产NDM-5大肠埃希菌的鉴定及特征分析

对分离自血液标本的1株碳青霉烯类耐药大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)SCNJ06进行特征分析,以期为临床耐药菌株感染的防治提供理论参考。采用全基因组测序以及生物信息学分析,该菌株属于序列型167(ST167),含有11种耐药基因,分别是rmtB、aph(3″)-Ib、aph(6)-Id、bla_(NDM-5)、bla_(TEM-1B)、bla_(CTX-M-55)、fosA3、floR、sul2、tet(A)和mdf(A)。其中,bla_(NDM-5)位于IncX3型质粒pNDM5_SCNJ06上,mdf(A)位于染色体上,其余耐药基因位于IncFII型质粒prmtB_SCNJ06上。接合试验显示,pNDM5_SCNJ06和prmtB_SCNJ06均能够发生接合转移。应加强抗菌药物临床应用管理和医院感染防控措施,重视细菌耐药监测工作。     

宋内志贺氏菌1173质粒基因组及耐药基因转移机制

【目的】研究质粒介导宋内志贺氏菌1173耐药基因bla_(CTX-M-64)转移的机制。【方法】用双纸片协同扩散法验证1173是否产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL),用PCR扩增鉴定其携带的耐药基因,接合转移实验检验其耐药质粒是否可通过接合转移给其他细菌,并对接合子是否产ESBL和携带耐药基因进行检验,利用VITEK~?2检测1173和接合子的耐药谱,提取质粒进行高通量基因组测序,并对质粒序列进行生物信息学分析,以研究其耐药基因转移机制。【结果】1173是产ESBL的多药耐药宋内志贺氏菌,携带的耐药基因有bla _(CTX-M-64)和bla _(TEM),其中的bla _(CTX-M-64)可通过接合转移作用传递给受体菌EC600,并使接合子具有相应的耐药谱。经序列测定和生物信息学分析表明,介导bla _(CTX-M-64)水平转移的是ISEcp1-bla_(CTX-M-64)-Δorf477转座单元。【结论】质粒携带的bla_(CTX-M-64)介导1173对多类抗菌药物的耐药,ISEcp1-bla_(CTX-M-64)-Δorf477转座单元介导bla_(CTX-M-64)在细菌间的转移。     

基于双重芯片式数字PCR快速鉴定KPC型碳青霉烯耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的方法

【背景】由于碳青霉烯类药物的泛用和滥用,致使肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯耐药株与日俱增,产碳青霉烯酶是肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类药物耐药的主要原因。目前对肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯耐药株的检测方法存在费时费力、特异性差、灵敏度低等问题。【目的】建立一种能同时检测肺炎克雷伯菌和碳青霉烯酶基因bla_KPC的双重芯片式数字PCR方法。【方法】依据肺炎克雷伯菌的特有基因yhaI和碳青霉烯耐药基因bla_KPC保守序列设计特异性引物和探针,确定双重芯片式数字PCR同时对yhaI和bla_KPC两个基因核酸浓度绝对定量的检测范围、检出限和最佳实验体系,并进行方法特异性、灵敏度、重复性分析及临床菌株的检测。【结果】双重芯片式数字PCR检测灵敏度比双重实时荧光定量PCR提高了约1.5个数量级,在两基因同时检出的情况下,最低检出限分别为3.74 copies/μL (yhaI基因)和1.93 copies/μL (bla_KPC基因);优化后的双重芯片式数字PCR对参考菌株检测特异性的结果与双重实时荧光定量PCR结果一致;利用优化后的双重芯片式数字PCR方法共检测58株临床菌株,其中肺炎克雷伯菌43株,属肺炎克雷伯菌且含有bla_KPC基因的菌株13株,这与质谱及耐药谱检测结果一致。【结论】利用双重芯片式数字PCR技术建立了产KPC型碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌的绝对定量检测方法。该方法特异性强、灵敏度高、准确度好,可用于检测具有碳青霉烯酶基因bla_KPC的肺炎克雷伯菌的核酸检测和定量分析,也为产其他类型碳青霉烯酶的病原菌检测提供了新的技术参考。     

耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药机制研究

目的了解碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌及耐药机制。方法对2012-2013年临床分离的耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌共计12株进行分析,药敏采用MIC方法检测,用WHONET 5.6软件进行分析,KPC表型检测采用改良Hodge试验,基因检测采用PCR方法。结果 12株碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌改良Hodge试验阴性,基因测序为KPC-2型。结论 KPC-2基因是引起本院肺炎克雷伯菌耐药的主要原因。     

IncFII-FIA-FIB型多重耐药质粒pBTR-CTXM的结构基因组学分析

【背景】IncFII-FIA-FIB型质粒广泛存在于肠杆菌科细菌中,介导了许多耐药基因的水平转移,并导致细菌多重耐药问题日益严重。【目的】分析IncFII-FIA-FIB型多重耐药质粒pBTR-CTXM的基因组结构,并研究其介导大肠杆菌BTR株的耐药基因水平转移机制。【方法】利用PCR进行耐药基因筛查;接合转移和电转化实验验证质粒pBTR-CTXM是否具备自主接合转移的特性;VITEK 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析仪测定相关菌株对抗生素的药物敏感性;构建MatePair文库并进行细菌全基因组高通量测序和质粒结构基因组学分析。【结果】菌株BTR是携带blaNDM-1、blaCTX-M-15、blaTEM、qnrD、qnrS1、mph(A)、erm(B)和tetA(B)等耐药基因的多重耐药大肠杆菌,其中blaCTX-M-15、mph(A)、erm(B)和tet A(B)等耐药基因均位于大小为144 939 bp的质粒p BTR-CTXM (GenBank登录号MF156697)上,该质粒可与菌株BTR内质粒pNDM-BTR接合共转移到受体菌大肠杆菌EC600中。pBTR-CTXM具备IncFII-FIA-FIB型质粒典型的骨架区结构,其多重耐药(Multidrug-resistant,MDR)区由新的复合型转座子Tn6492、Tn2残余、Tn10残余、ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15-Δorf477转座单元和一些插入序列组成。【结论】pBTR-CTXM中新复合型转座子Tn6492与Tn10残余和ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15-Δorf477转座单元共同介导大肠杆菌BTR株的多重耐药与耐药基因的水平传播。     

肠杆菌科细菌碳青霉烯酶基因的检测

目的了解余姚地区耐碳青霉烯类药物肠杆菌科细菌的耐药情况和碳青霉烯酶耐药基因类型。方法收集2014年3月至12月耐亚胺培南和厄他培南的肠杆菌科细菌18株,进行Hodge试验确认。对于阳性试验菌株采用PCR法检测bla_(KPC)、bla_(NDM-1)、bla_(MH)、bla_(GES)、bla_(SME)、bla_(NmcA)和bla_(SHV-38)七种基因。结果 18株耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌经改良Hodge试验确认阳性11株,占61.1%。经PCR检测显示11株均携带有bla_(KPC)基因,其中肺炎克雷伯菌6株,大肠埃希菌3株,阴沟肠杆菌2株。结论余姚地区耐碳青霉烯类药物肠杆菌科细菌的耐药机制主要是bla_(KPC)型碳青霉烯酶。     

两株blaNDM-5基因介导的碳青霉烯耐药禽源大肠杆菌ST10和ST354耐药性

【背景】近年来,对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药的肠杆科细菌的出现对公众的健康构成了严重的威胁。【目的】为了解家禽养殖中肠道菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药情况,对陕西西安和浙江海宁两地的鸡和鸭养殖场粪便进行耐药菌筛选并分析。【方法】在含美罗培南的LB琼脂平板上筛选可疑菌落并利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)鉴定。通过微量肉汤稀释法进行最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)测定。通过Illumina HiSeq平台进行全基因组测序。使用Res Finder数据库预测获得性耐药基因。利用S1酶切后脉冲场电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)和Southern blot杂交进行质粒和碳青霉烯类耐药基因的确认。【结果】分离出两株碳青霉烯类耐药的大肠杆菌HN1-26和XN3-1,均对头孢他啶、头孢噻呋、氨苄西林、奥格门丁、复方新诺明、磺胺异恶唑、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、美罗培南、四环素耐药。此外,XN3-1对氟苯尼考和大观霉素耐药。菌株HN1-26和XN3-1的多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)分别为ST354和ST10。两株菌对美罗培南的MIC值均为64μg/m L,但是在含美罗培南的LB平板上,菌株HN1-26比菌株XN3-1生长得更快。两株菌都存在携带bla_(NDM-5)基因的Inc X3型质粒。两个质粒的序列完全一致,大小为46 161 bp,包含接合转移元件,能够以大肠杆菌作为受体细胞进行转移。【结论】Inc X3型质粒是转移bla_(NDM-5)基因的重要载体,在我国畜禽养殖中具有扩散风险。     

2017–2019年中国南方五省规模化养猪场副猪格拉菌血清型、耐药性及β-内酰胺类耐药基因bla-TEM分子特征分析

【目的】旨在分析当前规模化养殖场副猪格拉菌(Glaesserella parasuis)优势血清型、耐药特性、耐药基因与分子特征。【方法】对源自规模化养猪场21株副猪格拉菌临床分离株,采用PCR鉴定血清型;利用K-B纸片扩散法鉴定其对25种抗生素的耐药表型;采用PCR检测bla-_TEM、bla-_NDM和bla-_CTX等7种耐药基因,并采用Chi-square test和Fisher exact test分析耐药表型和耐药基因型的相关性;耐药基因目的条带测序,并应用CLC Sequence Viewer软件分析β-内酰胺类耐药基因(bla-_TEM)编码蛋白氨基酸关键位点差异与耐药性的关系。【结果】21株副猪格拉菌临床分离株的优势血清型为4和12型;对β-内酰胺类药物苯唑西林的耐药性较强,耐药菌占比达61.9%(13/21);多重耐药菌株占比高达90.5%(19/21);β-内酰胺类耐药基因bla-_TEM携带率较高(52.4%,11/21),且bla-_TEM与β-内酰胺类药物青霉素G、苯唑西林和头孢拉定的耐药性显著相关,部分bla-_TEM编码氨基酸存在可能与副猪格拉菌耐药能力有关的差异位点。【结论】本研究表明,规模化养猪场的副猪格拉菌多重耐药情况仍很严重,并明确了被调查区域β-内酰胺类药物耐药率高的主要原因是携带耐药基因bla-_TEM,为加强对规模化养猪场副猪格拉菌耐药性监测提供理论依据。     

碳青霉烯酶在碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯杆菌的分布及分子流行病学

目的了解碳青霉烯酶在碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药肺炎克雷伯杆菌的分布及其分子流行病学。方法收集我院2010年1月至2012年12月分离的碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯杆菌120株,采用改良Hodge试验及EDTA协同试验进行碳青霉烯酶表型的确认,用PCR方法扩增碳青霉烯酶基因(KPC、IMP、NDM、VIM、OXA-48),经电泳检测扩增产物后纯化测序。通过MLST及ERIC-PCR进行分子流行病学分析。结果120株碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯杆菌中,95株CRKP菌株改良Hodge试验阳性,64株菌株EDTA协同试验阳性。经PCR及测序确认,83株主要携带KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶,占69.2%;其次为IMP-4型金属酶,占28.3%(34/120),NDM-1型金属酶15株,占12.5%,未发现VIM和OXA-48碳青霉烯酶。ERICPCR及MLST分型显示出20个基因分型,其中ST395-A型和ST11-B型主要流行于产KPC-2型菌株中,占43.88%;ST263-B型和ST15-C型主要流行于产NDM-1菌株中,占13.27%;而ST11-B型主要分布于产IMP-4和KPC-2菌株中,占24.49%。结论我院碳青霉烯酶耐药肺炎克雷伯杆菌存在多种碳青霉烯酶,主要以KPC-2为主,产不同种类碳青霉烯酶菌株存在不同的流行基因型。     

深圳地区耐亚胺培南临床菌株耐药机制及可移动基因元件分析

目的了解深圳地区耐亚胺培南临床菌株的分布及携带碳青霉烯酶基因的情况,并检测其携带的可移动基因元件。方法 2014—2016年中山大学附属第八医院(深圳)送检标本中分离耐亚胺培南菌株96株,参照美国CLSI的M100S25标准进行药敏分析;采用Carba NP-d试验检测碳青霉烯酶表型;PCR检测碳青霉烯酶基因及可移动基因元件I类整合子、插入序列共同区(Insertion sequence common region,ISCR),对肠杆菌科加测质粒复制子类型。结果 96株耐亚胺培南临床菌株对多种临床常用抗菌药物均耐药;其中52株碳青霉烯酶表型阳性;68株携带碳青霉烯酶基因,其中61株携带D类碳青霉烯酶基因,3株携带bla_(VIM),2株携带blaKPC,1株携带bla_(IMP),1株携带bla_(NDM-1);I类整合子检出率为69.8%,其可变区携带有耐药相关基因盒aad A1、aac A4、dfr A12、aad A5、dfr A17和未知功能的orf F,未发现碳青霉烯是耐药基因;ISCR1检出率为16.7%;肠杆菌科菌株64.3%携带质粒,以Inc F型为主。结论深圳地区耐亚胺培南临床菌株具有多重耐药表型,绝大多数产碳青霉烯酶,碳青霉烯酶基因多存在于细菌染色体上,这类菌株同时携带多种可移动的基因元件及耐药基因,因此,其耐药性具有稳定遗传和水平播散的能力,应密切关注。     

Characterization of imipenem-resistant Serratia marcescens producing IMP-type and TEM-type beta-lactamases encoded on a single plasmid

To evaluate the roles of blaIMP and blaTEM genes in the resistance of Serratia marcescens against beta-lactams and to find the spreading ways of these genes, 19 clinical isolates of imipenem-resistant Serratia marcescens were analyzed. Six strains bore blaIMP and blaTEM genes on a single plasmid, as confirmed by transferring resistance determinants via conjugation and transformation, and by detecting bla genes with PCR analysis. The six strains showed two different genomic patterns on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All the transconjugants and transformants gained high-level resistance to ampicillin, cephalexin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime, and showed a reduced susceptibility to imipenem, but maintained full susceptibility to aztreonam. In addition, the expressions of blaIMP and blaTEM genes were constitutive, either in Serratia marcescens clinical isolates or in their transconjugants and transformants. These findings may explain the rapid spread of the above resistance determinants among Enterobacteriaceae via transmissible plasmids in the clinical setting.     

Low levels of quantitative and molecular genetic differentiation among natural populations of Medicago ciliaris Kroch. (Fabaceae) of different Tunisian eco-geographical origin

In this paper, we analyze the genetic variability in four Tunisian natural populations of Medicago ciliaris using 19 quantitative traits and six polymorphic microsatellite loci. We investigated the amplification transferability of 30 microsatellites developed in the model legume M. truncatula to M. ciliaris. Results revealed that about 56.66% of analyzed markers are valuable genetic markers for M. ciliaris. The most genetic diversity at quantitative traits and microsatellite loci was found to occur within populations (>80%). Low differentiations among populations at quantitative traits Q _ST  = 0.146 and molecular markers F _ST  = 0.18 were found. The majority of measured traits exhibited no significant difference in the level of Q _ST and F _ST . Furthermore, significant correlations established between these traits and eco-geographical factors suggested that natural selection should be invoked to explain the level of phenotypic divergence among populations rather than drift. There was no significant correlation between population differentiation at quantitative traits and molecular markers. Significant spatial genetic structure consistent with models of isolation by distance was detected within all studied populations. The site-of-origin environmental factors explain about 9.07% of total phenotypic genetic variation among populations. The eco-geographical factors that influence more the variation of measured traits among populations are the soil texture and altitude. Nevertheless, there were no consistent pattern of associations between gene diversity (He) and environmental factors.     

On the integration of subthreshold inputs from Perforant Path and Schaffer Collaterals in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons

Using a realistic model of a CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neuron, we make experimentally testable predictions on the roles of the non-specific cation current, I _h , and the A-type Potassium current, I _A , in modulating the temporal window for the integration of the two main excitatory afferent pathways of a CA1 neuron, the Schaffer Collaterals and the Perforant Path. The model shows that the experimentally observed increase in the dendritic density of I _h and I _A could have a major role in constraining the temporal integration window for these inputs, in such a way that a somatic action potential (AP) is elicited only when they are activated with a relative latency consistent with the anatomical arrangement of the hippocampal circuitry.     

Genomics of the<Emphasis Type="Italic"> ccoNOQP</Emphasis>-encoded<Emphasis Type="Italic"> cbb</Emphasis><Subscript>3</Subscript> oxidase complex in bacteria

Many bacteria adapt to microoxic conditions by synthesizing a particular cytochrome c oxidase (cbb ₃) complex with a high affinity for O₂, encoded by the ccoNOQP operon. A survey of genome databases indicates that ccoNOQP sequences are widespread in all sub-branches of Proteobacteria but otherwise are found only in bacteria of the CFB group (Cytophaga, Flexibacter, Bacteroides). Our analysis of available genome sequences suggests four major strategies of regulating ccoNOQP expression in response to O₂. The most widespread strategy involves direct regulation by the O₂-responsive protein Fnr. The second strategy involves an O₂-insensitive paralogue of Fnr, FixK, whose expression is regulated by the O₂-responding FixLJ two-component system. A third strategy of mixed regulation operates in bacteria carrying both fnr and fixLJ-fixK genes. Another, not yet identified, strategy is likely to operate in the -Proteobacteria Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni which lack fnr and fixLJ-fixK genes. The FixLJ strategy appears specific for the -subclass of Proteobacteria but is not restricted to rhizobia in which it was originally discovered.     

Purification of cytochrome a 1 c 1 from Nitrobacter agilis and characterization of nitrite oxidation system of the bacterium

Cytochrome a ₁ c ₁ was highly purified from Nitrobacter agilis. The cytochrome contained heme a and heme c of equimolar amount, and its reduced form showed absorption peaks at 587, 550, 521, 434 and 416 nm. Molecular weight per heme a of the cytochrome was estimated to be approx. 100,000–130,000 from the amino acid composition. A similar value was obtained by determining the protein content per heme a. The cytochrome molecule was composed of three subunits with molecular weights of 55,000, 29,000 and 19,000, respectively. The 29 kd subunit had heme c.Hemes a and c of cytochrome a ₁ c ₁ were reduced on addition of nitrite, and the reduced cytochrome was hardly autoxidizable. Exogenously added horse heart cytochrome c was reduced by nitrite in the presence of cytochrome a ₁ c ₁; K _m values of cytochrome a ₁ c ₁ for nitrite and N. agilis cytochrome c were 0.5 mM and and 6 M, respectively. V _max was 1.7 mol ferricytochrome c reduced/min·mol of cytochrome a ₁ c ₁ The pH optimum of the reaction was about 8. The nitrite-cytochrome c reduction catalyzed by cytochrome a ₁ c ₁ was 61% and 88% inhibited by 44M azide and cyanide, respectively. In the presence of 4.4 mM nitrate, the reaction was 89% inhibited. The nitrite-cytochrome c reduction catalysed by cytochrome a ₁ c ₁ was 2.5-fold stimulated by 4.5 mM manganous chloride. An activating factor which was present in the crude enzyme preparation stimulated the reaction by 2.8-fold, and presence of both the factor and manganous ion activated the reaction by 7-fold.Cytochrome a ₁ c ₁ showed also cytochrome c-nitrate reductase activity. The pH optimum of the reaction was about 6. The nitrate reductase activity was also stimulated by manganous ions and the activating factor.     

Genes determining leucine aminopeptidase and mildew resistance from the ornamental apple, ‘White Angel’

Mildew resistance in the ornamental apple White Angel was found to be determined by complementary genes. The gene R _w was found to be necessary for the expression of resistance controlled by the resistance gene Pl _w . The close linkage between the isoenzyme gene, Lap-2, for leucine aminopeptidase and P1 _w was confirmed. The efficiency of Lap-2 as a marker in screening for mildew resistance is limited, as it cannot account for susceptible plants with the r _w r _w P1 _w p1 _w genotype. It has, however, an important role to play in combining resistance genes from different sources. The genotypes of White Angel (R _w r _w , Pl _w pl _w , Lap-2an), Jester (R _w r _w , p1 _w p _w , Lap-2an) Katja (R _w r _w ,p1 _w p1 _w , Lap-2an) and Gloster 69 (r _w r _w , p1 _w p1 _w , Lap-2an) were determined. It also appeared that R _w might influence Lap-2 activity in young seedlings.     

Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in boreal peatland microcosms with different vegetation cover—effects of ozone or ultraviolet-B exposure

O₃ concentrations in the troposphere are rising and those in the stratosphere decreasing, the latter resulting in higher fluxes of solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to the earth's surface. We assessed whether the fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ are altered by enhanced UV-B radiation or elevated tropospheric O₃ concentrations in boreal peatland microcosms (core depth 40 cm, diameter 10.5 cm) with different vegetation cover. At the end of the UV-B experiment which lasted for a growing season, net CO₂ exchange (NEE) and dark ecosystem respiration (R _TOT) were sevenfold higher, and CH₄ efflux 12-fold higher, in microcosms with intact vegetation dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum L. and Sphagnum spp., compared to microcosms from which we removed E. vaginatum. Vegetation treatment had minor effects on CH₄ production and consumption potentials in the peat, suggesting that the large difference in CH₄ efflux is mainly due to efficient CH₄ transport via the aerenchyma of E. vaginatum. Ambient UV-B supplemented with 30% and elevated O₃ concentrations (100 and 200 ppb, for 7 weeks) significantly increased R _TOT in both vegetation treatments. Elevated O₃ concentrations reduced NEE over time, while UV-B had no clear effects on the fluxes of CO₂ or CH₄ in the cloudy summer of the study. Field experiments are needed to assess the significance of increasing UV-B radiation and elevated tropospheric O₃ concentration on peatland gas exchange in the long-term.     

A novel phospholipase A2/esterase from hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1

An open reading frame of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 APE2325, which composed of 474 bases, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) Codon Plus-RIL. The recombinant protein was purified by Ni-chelation affinity chromatography. It showed a single band with a molecular mass of 18kDa in SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme exhibited both phospholipase A(2) and esterase activities with the optimal catalytic temperature at 90 degrees C. The enzyme activity was Ca(2+)-independent. Kinetic analysis revealed its Km, k cat, and Vm for the p-nitrophenyl propionate substrate were 103microM, 39s(-1), and 249micromol/min/mg, respectively. The recombinant protein was thermostable and its half-life at 100 degrees C was about 1h.     

N-andO-glycosylation of glycoprotein C synthesized by Herpes simplex virus type 1-infected ricin resistant cells

The progeny of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) grown in ricin-resistant 14 cells (Ric^R14) lackingN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I was released in the extracellular medium at a very low rate. By using a monoclonal antibody immobilized on Sepharose we purified from HSV-1-infected Ric^R14 cells a viral glycoprotein (gC), which carries bothN-andO-linked oligosaccharides. Glycopeptides obtained from [³H]mannoselabeled gC by Pronase digestion were entirely susceptible to endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and the major oligosaccharide released was Man₄GlcNAc. The accumulation of this high-mannose species was related to the enzymic defect of the host cells and to the long retention of the viral glycoprotein within the cells. The extent ofO-glycosylation evaluated in [¹⁴C]glucosamine-labeled gC from Ric^R14 cells as compared to that of gC from wild type cells did not appear to be significantly modified.Abbreviations Con A concanavalin A - BHK cells baby hamster kidney cells - HSV Herpes simplex virus