四川溲疏的化学成分研究(英文)

运用多种色谱技术从四川溲疏(Deutzia setchuenensis Franch)全草的95%乙醇提取物中首次分离到9个化合物。通过波谱方法和与已知品对照的手段将它们鉴定为:β-谷甾醇(1)、白桦酯醇(2)、hydrangetin(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、肉桂酸(5)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(6)、β-胡萝卜苷(7)、齐墩果酸-3-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-6-正丁酯)(8)和齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)。     

重楼排草的化学成分研究

从报春花科植物重楼排草（L.Paridiformis Frach）的全株中分离得到了7个化合物。应用各种理化方法及光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。分别鉴定为：希克拉敏A-3-O-｜β-D-吡喃木糖基．（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]｜}-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（1）、3β-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）]。[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-16α-羟基-13β,28-环氧-齐墩果烷（2）、异鼠李素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→）β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（3）、槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（4）、β-香树素（5）、β-香树素乙酸酯（6）、三十二烷醇（7）。其中1、2、3、4均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

牛心朴子中三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子（Cymmehumkomarovii Al．IIjinski）须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4个C21甾体配糖体：白前苷元C 3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（1）,白前苷元A 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（2）,白前苷元C3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（3）,白前苷元A3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（4）,分别命名为komarosideI（1）,komarosideJ（2）,komarosideK（3）,komarosideL（4）,除化合物1外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的：研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（1）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（2）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（3）和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-（1→3）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（4）。结论：化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

珍珠菜中黄酮及Megastigmane类化学成分研究北大核心CSCD

对珍珠菜Lysimachia clethroides的化学成分进行研究。应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和制备型HPLC等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,并运用现代波谱技术（ESI-MS,^1H-NMR,^13C NMR）进行结构鉴定。从珍珠菜中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚（1）、槲皮素（2）、cinchonain Ib（3）、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃木糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（4）、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（5）、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（6）、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（7）、芹菜素-6-C-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（9）、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（10）、blumenol A（11）、（3S,5R,6R,7E,9S）-大柱香波龙-7-烯-3,5,6,9-四醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（12）。化合物3-8和11-12为首次从该属植物中分离得到。体外活性测试结果显示化合物1-12均没有明显的细胞毒活性（IC50〉10 μM）。     

罗汉果果渣的化学成分及抗炎活性研究CSCD

研究罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii)水提果渣的化学成分及其体外抗炎活性。采用多种色谱方法对罗汉果果渣化学成分进行系统的分离纯化,得到了26个化合物,并结合MS、NMR等波谱学手段对其进行结构鉴定,分别为齐墩果酸28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷-6′-乙酯(2)、(3α)-3,29-dihydroxy-7-oxomultiflor-8-ene-3,29-diyl dibenzoate(3)、3,29-二苯甲酰基栝楼仁二醇(4)、isomultiflorenol(5)、curcasinlignan B(6)、urolignoside(7)、diospyrosin(8)、楝叶吴萸素B(9)、4′-羟基苯基乙基香草酸酯(10)、橙黄胡椒酰胺乙酸酯(11)、山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(12)、山柰苷(13)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(14)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-7-O-β-D-木糖苷(1→2)-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(15)、sagittatin A(16)、葫芦烷-5,24-二烯-3β-醇(17)、balsaminol E(18)、大豆脑苷I(19)、β-谷甾醇(20)、β-胡萝卜苷(21)、胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(22)、2 E-4-羟基-壬烯酸(23)、香兰素(24)、对羟基苯乙醇(25)、β-hydroxypropiovanillone(26)。化合物2、6~11为首次在葫芦科植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、4、14~16、18、19、22~26为首次从罗汉果属植物中分离得到。初步研究了化合物1~26的体外抗炎活性,化合物4、5、7、13、19和21能抑制TNF-α生成,化合物13和21能同时抑制IL-1β、IL-6的生成,化合物7、19、22能抑制IL-1β的生成,化合物5能抑制IL-6的生成。     

节节草化学成分的研究

应用柱层析、薄层层析及重结晶等方法,从木贼科问荆属植物节节草（Equisetum ramosissimum）的全草中分离得到17个化合物,经现代波谱技术鉴定了它们的结构,分别为：5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（1）、loliolide（2）、环阿尔屯烷～24（30）-烯-3β-醇（3）、环阿尔屯烷-22（23）-烯-3β醇（4）、麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β,5α,8α-三醇（5）、木栓醇（6）、芹菜素（7）、芫花素（8）、芫花素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（9）、芹菜素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（10）、木犀草素（11）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（12）、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（13）、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（14）、腺嘌呤核苷（15）、β-谷甾醇（16）和β-胡萝卜甙（17）。其中化合物1～5、15为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

幌伞枫叶的化学成分研究

为了解幌伞枫(Heteropanax fragrans)的药理活性化学基础,从其叶的乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为:(7S,8R)-蛇菰脂醛素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、4β,10α-香木兰烷二醇(2)、原儿茶酸(3)、3′-甲氧基-槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(7)和山柰酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(8)。这8个化合物均为首次从幌伞枫中分离得到。     

小花棘豆化学成分的研究

从有毒植物小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)的地上部分分离得到10种化合物,经光谱分析及理化常数测定,分别鉴定为槲皮素(Ⅰ)、山奈酚(Ⅱ)、3′,7-二羟基-2′,4′-二甲氧基-异黄烷(Ⅲ)、山奈-7-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖甙(Ⅳ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅴ)、山奈酚--O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅵ)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-7-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅶ)槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅷ)、杨梅树皮甙(Ⅺ)和3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B(Ⅹ)。上述成分均为首次从该植物中分得。化合物Ⅹ为新化合物。     

古蔺雪胆中的新三萜皂苷

从采自四川汉源县的古蔺雪胆(Hemsleya penxianensis var.gulinensiks)中分到9个三萜皂苷化合物,通过化学反应和光谱方法鉴定了它们的结构。其中7个为已知化合物,分别为齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-比喃葡萄糖苷(1),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基齐墩果酸苷(3),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基—(1→3)—β—D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28—O—β—D—吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),3—O—(6′—丁酯)—β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(7),3-O-(6′-丁酯)—β—D吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。两个新化合物,即雪胆皂苷A(2)和雪胆皂苷B(9)。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.