新疆西部雏蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆西部网翅蝗科雏蝗属 Chorthippus 1新种,即新源雏蝗 Ch. xinyuanensis sp. nov.。新种近似于狭窝雏蝗Ch. foveatus Xia & Jin, 1982和长角雏蝗Ch. longicornis (Latreille),1804。与二者的主要区别为:前胸背板沟前区与沟后区等长;前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的1.7倍;前翅到达第6节背板中部(♂);中脉域约与肘脉域等宽(♂)。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

中国新疆喀纳斯湖雏蝗属(直翅目,网翅蝗科)一新种记述(英文)

记述采自新疆北部喀纳斯湖地区网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus 1新种,喀纳斯雏蝗Ch.kanasensissp.nov.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。喀纳斯雏蝗,新种Chorthippus kanasensis sp.nov.(图1～7)新种近似于恒山雏蝗Ch.henshanensis Ma,Guo et Zheng,1995,与后者的主要区别为:前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的2.0倍(♂)或2.3倍(♀);前翅略不到达后足股节端部(♂)或到达后足股节端部(♀);翅长为宽的4.0倍(♂)或5.6倍(♀);径脉域的最宽处约为亚前缘脉域宽度的1.5倍(♂);中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的1.5倍。正模♂,新疆布尔津县喀纳斯湖(48°19’N,87°02’E;海拔1374m),2005-08-08,王延峰、杨亮、张陵采。副模:1♂,3♀♀,同正模。词源:新种种名源自正模的产地。     

四川省雏蝗属一新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自中国四川省网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus(Altichorthippus)1新种:周氏雏蝗Chorthippus(Altichorthippus)choui sp.nov.。本新种同昌都雏蝗Chorthippus(A.)changtunensis Yin,1984近似,其区别特征为:后足股节和胫节桔红色;雄性腹部末端桔红色;前翅中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的1.2倍;本新种同西藏雏蝗Ch.(A.)tibetanus Uvarov,1935也近似,其区别特征为前胸背板侧隆线在沟前区明显,呈角状弯曲,在前横沟和后横沟之间不消失。     

新疆天山地区雏蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆天山地区雏蝗属1新种,即天山雏蝗Chorthippus tianshanensis sp.nov.,新种近似于红胫雏蝗Chorthippus rufitibis Zheng,1989,主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区的1.1倍;2)前翅较狭长,翅长为宽的4.1倍;3)前缘脉域宽为径脉分支处宽的1.7倍;4)前缘脉域宽为亚前缘脉域宽的2.6倍;5)后足胫节黄褐色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室及山西大学生命科学与技术学院.     

东北地区蝗总科两新种(直翅目)

记述采自东北黑龙江省及吉林省蝗总科2新种,即网翅蝗科的北安雏蝗Chorthippus beianensis sp.nov..新种近似于琼根河雏蝗Chorthippus genheensis Li et Yin,主要区别为触角中段一节的长度为宽度的2.5倍;前翅中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的4倍(♂);后翅仅达前翅长的1/2;雌性前翅仅到达第3腹节背板后缘;后足股节仅上膝侧片黑色.另1新种为剑角蝗科的宽肘迷蝗Confusacris amplicubitus sp.nov.,该种近似于短翅迷蝗Confusacris brachypterus Yin et LI,主要区别为触角中段一节的长度为宽度的3～4倍(♂)或2倍(♀);中胸腹板侧叶间中隔最狭处宽与长度相等(♂)或为长的1.4倍(♀);前翅超过后足股节中部;前翅肘脉域宽为中脉域宽的2.3倍;雌性前翅径脉域黑色,不具淡色纹;后足股节膝侧片及胫节基部非黑色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

西藏地区拟康蝗属一新种(直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自中国西藏网翅蝗科拟康蝗属Kangacrisoides Wang et al.,2006 1新种：江达拟康蝗Kangacrisoides jiangdaensis sp. nov.。新种同霍城拟康蝗K. huochengensis Wang, Zheng & Niu, 2006近似,其区别特征为：头背面具中隆线;雄性头侧窝长为宽的2.5–3倍,而雌性为3倍;雌性前翅在背面狭分开,而雄性刚刚相连;雄性前翅顶到达第5–6腹节背板,而雌性到达第4腹节背板;雄性中脉域为肘脉域宽2倍,而雌性为3倍;后足胫节内侧之上、下距近等长;鼓膜孔宽卵形;雌性下生殖板后缘角形突出。     

新疆西北部雏蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

记述采自新疆西北部网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus1新种,即温泉雏蝗Chorthippus wenquanensis sp. nov.。新种近似于黄胫雏蝗C. rufitibialus,与后者的主要区别为(♂):复眼纵径约为眼下沟长度的1.8-1.9倍;前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处的2.0倍;后足跗节爪间中垫小,略短于爪长的一半;后足胫节基部黄褐色,非黑色;爪基部淡蓝色。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

江苏网翅蝗科—新属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述了采自江苏泗阳县网翅蝗科1新属－苏蝗属Suacris gen.nov.及1新种－Suacris siyan-gensis sp.nov.。该新属近似于牧草蝗属Omocestus I.Bol.，其主要区别特征为：前胸背板侧隆线微微弯曲，最宽处为最窄处的1.6-1.8倍；前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域；鼓膜器雄性宽卵形、雌性狭缝状。该新属也近似于拟草地蝗属Stenobothroides Xu et Zheng，其主要区别特征为：侧隆线明显且弯曲；雄性腹部末节无尾片；雄性下生殖板长锥形。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所。1 苏蝗属，新属Suacris gen.nov.模式种：泗阳苏蝗Suacris siyangensis sp.nov.正模：1♂；副模：1♀，江苏泗阳，1957－Ⅸ－16，采集者未知。体小型。头大而短，较短于前胸背板。头侧窝明显，呈长方形。颜面向后倾斜。中单眼较小于侧单眼。触角丝状，基部触角节宽大于长，向端部触角节渐渐变狭。前胸背板中隆线明显，侧隆线在沟前区微微弯曲，其最宽处约为最窄处的1.6-1.8倍；前胸背板后级中央钝角形。前、后翅发达，超过后股节中部，前翅顶端圆形，无凹陷，前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域。中、后胸腹板侧叶全长均明显地分开。后足股节内侧具发音齿，可与前翅纵脉磨擦发音。后足胫节缺外端刺。鼓膜器：雄性宽卵形，雌性宽缝状。     

中国新疆蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗科,大足蝗亚科)(英文)

记述新疆蝗属1新种,黄胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris flavitibis sp. nov.。新种近似于红胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris rufitibisZheng,1993,但区别于后者为:前翅超过后足股节顶端;肘脉域宽为中脉域宽的3倍:后足股节下侧黄色后足胫节黄褐色。模式模本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

江苏网翅蝗科一新属一新种(直翅目:蝗总科)

记述了采自江苏泗阳县网翅蝗科1新属——苏蝗属Suacris gen.nov.及1新种——Suacris siyangensis sp.nov..该新属近似于牧草蝗属Omocestus I.Bol.,其主要区别特征为:前胸背板侧隆线微微弯曲,最宽处为最窄处的1.6～1.8倍;前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域;鼓膜器雄性宽卵形、雌性狭缝状.该新属也近似于拟草地蝗属Stenobothroides Xu et Zheng,其主要区别特征为:侧隆线明显且弯曲;雄性腹部末节无尾片;雄性下生殖板长锥形.新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所.1 苏蝗属,新属Suacris gen.nov. 模式种:泗阳苏蝗Suacris siyangensis sp.nov. 正模:1♂;副模:1♀,江苏泗阳,1957-Ⅸ-16,采集者未知. 体小型.头大而短,较短于前胸背板.头侧窝明显,呈长方形.颜面向后倾斜.中单眼较小于侧单眼.触角丝状,基部触角节宽大于长,向端部触角节渐渐变狭.前胸背板中隆线明显,侧隆线在沟前区微微弯曲,其最宽处约为最窄处的1.6～1.8倍;前胸背板后缘中央钝角形.前、后翅发达,超过后股节中部,前翅顶端圆形,无凹陷,前翅肘脉域几乎等宽或略宽于中脉域.中、后胸腹板侧叶全长均明显地分开.后足股节内侧具发音齿,可与前翅纵脉磨擦发音.后足胫节缺外端刺.鼓膜器:雄性宽卵形,雌性宽缝状.     

Heterostyly in species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) andHugonia (Linaceae) and other disputed cases

The hypothesis ofHenriques andFernandes that several Iberian species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) are tristylous is reconsidered. Contrary to the opinion ofBateman and most subsequent authors, we believe that the available evidence indicates that some populations ofN. triandrus andN. fernandesii, at least, are tristylous; other populations ofN. triandrus are distylous.Hugonia cf.penicillanthemum (Linaceae) from new Caledonia is distylous, but it remains possible that other species ofHugonia are tristylous. The disputed occurrence of heterostyly in S. African species ofBauhinia (Leguminosae),Cleome (Capparaceae) andAneilema (Commelinaceae), and inAgelaea (Connaraceae) is discussed.     

Ultrastructure of carpospores inGastroclonium clavatum (Roth)Ardissone (Rhodymeniales)

Summary Carpospores ofG. clavatum have been studied under the light and electron microscopes. They are wedge-shaped cells of 80–100 m at their longest diameters. The nucleus is an uncondensed structure provided with a regular outline and a large nucleolus. The plastids constitute heterogeneous populations of organelles differing in size and shape as well as in number and arrangement of the thylakoids. Multiplicating plastids are also present. The mitochondria are small but have well developed cristae. The Golgi apparatus consists of very numerous active dictyosomes. Starch is the main storage substance but some large lipid bodies are also present. Labyrinthine polysaccharide aggregations are present in the carposporial cytoplasm. Multilayered bodies constitute a sui generis very conspicuous cell component.     

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tenax (Sandhouse) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) as a solitary sweat bee

Summary Nine nests ofLasioglossum (Dialictus) tenax were excavated near Calgary, Alberta, Canada over a time period encompassing the entire brood production period in 1988. Each nest contained a maximum of one active adult female, nest productivity peaked in mid July, protandry was noted and no significant size difference between foundresses and the earlier emerging females was detected. These data suggest that this species is solitary. These results are compared with data for the sympatrically nesting eusocial speciesL. (D.) laevissimum.     

New records of the carabidicolous Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) of Japan (II)

Six carabidicolous species of Laboulbeniales are reported as new for the Japanese mycoflora. They areLaboulbenia finitima, L. separata, L. borneensis, L. manubriolata, Dimeromyces caribaeus, andDixomyces ornatus. In Japan, the former three species are parasitic onMochtherus luctuosus and the latter three species onPerigona nigriceps. Laboulbenia finitima occurs on the left legs (tarsi and tibiae);L. separata on the left elytral margin:L. borneensis on the pronotum;L. manubriolata on the pronotum and elytra;Dimeromyces caribaeus on the right inferior posterior surface of the prothorax (pronotal hypomeron); andDixomyces ornatus on the outer margin of the right elytron. Comments and photographs are given for each fungus.     

New species ofBeaufortia andChamaelaucium (Myrtaceae),Drosera (Droseraceae) andPultenaea (Fabaceae) from SW. Australia

Four new species of the generaBeaufortia, Chamaelaucium, Drosera, andPultenaea are described based on the author's collections from SW. Australia. Their affinities are discussed and full illustrations are provided.Dedicated to Hofrat Univ.-Prof.K. H. Rechinger on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Development of Encarsia bimaculata (Heraty and Polaszek) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) nymphs

Encarsia bimaculata was recently described from India as a potentially useful parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci. Its developmental biology was studied in the laboratory at 25–30 °C and 70–75% RH. Results showed that E. bimaculata is a solitary, arrhenotokous, heteronomous, autoparasitoid. Mated females laid eggs internally in B. tabaci nymphs that developed as primary parasitoids. Males developed as hyperparasitoids, either in females of their own species or in other primary aphelinid parasitoids. Superparasitism was common under cage conditions. Both sexes have an egg, three larval instars, prepupal, and pupal stages. Development from egg to adult took 12.70 ± 2.10 days for females and 14.48 ± 2.60 days for males. Individual B. tabaci nymphs were examined for E. bimaculata parasitization using three isozymes: esterase, malate dehydrogenase, and xanthine dehydrogenase. All three isozymes showed differential banding patterns that identified E. bimaculata parasitized or unparasitized B. tabaci nymphs.     

Chemosystematics ofSuillaceae andGomphidiaceae (suborderSuillineae)

The chemotaxonomic findings relating to the generaBoletinus, Suillus, Gastroboletus, Gomphidius, andChroogomphus are summarized and discussed, using published data as well as our own hitherto unpublished evidence of pigments and chromogens. The study confirms repeatedly made claims that these genera are closely related. In addition to the presence of pigments which are typical for most members of theBoletales (e.g., pulvinic acid derivatives, terphenyl quinones, cyclopentenones), prenylated phenols and quinones can also be constantly detected here (with the exception ofBoletinus), just as inRhizopogon. Accordingly,Suillus is more closely related to theGomphidiaceae andRhizopogonaceae than to the remaining boletes. It is therefore necessary to establish a new family (Suillaceae which includeBoletinus, Suillus, andGastrosuillus) and a new suborder (Suillineae which includeSuillaceae, Gomphidiaceae, andRhizopogonaceae) within theBoletales. Chemosystematics ofBoletales 2. For part 1 seeBesl & al. (1986). Dedicated to emer. Univ.-Prof. DrFriedrich Ehrendorfer on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

ThechlL (frxC) gene: Phylogenetic distribution in vascular plants and DNA sequence fromPolystichum acrostichoides (Pteridophyta) andSynechococcus sp. 7002 (Cyanobacteria)

We examinedchlL (frxC) gene evolution using several approaches. Sequences from the chloroplast genome of the fernPolystichum acrostichoides and from the cyanobacteriumSynechococcus sp. 7002 were determined and found to be highly conserved. A complete physical map of the fern chloroplast genome and partial maps of other vascular plant taxa show thatchlL is located primarily in the small single copy region as inMarchantia polymorpha. A survey of a wide variety of non-angiospermous vascular plant DNAs shows thatchlL is widely distributed but has been lost in the pteridophytePsilotum and (presumably independently) within the Gnetalean gymnosperms.The namefrxC was originally used to denote a gene encoding a product with probable Fe : S cluster binding activity. This activity was postulated due to the amino acid sequence similarity between this product and the Fe : S-binding nitrogenase iron proteinnifH. Fe : S-binding is a property shared by ferredoxins, which are denoted by the prefix frx. However, this gene does not encode a ferredoxin. It is much larger than any known ferredoxin, it binds its Fe : S cluster between two halves of a homodimer (Fujita & al. 1989,Burke & al. 1993 a, c) instead of within a single subunit, and it lacks the pattern of clustered cysteines present in all ferredoxins (Meyer 1988). Therefore, we use the namechlL to recognize the sequence and functional similarities to the bacterial PChlide reductase subunit,bchL. Similar usage has been adopted for this (Suzuki & Bauer 1992) and other (Choquet & al. 1992,Burke & al. 1993b) PChlide reductase subunits.     

Systematic study ofOsbertia (Asteraceae-Astereae)

Osbertia, a stoloniferous group confined to the montane regions of Mexico and adjacent Guatemala, was first proposed as a genus byGreene (1895), but most workers have retained the taxon as part ofHaplopappus. It is clearly closer toNoticastrum, Erigeron orHeterotheca than it is toHaplopappus sensu stricto. The present treatment recognizes two species, a widespread highly variableOsbertia stolonifera and a newly describedO. chihuahuana from northwestern Mexico. Distribution maps, distinguishing features, full synonymy and illustrations are presented.