中国东方蜜蜂的形态分化(英文)

【目的】遗传分化研究是认识蜜蜂形态多样性和适应性进化的重要环节，是确定蜜蜂资源管理单位和保护单位的前提，有助于保护蜜蜂的遗传资源。本研究通过分析形态分化，研究中国东方蜜蜂Apiscerana在中国地理环境下的遗传分化和遗传资源分布。【方法】从我国所有东方蜜蜂分布区102个采样点共采集6 147头东方蜜蜂工蜂，每一采样点10~20群中取60头工蜂进行解剖，测定与翅、个体大小、后足和体色相关的33个形态特征，进行多变量形态统计分析，划分形态类群。同时对分出的不同东方蜜蜂类群的形态特征及分布模式进行分析。【结果】根据判别分析和主成分分析的聚类结果，我国东方蜜蜂分为14个形态类群。有5个类群具有较小的个体大小。海南类群个体最小，其次为滇南类群，台湾类群，南方类群和北方类群。这5个类群之间在吻长、前翅长、前翅第3亚缘室结构、体色和蜡镜长上存在显著差异。长白类群具有最大的肘脉指数、蜡镜和第5背板绒毛带宽。而西藏波密类群具有全国最小的第五背板绒毛带宽。西北类群具有最长的后足。川西高原的5个形态类群具有个体大、体色黑等特点。其中，巴塘类群肘脉指数(3.0169)全国最小,个体大小全国最大。阿坝类群具有仅次于长白类群的肘脉指数，且翅长和第七腹板最大。德荣类群体色最黑。雅江类群具有独特的翅脉角 (A4, N23, E9和J10最小，B4最大)。川滇类群在川西高原个体最小。【结论】本研究在全面收集我国所有东方蜜蜂分布区样本，尤其是西藏波密、台湾省和川西高原的珍贵样本的基础上，进行了东方蜜蜂形态测量学分析。在我国共发现东方蜜蜂14个形态类群：海南类群、滇南类群、长白类群、台湾类群、波密类群、阿坝类群、巴塘类群、德荣类群、雅江类群、川滇类群、川贵类群、西北类群、南方类群以及北方类群。研究结果为中国东方蜜蜂遗传资源的保护和遗传资源的开发利用提供理论基础。

Morphologicaldifferentiation in the Asian honey bees(Apis cerana) in China(In English)

【Aim】 The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understandthe morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees. It is a prerequisite forthe determination of the bioresource management unit and the protection unit and helps toprotect the genetic resources of honey bees. This study aims to study the geneticdifferentiation and genetic resource distribution of the Asian honey bee, Apis ceranaacross the geographical environment in China by analyzing morphological differentiation. 【Methods】 A total of 6 147 worker bees of A. cerana were collected from 102 sampling sitesacross the complete distribution area of A. cerana in China. Sixty worker bees of eachsampling site from 10-20 colonies were dissected and 33 morphological characteristicsassociated with the wings, individual size, hind leg, and body color were measured. Amultivariate morphometric analysis was conducted and clusters with their morphologicaltraits and distribution patterns were identified. 【Results】 According to the clusterresults of discriminant analysis and principal component analysis, A. cerana in China canbe divided into 14 morphological clusters. Five clusters with smaller body size wereidentified. Hainan cluster had the smallest body size, followed by South Yunnan cluster,Taiwan cluster, Southern cluster, and Northern cluster. These five clusters weresignificantly different in proboscis length, forewing length, the structure of the 3rdsubmarginal cell in the forewing, body color, and the length of the wax plate. Changbaicluster had the largest cubital index, wax plate size, and width of the stripe of tomentumon tergite 5. However, Bomi cluster of Tibet had the smallest width of the stripe oftomentum on tergite 5 in China. Northwest cluster had the longest hind legs. Five clustersin the West Sichuan Plateau were characterized by larger individuals and black body color.Batang cluster had the smallest cubital index (3.0169) and the largest individual size inChina. The cubital index of the Aba cluster was inferior only to that of the Changbaicluster, and the wing lengths and the sizes of sternite 7 were the largest. Derong clusterwas the darkest. Yajiang cluster was unique in wing vein angles (A4, N23, E9 and J10 werethe smallest and B4 the largest). Chuandian cluster had the smallest body size on theWestern Sichuan Plateau. 【Conclusion】 In this study, the morphometric analysis of A.cerana was conducted based on collection of samples across the complete distribution areaof A. cerana in China, especially those from Bomi of Tibet, Taiwan Province, and theWestern Sichuan Plateau. Fourteen clusters of A. cerana were obtained in China, includingHainan cluster, southern Yunnan cluster, Changbai cluster, Taiwan cluster, Bomi cluster,Aba cluster, Batang cluster, Derong cluster, Yajiang cluster, Chuandian cluster, Chuanguicluster, Northwest cluster, Southern cluster, and Northern cluster. The results of thisstudy provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of genetic resourcesof A. cerana in China.