护单位的前提,有助于保护蜜蜂的遗传资源。本研究通过分析形态分化,研究中国东方蜜蜂Apiscerana在中国地理环境下的遗传分化和遗传资源分布。【方法】从我国所有东方蜜蜂分布区102个采样点共采集6 147头东方蜜蜂工蜂,每一采样点10~20群中取60头工蜂进行解剖,测定与翅、个体大小、后足和体色相关的33个形态特征,进行多变量形态统计分析,划分形态类群。同时对分出的不同东方蜜蜂类群的形态特征及分布模式进行分析。【结果】根据判别分析和主成分分析的聚类结果,我国东方蜜蜂分为14个形态类群。有5个类群具有较小的个体大小。海南类群个体最小,其次为滇南类群,台湾类群,南方类群和北方类群。这5个类群之间在吻长、前翅长、前翅第3亚缘室结构、体色和蜡镜长上存在显著差异。长白类群具有最大的肘脉指数、蜡镜和第5背板绒毛带宽。而西藏波密类群具有全国最小的第五背板绒毛带宽。西北类群具有最长的后足。川西高原的5个形态类群具有个体大、体色黑等特点。其中,巴塘类群肘脉指数(3.0169)全国最小,个体大小全国最大。阿坝类群具有仅次于长白类群的肘脉指数,且翅长和第七腹板最大。德荣类群体色最黑。雅江类群具有独特的翅脉角 (A4, N23, E9和J10最小,B4最大)。川滇类群在川西高原个体最小。【结论】本研究在全面收集我国所有东方蜜蜂分布区样本,尤其是西藏波密、台湾省和川西高原的珍贵样本的基础上,进行了东方蜜蜂形态测量学分析。在我国共发现东方蜜蜂14个形态类群：海南类群、滇南类群、长白类群、台湾类群、波密类群、阿坝类群、巴塘类群、德荣类群、雅江类群、川滇类群、川贵类群、西北类群、南方类群以及北方类群。研究结果为中国东方蜜蜂遗传资源的保护和遗传资源的开发利用提供理论基础。     

新疆雏蝗属短翅亚属一新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆地区网翅蝗科雏蝗属 Chorthippus 短翅亚属1新种,即果子沟雏蝗 Chorthippus (Altichorthippus) guozigouensis sp. nov.。新种近似于姜氏雏蝗Ch. charpini Chang, 1939 与积石山雏蝗 Ch. jishishanensis Zheng et Xie, 2000。与后两者的主要区别为:♂头侧窝长为宽的3.00倍;♂触角短,刚不到达后足股节基部;♂前翅到达第7节腹节背板后缘,其前缘脉域宽为中脉域宽0.67倍,前后肘脉合并,肘脉域消失;♂后翅到达第7节腹节背板中部;尾须顶端到达肛上板长的一半,膝部与后足胫节端部棕色,非黑色。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

金色蝗属的分类研究及一新种记述（直翅目: 剑角蝗科）

本文记述采自内蒙古贺兰山地区金色蝗属Chrysacris 1新种, 即白纹金色蝗Chrysacris albonemus Zheng, Zhang et Zeng sp. nov. 该新种近似于山间金色蝗Chrysacris montanis Zhang et Zheng, 1993, 主要区别为: 1)头顶及头部背面具中隆线; 2)前胸背板沟前区长为沟后区长的1.6~1.8倍; 3)前翅前缘脉域宽为中脉域宽的1.5~2倍。附有金色蝗属分种检索表。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.