60Co辐射诱变对巴氏蘑菇(姬松茸)子实体多糖组分与结构变化的影响

巴氏蘑菇(姬松茸)原菌株J1和辐射突变株J3子实体粗多糖经水提、醇沉、Sevage法去除蛋白,透析得精多糖ABJ-1和ABJ-3;经紫外扫描和凝胶色谱法检测表明,ABJ-1和ABJ-3均具有较高的纯度。以苯酚-硫酸法测得了ABJ-1和ABJ-3的糖含量分别为47%和76.68%,凯氏定氮法测定其含氮量分别为5.77%和21%。,以凝胶过滤法测定了其分子量均在4万左右。完全酸水解后气相色谱分析显示ABJ-1含有甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖等单糖,ABJ-3含有大量的甘露糖及少量的葡萄糖等单糖。红外光谱和Smith降解后气相色谱分析显示ABJ-1和ABJ-3糖基连接键均以a,1-4糖苷键为主。     

60Co辐射诱变对巴氏蘑菇(姬松茸)子实体多糖组分与结构变化的影响

巴氏蘑菇(姬松茸)原菌株J1和辐射突变株J3子实体粗多糖经水提、醇沉、Sevage法去除蛋白,透析得精多糖ABJ-1和ABJ-3;经紫外扫描和凝胶色谱法检测表明,ABJ-1和ABJ-3均具有较高的纯度。以苯酚-硫酸法测得了ABJ-1和ABJ-3的糖含量分别为47%和76.68%,凯氏定氮法测定其含氮量分别为5.77%和21%。,以凝胶过滤法测定了其分子量均在4万左右。完全酸水解后气相色谱分析显示ABJ-1含有甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖等单糖,ABJ-3含有大量的甘露糖及少量的葡萄糖等单糖。红外光谱和Smith降解后气相色谱分析显示ABJ-1和ABJ-3糖基连接键均以a,1-4糖苷键为主。     

两种灵芝孢子粉多糖的分离纯化和结构

本文采用水提醇沉法从灵芝孢子粉中提取其粗多糖,经Sepharose CL-6B凝胶柱层析分离得两种主要成分LBPI和LBPII,经高效液相色谱鉴定,均为高均一性成分,分子量分别为9.17×10 ⁴和1.86×10 ⁴;经酸水解、乙酰化和气相色谱分析,确定LBPI的单糖组成为甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖,LBPII的单糖组成为鼠李糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖;通过高碘酸氧化、甲基化和GC-MS进行结构分析,确定LBPI中葡萄糖残基连接方式为1→、1→4,6和1→3,6连接,半乳糖残基为1→6连接,甘露糖残基为1→3,6连接,LBPII中鼠李糖残基连接方式为1→连接,葡萄糖残基为1→、1→4、1→6、1→4,6和1→3,6连接,半乳糖残基为1→6连接,甘露糖残基为1→2,3,6连接。综上,两种多糖LBPI和LBPII均为多分支的中型杂多糖,但两者的单糖组成和连接方式存在差异,这两种多糖成分均为首次报道,可望为灵芝孢子粉的成分、活性研究和资源开发提供理论依据。     

当归多糖的分离、纯化及单糖成分分析

选取当归为原料,采用水提醇沉法进行多糖提取,经Savage法结合木瓜蛋白酶法脱蛋白,H2O2脱色,透析,DEAE-52纤维素柱分离得到5个级分。经紫外光谱法与葡聚糖凝胶-100(SephadexG-100)凝胶柱层析法鉴定5种成分均为单一成分;通过红外光谱法、薄层色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析该五种成分,5级多糖成分均为果胶类多糖;WASP-1可能是吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-2为β-型吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-3既是β-型吡喃环当归多糖复合物,又是α-型D-吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-4为吡喃环当归多糖复合物;WASP-5为β-型当归多糖复合物,可能含有吡喃环;经GC-MS鉴定,WASP-1、WASP-2及WASP-3中单糖组成为山梨糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖;WASP-4中单糖组成为葡萄糖与半乳糖;WASP-5中仅含葡萄糖。     

猪肚菇多糖WPG1的相对分子质量测定及原子力显微镜观测

热水提取猪肚菇粗多糖中的酸性多糖WPG1,经凝胶纯化后用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定其相对分子质量,用气相色谱对其单糖组成进行分析,用原子力显微镜（AFM）对其形态结构进行观测。结果表明：酸性多糖WPG1经SephacrylS-300凝胶层析纯化后得到WPG1-1和WPG1-2这2个组分; 经HPLC分析可知WPG1-1与WPG1-2均为单一组分,其相对分子质量分别为1.7×106和1.6×104; WPG1-1与WPG1-2的单糖组成主要是糖醛酸、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖; 原子力显微镜观测图分析表明WPG1-1为网链状聚集体结构,WPG1-2呈梭状聚集体,两者均非单链存在。     

夏枯草多糖的分离、纯化及结构初步分析

采用100℃热水提取,得到夏枯草粗多糖。经阴离子交换柱层析、凝胶过滤柱层析对粗多糖进行纯化分级,通过高效凝胶过滤色谱测得了其主要组分PLS3的重均分子量为8.3×10-5Da。对PLS3进行了红外分析,测定了其初步结构;并分别以气相色谱和柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定了粗多糖和PLS3的单糖组成,发现两者所含单糖种类一致,都为半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖,但两种物质的单糖组成相对摩尔百分比有所差异。     

宁夏中宁地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分GC-MS分析

研究宁夏中宁地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分,为不同地区灵武长枣的开发利用提供试验依据。以不同发育时期中宁产灵武长枣果实为试验材料,采用热水浸提法和气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)等,探讨不同发育时期果实多糖含量变化规律及其单糖组成成分。结果表明,不同发育时期中宁产灵武长枣果实粗多糖得率分别为:膨大前期0.43%、快速膨大期0.527%、着色期0.80%和完熟期0.618%;果实粗多糖经DEAE-52均得到Ju-0、Ju-1、Ju-2、Ju-3 4个多糖级分,其中Ju-2含量为最高,表明果实多糖的主要形式为酸性多糖;不同发育时期果实各精制多糖总共含有阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸10种单糖,不含果糖,以阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、核糖、鼠李糖、糖醛酸含量较高,岩藻糖、葡萄糖含量次之,木糖、甘露糖含量较低,但其含量各组分有差异。精制多糖含量随着果实的发育进程总体呈现上升趋势;不同发育时期中宁产灵武长枣果实各精制多糖中单糖组成及含量各不相同。     

金樱子多糖单糖组成的TMS柱前衍生化/GC-MS研究

探讨金樱子多糖的含量及其单糖组成,为金樱子质量评价及临床用药提供参考依据。本文采用水提-醇沉法获得金樱子多糖,以葡萄糖为标准品,蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量;多糖酸解后经三甲基硅烷(TMS)衍生化,以标准品单糖为对照,采用气-质联用法(GC-MS)测定多糖的单糖组成。结果表明,本实验条件下,测得金樱子多糖提取得率为29.38%;金樱子多糖中单糖由阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖组成,其中葡萄糖、甘露糖、果糖和半乳糖在金樱子多糖中占比较大,分别为65.03%、7.36%、16.11%及8.87%。     

两个赤芝子实体多糖的理化特性分析及结构鉴定

赤芝子实体多糖P32A分子量为506,322,P32B分子量为287,389,两种多糖均以己糖为主构成。P32A由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为：4．3：2．6：6．3：11．4;P32B亦由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为：1．2：1．0：2．1：9．2。该结果显示,P32A与P32B具有较类似的糖组成,且都以葡萄糖和甘露糖为主要单糖组分。根据^13C NMR和甲基化的结果分析知P32A可能含有l→4连接的葡萄糖构成的主链,非还原末端均由葡萄糖构成,此外P32A中还有l,4-连接的甘露糖和l,3—连接的鼠李糖。P32B可能以l→3连接形成主链,部分l,3-连接葡萄糖的6位有分支,该多糖也含有由葡萄糖构成的非还原末端,与P32A类似,P32B中还含有l,4-连接的甘露糖,不同的是不含l,3—连接的鼠李糖。     

画眉草多糖提取及其保湿性能研究

本文以脱脂画眉草为原料,用纤维素酶超声辅助法提取多糖;经脱蛋白、脱色、DEAE-纤维素分离纯化,得到3种多糖TPS1、TPS2、TPS3,提取率分别为0.42％、0.66％、0.54％.通过高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)分析,3种多糖的分子量分别为7886 Da、8467 Da、6366 Da;高效离子色谱(HPIC)测得TPS1组成单糖为果糖,TPS2、TPS3组成单糖为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖和一种未知糖.对多糖TPS2的保湿和吸湿性研究结果表明TPS2的保湿和吸湿能力均优于常用保湿剂甘油、聚乙二醇400、1,3-丁二醇、壳聚糖.     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418