重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子Cdna在哺乳动物细胞中高效表达的研究

利用PCR反应、DNA测序、基因重组等技术,构建了两个表达人粒细胞集落刺激因子cDNA的重组质粒pED－GCSF和pEF－GCSF,两质粒分别转染COS7细胞作瞬时表达,转染CHO－dhfr－细胞作稳定表达。结果两质粒在COS7细胞和CHO细胞均获得了表达,pED－GCSF转染COS7细胞48h、72h的表达量分别为5.2×10⁴pg/ml和2.3×10⁵pg/ml,pEF－GCSF转染COS7细胞后48h、72h的表达量分别为2.8×10⁵pg/ml和1.4×10⁵pg/ml。转染CHO－dhfr－细胞,随着加入的氨甲喋呤(MTX)浓度升高,CHO－dhfr+克隆数减少,但平均每个克隆的rhG－CSF表达量升高,在0.5μmol/L MTX下最高表达rhG－CSF细胞株的量是4.46μg/ml/3d。且表达的rhG－CSF注射小鼠腹腔可提高小鼠外周血白细胞的数量。     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)组合突变体FrGGI在CHO细胞中的高效表达

为了得到t—PA组合突变体FrGGI在CHO细胞中的高效表达,将表达质粒筛选基因启动子上游的增强子(enhancer)去除．构建了FrGGI真核表达质粒pZLFrGGI。酶切线性化后．采用大剂量DNA电击介导法,转染dhfr基因缺陷型中国仓鼠卵巢细胞系(CHO-dhfr^-)。氨甲喋呤(MTX)筛选转染细胞,混合加压．挑选克隆。在1×10^-7mol／L MTX压力下。获得表达水平达1 500～2500Iu/106细胞·24h的细胞株。此细胞株表达水平稳定,形态良好．倍增时间约为36h．且有进一步提高表达水平的潜能,有望发展为工程细胞株。     

L615细胞染色体上二氢叶酸还原酶扩增基因的定位

在L615细胞株的细胞中发现有双微体(DM)。同样,这种细胞株的细胞中也有均质染色质区(HSR)的染色体。这条染色体为中度长短,HSR位于这条染色体的中部靠近顶端着丝点处。DM和HSR都是二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)基因的顺序,它们是DHFR基因的扩增。由于DHFR基因的扩增,细胞超量产生二氢叶酸还原酶,所以L615细胞对叶酸的同系物药物——氨甲喋呤(MTX)是抗性的。     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)突变体在CHO细胞中的高效表达

构建了二氢叶酸还原酶(dhfr)选择基因启动子上游无增强子(cnhancer)的组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)组合突变体FrGGI真核表达质粒pZLFrGGI。将pZLFrGGI酶切线性化,采用大剂量DNA电击介导法,转染dhfr基因缺陷型中国仓鼠卵巢细胞系(CHO-dhfr~-)。用氨甲喋呤(MTX)筛选转染细胞。混合加压后,挑选克隆,在1×10~(-7)mol/L MTX压力下,得到了表达水平达1500～2500IU/10~6细胞·24小时的细胞株。此细胞株表达水平稳定,形态良好,倍增时间为36小时,且有进一步提高表达水平的潜能,有望发展为工程细胞株。     

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞表达新技术

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO细胞）是基因工程药物生产的最佳表达系统之一,在生物制药中被广泛应用。传统的获得高表达CHO细胞株的方法费时、费力。近年来出现了一些CHO细胞高效表达新技术,它们从克服位置效应,提高基因转录效率、mRNA翻译效率及稳定性、筛选高表达细胞的效率等不同层次调控外源基因在CHO细胞中的高效表达。与MTX加压扩增基因获得高效表达外源基因的方法比较,能够节约时间、减少工作量,不易丢失高表达细胞株。     

用反式互补表达载体实现全抗体在CHO-dhfr-细胞中的高效表达

目的：通过弱化筛选基因二氢叶酸还原酶基因（dhfr）,构建双顺反子全抗体表达载体,实现全抗体在CHO细胞中的高效表达。方法：将dhfr基因分为分别编码1-105和106～187氨基酸残基的2部分,分别通过linker与亮氨酸拉链GCN4融合,分别通过内部起始位点序列与抗体轻重链基因偶联,构建成2个双顺反子表达载体pIRESLZdhfr—H和pIRESLZdhfrL。用脂质体2000转染CHO-dhfr-细胞,用无次黄嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷的IMDM筛选培养基筛选阳性克隆。结果：筛选到的阳性克隆表达水平为1．47-3．5μg／（106细胞·d）,经氨甲蝶呤（MTX）梯度加压,在MTX浓度为5×10^-8mol／L时,表达水平达到11．5μg／（10^6细胞·d）。结论：构建了基于亮氨酸拉链二聚化基础的dhfr弱化方式的双顺反子表达载体,实现了全抗体在CHO—dhfr-细胞中的高效表达。     

proUK-KGDW融合基因在CHO细胞中的高表达

利用常规分子生物学技术,构建了新型高效的proUK-KGDW融合基因的分泌型哺乳动物细胞表达载体。将该载体线性化后转染CHO/dhfr-细胞,经G418筛选获得阳性克隆,然后挑取表达水平较高的克隆进行MTX加压扩增,以提高proUK-KGDW杂合体的表达水平,经2～3轮MTX加压扩增,获得多株表达水平超过10μg/(106细胞·24h)的稳定的高表达细胞株,为proUK-KGDW杂合体的制备及功能研究奠定了基础。     

水稻原生质体产生细胞团的冰冻保存和冻后再生植株形成

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)原生质体产生的细胞团加上10-20％的二甲亚枫(DMSO)和10-20％的蔗糖,置于液氮中保存。冻后细胞生存率达到对照的40-50％。存活的细胞在附加2×10~(-5)mol/l 2,4-D 的Linsmier-Skoog(Ls)固体培养基上再生长,然后将形成的愈伤组织块转到附加10~(-6)mol/l NAA,4×10~(-6)mol/l 激动素和10~(-6)mol/l 2 IP 及8％的蔗糖的 LS培养基上分化出芽并形成植株。     

红细胞生成素cDNA在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的稳定表达

将(?)红细胞生成素(EPO)cDNA构建的重组表达质粒用电穿孔法引入COS-7细胞,ELISA和红系集落测活结果表明,该重组质粒在哺乳动物细胞中能够表达有生物活性的红细胞生成素。进一步将其转染CHO-dhfr~-细胞,经氨甲喋呤(MTX)加压扩增,混合细胞中各克隆表达水平比较一致,细胞的平均表达水平为2-3μg/10~6 Cells/24hr。细胞冻存后复苏其表达水平与冻存前一致,表明外源基因整合稳定。     

人IL35-IgG4(Fc)融合蛋白在CHO/DG44细胞中的稳定表达

本研究利用基因重组技术构建人IL35-IgG4(Fc)融合基因真核表达载体, 稳定转染CHO/DG44细胞并检测重组蛋白的表达。主要采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)从脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides, LPS)诱导的人髓性白血病细胞株KG-I cDNA文库中克隆EBI3和IL-12p35 cDNA, 重叠PCR法连接2个片段, 并克隆到IgG4(Fc)- pOptiVEC?-TOPO?载体上,对新构建的IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) pOptiVEC?-TOPO?真核表达载体并进行酶切、测序、PCR鉴定; 脂质体法转染CHO/DG44细胞; RT-PCR检测转染结果, 采用a-MEM-培养基筛选实验组细胞, 对筛选的阳性克隆细胞再进行氨甲喋呤(Methotrexate, MTX)的加压筛选, ProteinG-Agarose纯化阳性克隆培养上清, 免疫印迹检测目的蛋白表达。结果显示IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) pOptiVEC?-TOPO?表达载体稳定转染CHO/DG44细胞并获得阳性克隆; SDS-PAGE电泳得到一条与预期相对分子质量大小相符的蛋白条带; 该蛋白能与羊抗人IgG4抗体特异结合。本实验获得了能够稳定表达具有稳定结构的IL35-IgG4(Fc)融合蛋白的CHO/DG44细胞株。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.