宋内志贺氏菌1173质粒基因组及耐药基因转移机制

【目的】研究质粒介导宋内志贺氏菌1173耐药基因bla_(CTX-M-64)转移的机制。【方法】用双纸片协同扩散法验证1173是否产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL),用PCR扩增鉴定其携带的耐药基因,接合转移实验检验其耐药质粒是否可通过接合转移给其他细菌,并对接合子是否产ESBL和携带耐药基因进行检验,利用VITEK~?2检测1173和接合子的耐药谱,提取质粒进行高通量基因组测序,并对质粒序列进行生物信息学分析,以研究其耐药基因转移机制。【结果】1173是产ESBL的多药耐药宋内志贺氏菌,携带的耐药基因有bla _(CTX-M-64)和bla _(TEM),其中的bla _(CTX-M-64)可通过接合转移作用传递给受体菌EC600,并使接合子具有相应的耐药谱。经序列测定和生物信息学分析表明,介导bla _(CTX-M-64)水平转移的是ISEcp1-bla_(CTX-M-64)-Δorf477转座单元。【结论】质粒携带的bla_(CTX-M-64)介导1173对多类抗菌药物的耐药,ISEcp1-bla_(CTX-M-64)-Δorf477转座单元介导bla_(CTX-M-64)在细菌间的转移。     

转座因子在肺炎链球菌耐药进化中的作用

要肺炎链球菌的耐药决定子由染色体上的转座因子携带,与耐药相关的转座因子和转移的主要方式有：①接合转座子：携带erm(B)、tet(M)和aphA-3等的Tn916-Tn1545家族,通过接合转移;②缺陷转座子：携带mef基因及ABC外排系统的Tn1207．1和mega插入元件,可转化到敏感菌株引起耐药;③复合转座子：由mega插入元件与Tn916整合产生的Tn2009,以转化方式转移。肺炎链球菌通过转座因子获得并传播耐药基因,在其耐药进化中起重要作用。     

细菌中介导多重耐药的Tn7转座子研究进展

转座子是介导细菌耐药性传播的重要可移动遗传元件。Tn7转座子与细菌耐药密切相关,其携带转座模块和Ⅱ类整合子系统。Tn7编码转座相关蛋白TnsABCDE进行“剪切-粘贴”机制转座,转座核心TnsABC也可与三链DNA或Cas-RNA复合物结合实现转座。近年来新发现了多种介导多重耐药的Tn7转座子,其在介导细菌抗生素、消毒剂和重金属抗性基因的获得、传播扩散等方面发挥了重要作用。本文综述了细菌中Tn7转座子的遗传结构、转座机制、流行以及新发现的介导多重耐药的Tn7转座子,以期为细菌中Tn7转座子的深入研究提供参考。     

1株多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌耐药基因和整合子、转座子遗传标记研究

目的 了解多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药基因存在状况和遗传学背景。方法 聚合酶链反应(RCR)法对多重耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌进行β-内酰胺酶基因、氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因、质粒AmpC酶基因、qacEΔ1-sull耐消毒剂和磺胺基因、整合子遗传标记(整合酶基因)、Tn21/Tn501转座子遗传标记(汞离子还原酶基因)检测。结果 TEM、SHV型β-内酰胺酶基因, DHA型质粒AmpC酶基因,aac(6′)-1型氮基糖苷类修饰酶基因,qacEΔ1-sul1耐消毒剂和磺胺基因,整合子遗传标记(intI1整合酶基因),Tn21/Tn501转座子遗传标记(merA汞离子还原酶基因)检测阳性。结论 多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌存在多种耐药基因和Ⅰ类整合子、Tn21/Tn501转座子。     

市售畜禽肉产CTX-M酶大肠杆菌的流行病学调查

【目的】调查市售畜禽肉类中大肠杆菌的耐药状况和blaCTX-M基因的流行病学特征。【方法】采集广州市不同区域零售市场和超市畜禽肉类样品进行大肠杆菌的分离,通过基因phoA扩增和测序进行大肠杆菌鉴定,采用琼脂扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法测定药物敏感性,通过PCR扩增检测blaCTX-M基因,对blaCTX-M阳性大肠杆菌进行全基因组测序。【结果】从323份市售畜禽肉样品中分离获得大肠杆菌241株;药物敏感性结果表明大肠杆菌对氨苄西林(63.07%)、多西环素(47.72%)和复方新诺明(43.15%)耐药率较高;blaCTX-M基因检出率为3.32%(n=8),其中4株携带blaCTX-M-14,3株携带blaCTX-M-65,1株携带blaCTX-M-55;8株产CTX-M大肠杆菌可分为4种不同的ST型,且携带多种耐药基因和毒力基因。【结论】市售畜禽肉中大肠杆菌污染严重。产CTX-M酶大肠杆菌均为多重耐药菌株,且blaCTX-M基因主要以水平传播方式在大肠杆菌中传播,需要加强监测。     

肺炎克雷伯菌质粒p1512-KPC的测序及比较基因组学分析

【目的】对多重耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌1512中的质粒p1512-KPC进行测序及比较基因组学的分析。【方法】利用16S rRNA基因测序进行菌种鉴定,根据7对管家基因(gapA、infB、mdh、pgi、phoE、rpoB和tonB)对菌株进行多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence typing,MLST)。利用PCR进行耐药基因的筛查,通过接合转移实验及电转化实验将质粒转入受体菌大肠杆菌EC600。采用改良Carba NP法检测细菌碳青霉烯酶的活性以及类型,使用VITEK2Compact全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析仪检测菌株最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)。最后通过高通量测序技术结合生物信息分析手段明确菌株1512及质粒p1512-KPC的耐药基因谱,并通过比较基因组方法对质粒p1512-KPC的基本结构、耐药基因遗传环境及移动元件等结构基因组学特征进行分析。【结果】菌株1512为产A类碳青霉烯酶的多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌,MLST分型结果显示该菌为ST11型。经PCR筛查,菌株1512包含bla_(KPC-2)、dfrA1和sul1耐药基因,其中bla_(KPC-2)基因位于不可结合转移但电转成功的质粒p1512-KPC上。测序结果显示,质粒p1512-KPC长度为117.69 kb,同时包含IncFII型复制子和属于Rep_3家族但类型未知的复制子repB,并携带耐药基因bla_(KPC-2)、bla_(CTX-M-65)、bla_(TEM-1)及rmtB。其中bla_(KPC-2)、bla_(CTX-M-65)及bla_(TEM-1)分别存在于截短的Tn6296、Tn6367及截短的Tn2的基因环境中。【结论】携带bla_(KPC-2)、bla_(CTX-M-65)、bla_(TEM-1)及rmtB基因的质粒p1512-KPC介导了肺炎克雷伯菌1512对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、碳青霉烯类、单环β-内酰胺类及氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药,并能引起相应耐药基因的水平传播。此外,本研究还对IncFII型复制子和Rep_3家族复制子repB共存的质粒进行了比较基因组分析,为该类型质粒的多样性和进化提供了更深入的理解。     

转座子Tn233(CH)中转座基因的鉴定和定位

Tn233(CH)是从国内临床分离的耐药痢疾杆菌中找到的一个转座子,已经绘制了它的物理图,它与转座子Tn21基本相同。用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ对带有转座子Tn233(CH)的质粒pBR322::Tn233(CH)进行不完全消化,如此产生的DNA片段经T4 DNA连接酶连接后转化到E.coli C600细胞中,获得了一些保留有转座功能或失去了转座功能的转座子缺失变种。互补试验的结果表明,保留有转座功能的Tn233(CH)缺失变种在反式位置上对失去了转座功能的Tn233(CH)缺失变种有互补作用。对这些缺失变种在DNA上缺失的区域进行限制图分析,确定了转座子Tn233(CH)中转座基因的位置。     

两株分离自鸡粪便费格森埃希菌的耐药性

【背景】费格森埃希菌(Escherichia fergusonii)是与大肠杆菌同属、近源的病原菌,目前耐药性鲜有报道。【目的】对在浙江省鸡粪便中分离到的2株费格森埃希菌EFCF053和EFCF056进行耐药性检测和分析。【方法】通过微量肉汤稀释法进行MIC测定,二代高通量测序获得全基因组序列,并通过ResFinder数据库预测获得性耐药基因。利用S1-PFGE和Southernblotting杂交进行质粒和耐药基因的确认。【结果】两种菌均对氨苄西林、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、四环素耐药,其中菌株EFCF056还对粘菌素、头孢噻呋、大观霉素、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星耐药。预测到耐药基因β-内酰胺类blaTEM-1A、blaCTX-M-65、blaOXA-1、blaTEM-1B、blaCTX-M-55;氨基糖苷类aac(3)-IId、aph(3')-Ia、aph(3')-Ib、aph(6)-Id、rmtB、aac(6')-Ib-cr、aadA2;粘菌素mcr-1;喹诺酮类qnrS2、aac(6')-Ib-cr、oqxA、oqxB;磷霉素fosA3;大环内酯类mph(A);苯丙醇类catA1、floR、catB3;利福霉素ARR-3;磺胺类sul1、sul2、sul3、dfrA12、dfrA14;四环素类tet(A)。另外,含有mcr-1基因的质粒通过实验证实可发生接合转移。【结论】结果显示费格森埃希菌可能是重要耐药基因存储库,费格森埃希菌与大肠埃希菌要在抗药性流行病学中加以区分,深入研究其MIC频率分布、重要耐药基因mcr-1及ESBL等,保障临床检测的准确性。     

污水厂产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠杆菌通过接合水平传递耐药性

【目的】研究废水中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌中可移动质粒在耐药基因水平传播机制中的作用。【方法】对污水厂分离所得的50株产ESBLs大肠杆菌进行接合试验,并对所得的接合子采用纸片扩散法测定其对15种常见药物的耐药表型,针对质粒介导的产ESBLs菌株的耐药基因设计7对特异性引物对接合子进行PCR扩增。【结果】研究结果显示,80份水样分离得50株产ESBLs大肠杆菌,共接合成功35株细菌,接合成功率高达70%。接合子与供体菌相比,均发生耐药谱型的改变,且存在丢失一种或几种药物耐药性且产生另一种或几种药物耐药性的现象。PCR扩增结果显示,接合子与供体菌相比,耐药基因型有所减少或不变,bla_(TEM)、bla_(CTX-M)基因全部接合成功,bla_(SHV)基因仅1株未接合成功,耐氟喹诺酮类基因未发生转移。【结论】本研究表明,不同的耐药基因可能位于不同的可移动质粒上,可移动质粒在大肠杆菌耐药性水平传播的过程中起到了十分重要的作用。     

通辽地区犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌耐药性检测及一株多重耐药菌全基因组测序分析

【背景】大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)是引起犊牛腹泻的最主要病原菌,其耐药性菌株的不断出现引起广泛关注。【目的】了解内蒙古自治区通辽市犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌耐药性及耐药基因流行情况。【方法】从通辽市多个旗县采集犊牛腹泻样品40份,经细菌分离纯化及16S rRNA基因测序,最终鉴定出20株大肠杆菌。采用药敏试验和PCR方法对分离菌进行耐药性及耐药基因检测分析,并对其中1株多重耐药菌株进行全基因组测序。【结果】20株分离菌均具有多重耐药性,对链霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星和复方新诺明的耐药率达80%以上。所检耐药基因中,aphA1、strB、TEM-1和qnrS检出率达100%。通过对代表性菌株TL-13全基因组测序发现,其基因组大小为4897185bp,GC含量为50.68%,同时携带2个质粒,大小分别为108288bp(pTL13-1)和64018bp(pTL13-2)。质粒中共携带18个可移动耐药基因。【结论】通辽地区犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌多重耐药性普遍存在,4种常见耐药基因普遍流行。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.