几种活菌的定植性研究

由无菌动物和动物的实验证明,喂服双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及肠球菌可以在体内定植,双歧杆菌在构成膜菌群中起重要作用,其定植数为１０＾６－１０＾８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ,在盲肠内容物中其定植数为１０＾８－１０＾９ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ,乳杆菌的定植数为１０＾８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ,肠球菌的定植数为１０＾６－１０＾７ＣＲＦＵ／ｍｌ。     

屎肠球菌活菌制剂的研究

对屎肠球菌活菌制剂的特性及功效进行研究和分析。方法：通过分离菌种、筛选、鉴定、初步确定一株具有调节血脂作用的屎肠球菌菌株。经过毒理学试验、调血脂功能试验及人体试食试验来观察该制剂的作用。结果：毒理学试验结果证明屎肠球菌DM891129菌株属无毒、弱蓄积,无遗传毒性。功效试验表明高中低剂量组均只有降低实验高脂血症大鼠血胆固醇的作用。结论：屎肠球菌活菌制剂具有调节血脂作用。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对结直肠癌术后炎症反应及 肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨围手术期补充双歧三联活菌胶囊对结直肠癌术后炎症反应及肠道微生态的影响。方法选取拟行结直肠癌根治术的患者70例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以根治性结直肠癌术,对照组术前予以常规禁食、传统肠道准备,术后予以围手术期常规治疗,并予以等氮量等热量的营养支持。观察组在对照组基础上术前5d加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,3次/d,温水口服,替代术前肠道抗生素的使用,术后24h继续使用双歧三联活菌胶囊至术后1周,剂量和方法同术前。评估两组患者入院时及术后1周肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌)数量和血清炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平的变化,并比较感染并发症的发生率。结果术后1周,观察组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和肠球菌数量较入院时均有不同程度的上升(P0.05),大肠埃希菌数量变化不明显(P0.05);对照组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和肠球菌数量较入院时均有不同程度的下降(P0.05),大肠埃希菌数量较入院时有不同程度上升(P0.05)。术后1周,观察组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和肠球菌数量较对照组更多,大肠埃希菌数量较对照组更少(P0.05)。同时两组血清hs-CRP和TNF-α水平均较入院时均有不同程度的上升(P0.05或P0.01),其上升幅度观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。在感染并发症发生率上观察组较对照组更低(χ~2=4.20,P0.05)。结论围手术期补充双歧三联活菌胶囊不仅能纠正结直肠癌患者术后肠道微生态失调,提高肠道内乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量,重建肠道菌群平衡,还能有效减轻患者术后炎症反应,减少术后感染并发症的发生。     

高效降解草酸乳酸菌的筛选

尿路结石70%~80%主要由草酸钙结晶构成。人体内的草酸一般通过肠道内微生物降解,经由粪便排出或在泌尿道吸收由尿液排出。本研究对市场上商品化的发酵乳制品、饮料和药品中的乳酸菌进行分离,得到37株菌,包括嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌和乳球菌,并检测这些菌株降解草酸的能力。结果提示,乳酸菌在体外能够有效的降低培养物中的草酸浓度,并筛选出了具有高效降解草酸能力的乳酸菌菌株。有望成为尿石症预防的新措施。     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

断奶仔猪肠道菌群的研究

研究断奶仔猪在不同生理状况下的肠道菌群,结果表明：健康仔猪肠道内容物中,从十二指肠到结肠,所测定的８种细胞数量都随肠段后移而逐渐增加,４３日龄仔猪肠道内容物中以乳杆菌、肠球菌和梭菌占绝对优势,双歧杆菌次之;与健康仔猪相比,下痢仔猪肠道中肠球菌、梭菌和乳杆菌等优势菌群的数量明显低于对照组;饲喂了含肠球菌的活菌制剂的仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌和类杆菌的数量比对照组明显增加,但肠球菌数量却无显著改变。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠造口术后腹泻患者肠道菌群及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠造口术后腹泻患者肠道菌群及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法选取外科门诊就诊结肠造口术后腹泻患者82例,随机分为观察组和对照组各41例。两组患者均予以口服补液盐、止泻药等常规治疗。观察组加用双歧三联活菌胶囊温水口服,630mg/次,2次/d,连用4周。于治疗前后观察两组患者肠道菌群数量及肠黏膜屏障功能指标的变化,并比较其临床效果。结果治疗4周后,两组患者双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及B/E比值上升,大肠埃希菌和肠球菌数量下降(P0.05),且观察组变化幅度更大;两组患者血清D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平降低(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度更大(P0.05);在总有效率上观察组较对照组更佳(P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊治疗结肠造口术后腹泻患者效果较佳,机制与其能调节肠道微生态平衡紊乱,重建肠道微生态平衡,并能保护与修复肠黏膜屏障,减少其通透性,改善肠道功能密切相关。     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂治疗细菌性阴道病临床疗效观察

本文通过乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂（定菌生）与灭滴灵对照治疗细菌性阴道病,评价其疗效及安全性,经临床及化验室检查证实无其他疾病并排除滴虫性阴道炎及霉菌性阴道炎的ＢＶ患者６０例,乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂治疗３０例,灭滴灵对照３０例,治疗１个疗程（１０）,停药３天复查。结果：乳杆菌活胶囊制剂和灭滴灵治疗细菌性阴道病,二者总有效率分别为７７．３％及７７．８％,治疗前后实验室无明显改变。结论：乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂是治疗Ｂ     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片 对重症脑卒中患者肠道功能的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片对重症脑卒中患者肠道菌群及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法选择重庆市人民医院2017年1月至2017年11月收治的100例重症脑卒中患者,随机将入选患者分为治疗组和对照组各50例。治疗组在常规肠内营养(EN)治疗基础上联用双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗,对照组给予常规EN治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后营养状况、肠道菌群数量和肠黏膜屏障功能。比较两组患者治疗后消化道并发症发生率。结果治疗前,两组患者营养状况、肠道菌群数量和肠黏膜屏障功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者营养状况指标白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)和三头肌肌围(MAMC)水平,肠道有益菌(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌)数量均有所上升,肠黏膜屏障功能指标二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平及肠道有害菌数量(小梭菌和肠球菌)均降低。与对照组相比,治疗组患者ALB、Hb和MAMC水平,肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌数量均显著升高,DAO、D-乳酸水平和小梭菌、肠球菌数量均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者消化道并发症发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片能够显著改善脑卒中患者的营养状况,有效调节菌群失衡,改善肠黏膜屏障功能,降低并发症发生。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片对乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭合并感染患者肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

目的分析双歧杆菌四联活菌片对乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)合并感染患者肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响,为该病的治疗提供参考。方法选择2017年12月至2018年12月我院收治的106例HBV-ACLF合并感染患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=53)与研究组(n=53)。对照组患者采用常规治疗,研究组患者在对照组基础上口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片,两组患者均治疗1个月。比较两组患者治疗总有效率及肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌)、免疫功能(CD4~+细胞、CD8~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+)、肝功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)]情况。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(90.57%vs 73.58%,χ~2=5.194,P=0.023)。治疗前,两组患者肠道双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌数量及CD4~+细胞、CD8~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+、AST、ALT水平差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后,对照组患者肠道双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌数量较治疗前差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),而研究组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量较治疗前显著升高,肠杆菌、肠球菌数量较治疗前显著下降(均P0.05)。治疗后两组患者CD4~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较治疗前显著升高,CD8~+细胞、AST、ALT水平较治疗前显著下降(均P0.05)。治疗后研究组患者CD4~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较对照组显著升高,CD8~+细胞、AST、ALT水平较对照组显著下降(均P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗HBV-ACLF合并感染患者的临床疗效较好,能够调节患者肠道菌群,改善患者免疫功能及肝功能,值得临床推广。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。