中医正邪理论的微生态学思考

微生态学是微生物学与生态学相结合的一门新兴学科,主要研究微生物与微生物间、微生物与宿主间所构成的庞大生态系统,为西医认识机体开辟了新思路以及为临床治疗提供了新路径。中医学有着几千年的发展历史和博大精深的理论体系。从《黄帝内经》开始就认为,疾病是邪正盛衰斗争的结果,扶正祛邪是防治疾病的最重要原则。笔者通过对中医学和微生态学的学习,发现二者诸多观点不谋而合,拟从微生态角度思考中医正邪理论,以期丰富和发展中医,探索和拓展中医学与微生态学结合新视角。     

“魏羲预言”对中医理论研究的启迪 ——宏观生态理论在人体微观世界的运用

摘要：本文旨在探讨“魏曦预言”对中医研究的启迪,阐释中医理论建构的奥秘。通过比较“生态”要素进入微生态学和中医学的途径和形式,分析中医理论建构的原理。研究表明：（1）进入微生态学的“生态”要素来自现代宏生态学,进入中医学的“生态”要素来自中国古代生态理论,两个“生态”要素所基于的生态理论是不同的,其涵义也不同;（2）医学微生态学是关于“微生态体”的生态医学,中医学是关于“类生态体”的生态医学。本文认为,魏羲预言对中医理论研究的启迪是“宏观生态理论在人体微观世界的运用”,这是医学微生态学和中医学的共同之处,这或许就是魏曦预言的关键所在。     

论医学微生态学理论在祖国医学中的体现和作用

中国著名的微生态学专家 ,中国微生态学创始人之一魏曦教授早在 10多年前就在微生态学刍议一文中这样写道 :中医的四诊八纲是从整体出发 ,探讨人体平衡和失调的转化机制 ,并通过中药使失调恢复平衡 ,因此 ,我相信 ,微生态学很可能成为打开中医奥秘大门的一把金钥匙。本文就医学微生态学理论在祖国医学中的体现和作用加以论述 ,以飧读者。1　阴阳平衡理论与微生态平衡理论阴阳学说是中国古代的一种宇宙观和方法论 ,它渗透到医学领域后 ,促进了中医理论体系的形成和发展 ,成为中医学的重要理论基础和指导思想 ,借此阐明人体的生理功能、病理变…     

中国中医药微生态学研究30年进展回顾与展望CSCD

魏曦教授是我国微生态学创始人之一,他在中国微生态学杂志创刊期中指出:“微生态学很可能成为打开中医奥秘大门的一把金钥匙。”[1],此即“魏曦预言”。从微生态学角度对中医药学原理和实践进行科学研究和认识,这是极具挑战性的尝试,破解中医学的奥秘、阐明中医学的科学内涵,其理论和实践乃至文化意义和价值都是重大的。迄今该课题的提出已过30年,其研究不仅推动了中医药学的发展,而且中医药微生态研究本身也在发展,中医药微生态学已初步形成,并成为中国微生态学的特色。本文就上述内容进行概括性回顾和评论,并对未来的发展提出拙见,以期对探索中医学奥秘、阐释其科学内涵的研究有所启发。     

浅议中医体质与肠道微生态的关系及个体化医疗

中医体质是人体生命过程中先天禀赋和后天获得基础上所形成的形态结构,具有生理功能和心理状态方面综合的、相对稳定的固有特质。中医体质分型更好地阐述了独立个体疾病的易患因素和疾病演变的倾向性,从而更好地诠释中医体系的个体化医疗。人体肠道微生物总量达100万亿,占人体总微生物量的78.67%,肠道微生态系统是人体最重要的微生态系统。肠道微生态系统可以更好地掌握和利用精准遗传学信息来防病治病、促进健康,从而更好地诠释西医体系的个体化医疗。基于中医体质理论与肠道微生态学相结合的个体化医疗兼顾中西医学理论基础及治疗方案,其关联性的研究使现代科学理论方法和技术在中医学研究中有了用武之地。     

关于中医学与微生态学在原理上的统一性

关于中医学与微生态学在原理上的统一性大连医科大学微生态学研究所大连１１６０２３蔡子微，康白我国微生态学创始人之一，中国科学院院士魏羲教授生前曾预言：“微生态学很可能成为打开中医奥秘大门的一把金钥匙”［１］。这一预言激励着众多的研究者从理论和实践上去探...     

浅谈中医舌诊与微生态

中医学是我国传统医学,历经数千年,通过历代医家的努力,不断地丰富发展,逐渐形成了—个具有丰富的学术内容和诊疗经验,具有独特的理论风格的完整的学科体系。其中论及了大量微生态的内容,而且贯穿在中医理、法、方、药的整个理论体系中,随着当代中西医结合工作者在这方面研究工作的逐渐开展和深入,中医与微生态的本质联系正在逐步被揭示出来,     

微生态学与中医“心与小肠相表里”新论

本文阐述了中医"心与小肠相表里"的理论内涵。中医"心与小肠相表里"与现代医学提出的"脑-肠轴"理论是相通的,具体可理解为中枢神经系统与肠道菌群的密切关系。脑与肠道菌群是相关的,二者在生理上相互配合、在病理上互相影响。同时探讨了微生态学与中医"心与小肠相表里"的相关性,阐述了脑对肠道菌群的调控和肠道菌群对中枢神经系统疾病的发生、发展的影响。依据中医"心与小肠相表里"理论和微生态学的临床应用,提出了用改善肠道菌群的微生态方法治疗和预防一些神经系统疾病的新理念。     

论微生态学的逻辑起点

目的 探讨微生态学的逻辑起点及其有关问题.方法 理论研究.结果 提出了微生态体的概念,探讨了微生态体作为微生态学的逻辑起点的问题.基于微生态体概念,对微生态学的概念、研究对象、研究目的等有关问题进行了探讨.结论 阐释了微生态学的逻辑起点是微生态体的学术观点,为微生态学理论体系的发展提供逻辑基础.     

基于“心与小肠相表里”理论探讨肠道微生态与骨质疏松症的关系

近年来相关研究显示,肠道微生态在骨质疏松症的发生发展中起着重要作用。中医脏腑理论密切关注脏腑之间的生理病理关系,以中医经典《内经》“心与小肠相表里”理论为基础,探讨心、小肠、肠道微生态与骨质疏松症之间的关系。研究发现肠道微生态可能是心系疾病导致骨质疏松症的途径之一,这一发现可能为骨质疏松症的研究与防治提供一定的理论依据。     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.