温补肾阳法治疗肾阳虚模型大鼠多尿症状的机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨温补肾阳法治疗肾阳虚模型大鼠多尿症状的作用机制。方法：90只雄性SD大鼠随机分成干预组、抑制剂组、空白组、模型组,干预组根据中药剂量分为高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组。模型组、干预组及抑制剂组接受肾阳虚模型制备,干预组在成模后每日接受7 g/kg、14 g/kg、28 g/kg剂量中药灌胃,连续灌胃14 d。抑制剂组大鼠接受尾静脉注射通路抑制剂H-89。干预结束后比较各组脏器指数、24 h尿量、24 h尿蛋白水平以及尿液钠离子（Na⁺）、钾离子（K⁺）、氯离子（Cl^-）浓度、肾脏病理变化、血清醛固酮（ALD）、乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）、大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、大鼠皮质醇（CORT）、蛋白激酶A（PKA）、蛋白激酶A（cAMP）含量、肾脏组织水通道蛋白2（AQP-2）蛋白表达的变化。结果：温补肾阳法可明显减少肾阳虚模型大鼠尿量,改善临床症状,且具有一定的剂量依赖性（P<0.05）。经过中药干预后大鼠24 h尿蛋白、脏器指数、尿液Na⁺、Cl^-均下降,尿液K⁺、血清ALD、ADH、CRF、ACTH、CORT、PKA、cAMP含量、肾脏组织AQP-2蛋白表达上调（P<0.05）,且抑制剂H-89可阻断该作用。结论：温补肾阳法可明显改善肾阳虚模型大鼠多尿症状,其作用机制可能通过cAMP-PKA-AQP2通路介导。     

探究壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理影响机制

摘要 目的：探究壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理影响机制。方法：选取80只雄性Wistar大鼠随机将其平均分成正常对照组、病理模型组、柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组,每组各16只。四氯化碳复合因素造模,观察记录大鼠肝脏形态,采用HE染色、Masson染色观察大鼠肝组织和胶原纤维变化,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）指标数值,分析大鼠肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、羟脯氨酸（HYP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）与丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果：柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组大鼠肝细胞变性、坏死及纤维化组织增生程度均较病理模型组明显减轻。柔肝化纤颗粒低、中、高剂量组血清ALT、AST指标数值与肝组织中HYP、MDA指标水平较病理模型组呈现剂量依赖性降低（P＜0.001）,而柔肝化纤颗粒高剂量组GSH-Px、SOD的指标含量显著高于病理模型组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论：柔肝化纤颗粒可有效改善肝纤维化大鼠的肝细胞损害情况,减轻其肝组织炎症程度,对肝纤维化大鼠有一定的保肝护肝与抗肝纤维化作用,其机制可能与提高GSH-Px与SOD的水平、降低HYP与MDA的含量、降低氧化应激水平、调节脂质代谢、减少机体胶原蛋白合成等相关。     

Effects of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome rat models induced by DHEA combined HCG

AimsExplore the effects of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) combined human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).MethodsExcept the blank group, the rest of the rats were injected with DHEA 6 mg/100 g on the back of the neck and 1.5 IU HCG each day, for 21 consecutive days. On the 16th day of modeling, vaginal smear was performed to select the model rats, which were randomly divided into model group, dacin-35 group, large, middle and small dose dodder total flavonoids groups, and given the medicine for three weeks. At the end of the last administration, take samples, so as to calculate the ovaries and uterus indexes, measure serum LH/FSH ratio, P, PRL and INS levels, fixed the uterus and pancreas in 10% formalin solution and stained with HE to observe the morphological changes of the organs. And measure the expression of TNF-α and IGF-l proteins in ovaries by immunohistochemistry.ResultsCompared with the blank group, ovarian and uterine indexes, serum LH/FSH ratio, serum PRL and INS levels, ovary TNF-α and IGF-l protein expression were significantly increased, and significant pathological changes were observed in the uterine and pancreatic tissues in model group (P < 0.01). While the serum P level decreased significantly (P < 0.01), Compared with the model group, the ovarian and uterine indexes, serum LH/FSH ratio, serum P, PRL and INS levels, ovary TNF-α protein expression were significantly decreased in large, middle and small dose dodder total flavonoids groups (P < 0.01); The expression of IGF-1 protein was decreased and uterus pathological changes were improved in different extents (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), pancreas pathological changes were improved significantly (P < 0.01).ConclusionPCOS rat models was successfully replicated. Dodder total flavone can protect PCOS rats induced by DHEA combined HCG by different action pathways.     

菖远胶囊给大鼠长期大剂量用药的安全性评价

目的：研究菖远胶囊对大鼠长期大量用药后的安全性影响。方法：通过对大鼠连续灌胃菖远胶囊13周、26周和停药4周,分别与正常对照组比较血液、生化、病理学检查结果。结果：①菖远胶囊各剂量组给药后5～30 min动物自主活动有所减弱,30 min后自主活动逐渐恢复正常,各剂量组大小便颜色偏深,高剂量组比较明显,停止给药后,上述症状均恢复正常;②大鼠血液细胞学、生化学指标中有个别指标在给药初期（13周）出现明显差异,继续给药至26周,未见明显异常,停止给药后恢复正常;高剂量组动物体重有一定降低,个别脏器质量及指数增大,停药4周后均能恢复正常;病理检查结果示,菖远胶囊各剂量组主要脏器未见由药物引起的病理学改变;整个实验期间各组动物未见死亡;③大鼠长期给予菖远胶囊的安全剂量为4.0 g/kg。结论：菖远胶囊对动物的毒性较低,是值得开发的一个中药新药。     

肺虚痰阻证模型大鼠肺组织水通道蛋白1 和5 分子表达与补肺化痰方对 其影响*

目的:1)从肺泡上皮水主动转运功能的角度探讨肺虚痰阻证的发生机理。2)通过观察肺虚痰阻证模型的AQP的活性及其相关基因、蛋白的表达和补肺化痰中药复方治疗前、后的对比,观察这一过程中上述指标的变化情况。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、中药治疗组。模型组和治疗组造模40天,治疗组在造模26天后,药物灌胃治疗2周。采用组织化学染色法,对大鼠肺进行病理分析;RT-PCR的方法检测大鼠肺组织中AQP1、AQP5基因表达;western blot法检测大鼠肺组织中AQP1、AQP5蛋白水平。结果:1)与正常组相比,模型组局部出现明显炎症反应(P<0.01),治疗组局部炎症反应减轻(P<0.05)。2)mRNA结果显示,AQP1在正常组有表达,在模型组和治疗组未见表达。AQP5模型组与正常组相比,表达量显著增高(P<0.01);治疗组与模型组比较,表达量显著降低(P<0.01),但与正常组无显著差异。3)蛋白水平上,AQP1在模型组和治疗组与正常组相比差异显著(P<0.05),表达下降。AQP5模型组与正常组相比,显著升高(P<0.01);治疗组与模型组比较,显著下调(P<0.05);正常组表达低于治疗组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:1)AQP1和5基因及蛋白表达量变化是肺虚痰阻证的病理机制之一。2)补肺化痰中药复方可调节肺虚痰阻证模型大鼠肺组织AQP 5基因及蛋白表达。提示补肺化痰中药复方治疗肺虚痰阻证其作用机制与调节AQP5有关。     

Clinical and histopathological evaluation of MDP/collagen induced arthritis rat model (MCIA) after treatment with Urtica dioica, plantago major and Hypericum perforatum L herbal mixture.

This study was done to assess the effects of Urtica dioica, Plantago major and Hypericum perforatum L herbal mixture in the MCIA rat model. In addition, a new pathological and clinical arthritis lesion assessment was developed. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were immunized with bovine type II collagen and muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Commercial herbal extracts were administered daily to the rats after the immunization for the course of experiment (90 days). Rats were boosted with a second collagen-MDP emulsion 60 days after the first immunization. Paws were daily evaluated macroscopically for redness, swelling, distortion, or ankylosis of the joints. On the day of sacrifice, rat paws were assessed for histopathologic changes. Herbal mixture administration decreased the clinical lesion manifestation in the MCIA rat model and led to development of similar or slightly more severe histopathological lesions compared to rats that did not receive the treatment. The clinical arthritis signs appeared as early as 13 days after the first MDP/collagen injection and with peak incidence at 20 days post-immunization. Histopathologically, animals showed changes ranging from mild to very severe. Administration of the herbal mixture used in this study had a clinical therapeutic effect on the course of the clinical manifestations in the MCIA model, but the herbal treatment had no such effect on the histopathological lesion development and even led to slightly more severe lesions. Rats in the MCIA model developed prominent clinical and histopathological changes that were comparable to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lesions in humans.     

小鼠腹腔注射硫酸铍的病理形态学观察

目的研究腹腔注射硫酸铍（BeSO4.4H2O）对小鼠主要脏器的损害作用。方法将30只6周龄昆明（KM）雄性小鼠随机分为三组,分别予以不同剂量硫酸铍生理盐水溶液腹腔注射染毒,隔日一次,染毒两周。观察主要脏器的病理组织学变化并测定脏器系数。结果与对照组比较,染毒组心、脾、肾、睾丸脏器系数无显著差异,肝、肺脏器系数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对照组肺、肝病理学组织检查未见异常,低剂量组小鼠肺组织可见淤血、出血、支气管扩张出血,肺泡腔内有少量炎性渗出物、支气管周围炎、间质性肺炎、小叶性肺炎等;高剂量组小鼠肺组织可见支气管扩张出血,支气管腔内有大量炎性渗出物,支气管周围肺泡扩张,间质性肺炎、小叶性肺炎、融合性小叶性肺炎;低剂量组肝细胞水肿,可见点状坏死和小灶性坏死;高剂量组小鼠肝组织损伤严重,肝细胞排列紊乱,多数肝细胞呈细胞水肿,肝细胞胞质成空泡状,可见明显的点状坏死和小灶性坏死,并伴有炎细胞浸润,坏死区周围肝细胞细胞质呈嗜酸性变,轻度核固缩,并且肝细胞呈不同程度的胞质疏松,肝窦以及肝中央静脉扩张有广泛变性、坏死等病理改变。睾丸、心、脾、肾未见明显异常。结论小鼠腹腔注射本试验剂量的硫酸铍后主要引起肺组织和肝脏损伤,其它脏器未见明显异常。     

人脐带间充质干细胞重复静脉注射动物毒性试验

摘要 目的：评价多次尾静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞（hUC-MSCs）对小鼠的体内毒性作用。方法：48只健康ICR小鼠,按性别和体重随机分为4组（即对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组）。小鼠通过微静脉注射不同剂量hUC-MSCs悬浮液,间隔3天给药1次,共给药4次。记录小鼠摄食量、体重、体温,给药结束后恢复两周后牺牲动物作大体解剖,检查各个器官器质性病变;利用流式细胞仪分别检测CD3、CD4、CD8阳性细胞亚群数量;ELISA试剂盒检测血清IgM、IgG、C3、C4指标;对肺脏、脾脏、肾脏行组织病理学检查。结果：实验组与对照组相比较,注射不同剂量干细胞后一般观察、体重、体温、摄食量、IgM以及C3在给药期和恢复期均未发生显著变化。在恢复期,注射中、高剂量hUC-MSCs组血清IgG和C4水平略有降低,但未达到显著水平P<0.05;CD4阳性T细胞集群数量以及CD4/CD8系数在hUC-MSCs中、高剂量组显著上升（P<0.05）。大体剖检,除脾脏相比溶媒对照组略显增大外其它各器官均未发现肉眼可见明显异常;称重后发现hUC-MSCs高剂量组脾重量与溶媒对照组相比显著升高（P<0.05）。脾脏、肺脏、肾脏病理学检测未见明显异常。结论：健康ICR小鼠尾静脉注射临床剂量hUC-MSCs（1×10⁶ cells/kg）可能调动动物免疫反应,此外,未观察到hUC-MSCs对小鼠有明显毒副作用。     

大鼠Walker-256移植性肺癌模型的建立

目的建立大鼠Walker-256移植性肺癌模型,探讨应用Walker-256癌细胞建立大鼠移植性肺癌模型的可行性。方法 SD大鼠经尾静脉注射高、中、低三种不同细胞浓度的大鼠Walker-256细胞悬液,观察大鼠的生存时间、体重变化、移植性肺癌模型的成模率,其他脏器转移情况及病理形态学变化情况。结果注射癌细胞后14 d,模型组大鼠均出现体重下降、摄食减少等体征,与正常对照组比较体重明显降低（P〈0.05）;注射癌细胞后21d,高浓度组大鼠开始出现死亡;高、中、低三组不同细胞浓度的移植性肺癌成模率分别为100%、80%、30%,模型组大鼠肝脏系数和肺脏系数均高于正常对照组。病理结果显示,模型组大鼠肺部可见明显的癌症病灶,而其他脏器未发现明显异常。结论注射高浓度Walker256癌细胞（3×105个细胞/只）能成功复制移植性肺癌模型,为移植性肺癌模型的建立和应用提供实验依据。     

The suramin-treated rat as a model of mucopolysaccharidosis. Variation in the reversibility of biochemical and morphological changes among different organs

We have examined the reversibility of the biochemical and pathological changes induced in the spleen, kidney and lung of the suramin-treated rat which we have previously proposed as a useful model of the human condition, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Rats were injected with a single intravenous dose of suramin (250 mg/kg) and allowed to survive for periods of up to 6 months. The organs were examined for suramin content, pathological changes, biochemical storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and for the blockage of the relevant hydrolytic enzymes. The extent and rate of suramin accumulation and the retention of the drug varied considerably between organs with the greatest concentration of suramin (4,000 micrograms/g) occurring in the kidney 2 weeks after injection. Suramin persisted at gradually decreasing levels in all organs for the duration of the experiment, remaining at the highest level (1,150 micrograms/g) in the kidney. The concentration of GAGs peaked 10-18 days after administration of the drug, in all organs. Within 6 months the level had returned to normal in the liver, spleen and lung, but remained elevated in the kidney. The activities of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were decreased in all organs at diminishing levels throughout the experiment. There was a significant increase in the activity of arylsulphatase B, except in the kidney, where the predominant effect was a reduction of activity. Recovery from the morphological changes was evident in all organs except the lung within 6 months of suramin administration. The reversibility of the biochemical and pathological changes in the various tissues is discussed and compared with the earlier results described for the liver (Rees et al. 1986) and the implications of using suramin for the treatment of human trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis and AIDS are considered.     

鳖甲育肝颗粒对乙醇性肝纤维化大鼠的影响*

目的:探讨鳖甲育肝颗粒对乙醇性肝纤维化大鼠的防治作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、鳖甲育肝颗粒对照组、秋水仙碱组、鳖甲育肝颗粒低剂量组和鳖甲育肝颗粒高剂量组(n=8),采用梯度乙醇灌胃法复制肝纤维化动物模型,即除了空白对照组及鳖甲育肝颗粒对照组灌胃等量纯净水外,其余各组大鼠第1～4周灌胃5 g/(kg·d)乙醇,第5～8周灌胃7 g/(kg·d)乙醇,第9～12周灌胃9 g/(kg·d)乙醇,第13～24周灌胃9.5 g/(kg·d)乙醇,其中乙醇剂量计算采用下列公式:乙醇剂量(g) = 无水乙醇体积(ml)×预配乙醇浓度(%)×0.8(g/ml),同时每天灌胃相应的药物:鳖甲育肝颗粒对照组灌胃鳖甲育肝颗粒5.55 g/kg、秋水仙碱组灌胃秋水仙碱0.1 mg/kg、鳖甲育肝颗粒低剂量组灌胃鳖甲育肝颗粒1.85 g/kg、鳖甲育肝颗粒高剂量组灌胃鳖甲育肝颗粒5.55 g/kg,空白对照组及模型对照组灌胃等量纯净水。实验第169日观测鳖甲育肝颗粒对大鼠肝脏脏器宏观变化、肝组织含水量及其纤维化病理变化、肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、CREB表达水平的影响。结果:1.85、5.55 g/kg鳖甲育肝颗粒能明显改善乙醇性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏脏器宏观变化及肝组织纤维化病理变化,降低肝组织含水量及Hyp的含量,下调α-SMA、CREB表达水平。结论:鳖甲育肝颗粒具有明显的抑制乙醇性肝纤维化的作用,而下调CREB是其抗肝纤维化的作用机制之一。     

鹿茸多肽对缺铁性贫血大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究

摘要 目的：研究鹿茸多肽（PAP）对缺铁性贫血（IDA）大鼠的治疗作用并探讨其可能机制。方法：使用缺铁饲料诱导IDA大鼠模型,将40只IDA大鼠随机分为模型组（灌胃等体积的生理盐水）,Low-PAP组、Medium-PAP组和High-PAP组（分别灌胃30、60和120 mg/kg的PAP）,每组10只,另选取10只正常饲料喂养的同龄健康大鼠作为对照组（灌胃等体积的生理盐水）。每天灌胃1次,疗程为4周。末次给药24 h后,测量各组大鼠的体重、肝脏和脾脏指数,对肝脏和脾脏组织进行苏木素伊红（HE）染色。通过ELISA法检测血红蛋白（Hb）和促红细胞生成素（EPO）含量,通过比色法检测血清铁（SI）含量,通过透射电子显微镜观察肝脏和脾脏线粒体超微结构。使用相应试剂盒检测血清氧化应激指标水平。通过Western blot检测骨髓转铁蛋白受体（TFR）蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型组相比,Low-PAP组、Medium-PAP组和High-PAP组大鼠体重均升高,肝脏和脾脏指数均降低（P<0.05）,且大鼠的肝脏和脾脏形态和线粒体超微结构明显改善,Hb、EPO和SI水平均升高（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,Low-PAP组、Medium-PAP组和High-PAP组大鼠的血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）水平均升高,而丙二醛（MDA）降低（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,Low-PAP组、Medium-PAP组和High-PAP组大鼠的骨髓TFR蛋白相对表达量降低（P<0.05）。结论：本研究表明PAP可有效减轻IDA大鼠的临床症状,促进红细胞生成,增强造血功能,改善铁代谢,提高抗氧化能力,促进线粒体合成。     

大小承气汤制作大鼠脾虚肝癌模型的比较

目的探索大小承气汤为基础的多因素大鼠脾虚模型和脾虚肝癌模型的制作方法和成模差别。方法采用苦寒泻下、寒湿环境、劳累、隔天禁食的方法制作脾虚大鼠模型,其中苦寒泻下因素采用大承气汤和小承气汤分别干预;Walker256大鼠肝癌细胞经裸鼠皮下增殖后移植入大鼠肝脏,制作肝癌模型。大鼠随机分为正常组、空白肝癌组、大承气汤组、小承气汤组,每组15只3周龄Wistar雄性大鼠,脾虚因素干预30 d后恢复7d制作肝癌模型并观察35 d。实验过程中观察动物脾虚程度、体重变化、成瘤情况、生存时间等。结果大、小承气汤组动物在脾虚造模过程中相对于对照组(P0.01),体重增长受到明显抑制,脾虚造模前20 d大承气汤组动物体重均高于小承气汤组(P0.05),之后二者无差别(P0.05)。大、小承气汤组动物平均脾虚积分高于空白肝癌组,小承气汤组最高(P0.01)。肝癌模型总成瘤率91.1%,空白肝癌组为80%,大、小承气汤组均为93.3%。小承气汤组大鼠平均生存天数小于肝癌组和大承气汤组(P0.01和0.05)。生存分析提示脾虚积分高的肝癌模型和小承气汤组肝癌模型的生存能力明显下降(P0.05)。结论小承气汤在多因素制作脾虚模型过程中致脾虚作用比大承气汤强,脾虚明显是肝癌模型预后不良的重要因素。     

胃肠宁对利血平所致大鼠脾虚模型的影响

目的 观察胃肠宁对大鼠脾虚证模型的影响.方法 36只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、脾虚模型组、四君子汤组和胃肠宁组,每组9只.采用利血平复制大鼠脾虚模型,连续灌胃14 d后,处死大鼠,分离肝、十二指肠和血清,测定各组大鼠血浆LDH、AKP、AchE、CK和肝组织匀浆中SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、NOS含量变化,并观察各组大...     

Hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of green tea against Thioacetamide-Induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSince ancient times, herbal medicines have been applied in the treatment of cancer. Tea, derivative from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze plant is the most popular beverage globally after water and is available in various forms. Green tea has been expansively investigated for its beneficial properties of cancer prevention and therapy. The goal of the research: The current study was conducted to evaluate the hepaprotective character of methanolic green tea extract and its mechanism of action contrary to thioacetamide (TAA)-produced liver fibrosis of Sprague Dawley rats.Materials and MethodsThirty rodents were equally placed in 5 clusters including normal control, TAA group as a positive control, silymarin as standard drug control, and treatment groups consisting of high dose and a low dose Camellia sinensis. Rats in experimental clusters by mouth fed with C. sinensis at 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg daily for 2 months. After 60 days, all rats were sacrificed. Blood specimens were gathered for liver biochemical examination. Livers of all groups were dissected out and subjected to histopathological examination through the Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemistry stains (PCNA). Liver tissue homogenate was also analyzed for antioxidant activity parameters.ResultsGross morphological examination showed a regular liver architecture in C. sinensis fed collections compared to the TAA sets. Histology of rat’s liver fed with C. sinensis showed an important decrease in the liver index with hepatic cells propagation, mild cellular injury, and immunostaining showed significant down-expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). TAA produced liver fibrosis through a significant increase in serum alanine transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Total protein and albumin also decreased in the TAA group. Moreover, the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity including superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the increase in malondialdehyde was detected in the TAA control group. Meanwhile, an abnormal level of liver biochemical parameters was restored closer to the normal levels in serum of the C. sinensis-fed clusters. In addition, C. sinensis fed assemblies showed elevated antioxidative enzymes activity with a reduction in malondialdehyde level comparable to the levels in silymarin-treated rats.ConclusionsGreen tea potentially inhibited the progression of liver cirrhosis, down -regulation of PCNA proliferation, prevented oxidation of hepatocytes, recovered SOD and CAT enzymes, condensed MDA and reduced cellular inflammation.     

髓鞘碱性蛋白片段69-85诱导建立大鼠自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型

目的探索以大鼠髓鞘碱性蛋白片段69-85（MBP69-85）为单一抗原,建立Wistar大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）模型,并观察其病理改变。方法MBP69-85以生理盐水溶解,与完全福氏佐剂（CFA）充分混匀制备免疫乳剂;雌性Wistar大鼠70只,留取10只作为正常对照组,余者根据免疫乳剂组分的不同随机分为A、B、C组（n=20）。A组：MBP69-85每只50μg＋CFA（含卡介苗6 mg）;B组：MBP69-85每只25μg＋CFA（含卡介苗6 mg）;C组：MBP69-85每只25μg＋CFA（含卡介苗12 mg）。脑和脊髓组织切片进行HE染色,MBP及神经微丝（neurofilament,NF）免疫组化检测,观察神经组织的病理改变。结果A组内部分大鼠在免疫后第12-16天发病,表现为尾部及四肢无力或麻痹、斜颈等,平均临床症状评分为2.38±1.89;B、C组均未见发病;HE染色可见神经组织内炎细胞浸润,血管＂袖套＂样病灶形成;MBP及NF免疫组化染色显示病变组织内白质脱髓鞘及轴突损伤明显。结论EAE模型建立与免疫抗原的剂量有一定的依赖关系;佐剂中的卡介苗含量不是诱导大鼠发病的主要原因;本模型具有多发性硬化的典型临床表现及病理改变,是研究多发性硬化发病机制及治疗的可靠的动物模型。     

2型糖尿病大鼠模型的肾脏和动脉血管并发症

目的制备发病过程类似人类2型糖尿病的动物模型,并观察其肾脏和主动脉的病变特点。方法8周龄SD大鼠高脂、高糖饮食一个月后给予小剂量STZ腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病模型,于成模后4周及8周观察血管功能指标和肾脏功能指标,并对肾脏和血管的病理改变进行观察。结果模型组于成模后4周及8周出现高血糖、高血脂、胰岛素抵抗、肾功能改变和血管功能改变。肾脏光镜下见肾小球内皮及系膜细胞增生;肾小管水肿,管腔内有大量蛋白管型和细胞管型;肾盂区有大量淋巴细胞浸润。动脉血管电镜下见内皮细胞局部损伤严重;内皮细胞与内弹力板连接处空隙增加等。结论用高脂高糖饮食加小剂量STZ腹腔注射可成功制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型,成模后4周及8周后观察肾脏及大血管相继出现病变,是2型糖尿病血管病变研究的理想模型。     

芪地固肾方对膜性肾病大鼠肾组织足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白Nephrin和Podocin表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨芪地固肾方治疗膜性肾病（MN）大鼠的效果及其可能的机制。方法：将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为模型组（等剂量生理盐水尾静脉注射）、雷公藤多甙片组（10 mg/kg雷公藤多甙片）、芪地固肾方低剂量组（15.425 g/kg芪地固肾方）、芪地固肾方高剂量组（61.7 g/kg芪地固肾方）四组,另取10只未造模大鼠作为空白组（等剂量生理盐水尾静脉注射）,连续干预28天后,检测24小时尿蛋白定量（U-TP）、血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）的变化;HE染色、透射电镜观察大鼠肾组织病理学改变;RT-PCR检测肾组织中nephrin蛋白、podocin mRNA的表达。结果：与空白组比较,模型组24 hU-TP、足细胞nephrin和podocin mRNA显著升高,血清TP和ALB显著降低（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,各给药组24 hU-TP降低,血清TP和ALB显著升高（P<0.05）;肾组织免疫复合物沉积减少,肾小球基底膜增厚减轻;足细胞nephrin和podocin mRNA表达升高（P<0.05）。结论：芪地固肾方能够降低MN模型大鼠的尿蛋白水平,减轻肾脏病理损伤,上调肾组织中足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白nephrin和podocin mRNA的表达,延缓膜性肾病的进展。     

同一药物不同剂量足三里穴位注射对心气虚证的效应对比研究

目的 研究参芪扶正注射液足三里穴位注射对心气虚证的效应与用药剂量的关系.方法 通过负重游泳及灌服大剂量心得安法获得心气虚证大鼠模型,对各治疗组分别进行不同剂量参芪扶正注射液的足三里穴注治疗.连续治疗10 d后,观察并记录大鼠的一般状况和症状;通过ELISA法检测各组血清心钠素（ANP）及环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量;通过比色法检测各组血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;通过HE染色法检测各组心肌组织病理改变.结果 和正常对照组相比,模型对照组出现疲软无力,舌质发紫,呼吸急促等明显的心气虚症状;血清ANP浓度升高,cAMP浓度降低,SOD活性降低,均具有极其显著性意义（P〈0.001）; 心肌组织病理示：炎细胞浸润明显,心肌细胞严重水肿,排列紊乱.和模型组相比,各治疗组症状缓解,血清ANP浓度降低,cAMP浓度升高、SOD活性增强,差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01或P〈0.001）,其中参芪0.05 mL组变化最小（P〈0.05）,参芪0.20 mL组变化最大（P〈0.001）;心肌组织病理改变减轻,其中参芪0.20 mL组最接近正常.结论 参芪扶正注射液足三里穴位注射能有效治疗心气虚证,且其疗效与用药剂量在一定剂量范围（0.05～0.20）mL内成正相关.     

慢性肾衰竭大鼠模型的建立

目的 建立两种慢性肾衰竭大鼠模型,观察瘦素蛋白在大鼠组织、器官中的表达.方法 建立两种慢性肾衰竭CRF动物模型:(1)大鼠肾大部分切除诱发肾衰(Platt法).(2)腺嘌呤诱发大鼠慢性肾衰竭的动物模型(Yokozawa法).分别测定血清中血尿素氮(BUN),血肌酐(Scr)Ca2+、P5+等含量.取肾脏组织,HE染色,行免疫荧光,检测瘦素蛋白在两种慢性肾衰竭大鼠模型中的表达情况.结果 模型组大鼠血清中血尿素氮(BUN),血肌酐(Scr)等含量明显升高,免疫荧光检测显示两种模型大鼠肾脏组织瘦素蛋白的表达.结论 成功建立两种慢性肾衰竭CRF动物模型,显示不同模型组织部位的瘦素蛋白的表达.为进一步探讨瘦素蛋白在动物体内的生物学作用提供实验基础.