昂立一号(R)优菌多颗粒人群试食研究

昂立一号(R)优菌多颗粒是"昂立一号"家庭新成员,其人群试食研究结果表明,昂立一号(R)优菌多颗粒在短时间(4 d)内就能显著改善食欲、胃肠道及代谢排便功能,随着服用时间的延长,改善作用越强;20 d服用后可极显著地提高人体肠道菌群中的益生菌(双歧杆菌和乳杆菌)数量,却极显著地抑制肠道有害菌产气荚膜梭菌数量,可调节人体肠道菌群平衡,腹泻便秘双重调节,促进肠道健康.     

昂立一号优菌多颗粒人群试食研究

昂立一号优菌多颗粒是“昂立一号”家庭新成员,其人群试食研究结果表明,昂立一号优菌多颗粒在短时间（4d）内就能显著改善食欲、胃肠道及代谢排便功能,随着服用时间的延长,改善作用越强;20d服用后可极显著地提高人体肠道菌群中的益生菌（双歧杆菌和乳杆菌）数量,却极显著地抑制肠道有害菌产气荚膜梭菌数量,可调节人体肠道菌群平衡,腹泻便秘双重调节,促进肠道健康。     

昂立1号~益生菌颗粒调节肠道菌群作用的研究

目的研究昂立1号益生菌颗粒调节肠道菌群作用。方法依照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范-2003版》之"调节肠道菌群作用检验方法"。结果该益生菌颗粒产品在30 d动物实验和14 d人体试验中,双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量均有显著增加。结论该益生菌产品具有调节肠道菌群的保健作用。     

酪酸梭菌--婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的　观察酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法　检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果　肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化 ,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,结论　酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

酷酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的 观察酷酸梭菌－－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法 检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果 肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,差异有非常显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）,结论 酪酸梭菌－－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

乳酸菌固体制剂计数方法研究

从培养基、稀释剂的角度对乳酸菌固体制剂样品进行计数方法比较。昂立1号○R优菌多颗粒样品中嗜酸乳杆菌在改良MC培养基上培养(72±3)h后菌落形态非常小,很难进行计数,在改良MC培养基中添加0.1%吐温80将会刺激嗜酸乳杆菌的生长,利于计数;采用MRS液体溶解复水10~15 m in、0.1%蛋白胨盐水稀释的计数结果明显高于直接采用生理盐水复水、稀释方法,两者差异有非常显著性。     

益生元在慢性病预防中的作用

慢性病的井喷趋势已经引起国家的干预和重视。慢性病可防可治,临床上肠道菌群失调患者常有双歧杆菌数量减少及伴有其他肠道菌群减少或增多。增殖患者体内益生菌数量可以改善患者肠道微生态状态。益生元具有增殖肠道有益菌、抑制有害菌的生理功能,通过选择服用益生元类产品调节肠道菌群,有助于保持肠道健康状况。     

昂立植物乳杆菌对腹腔感染大鼠肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨经肠道补充昂立植物乳杆菌(LP-Onlly)对腹腔感染大鼠肠道微生态的影响.方法大鼠经盲肠结扎穿孔法及颈静脉空肠置管制成腹腔感染模型后,分别给予肠外营养(PN组)和PN 昂立植物乳杆菌(LP-Onlly组)持续5 d,第6天处死,取盲肠内粪便进行肠菌群培养计数及细菌种群DNA指纹图谱分析.结果 LP-Onlly组大鼠肠道内的乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量较单纯PN组的大鼠为多,而肠道内的潜在致病菌产气荚膜梭菌数量较单纯PN组的大鼠少,DNA指纹图谱也显示LP-Onlly组大鼠优势菌群的基因条带和正常大鼠具有较高的一致性,而PN组则差异有显著性.结论 LP-Onlly能纠正腹腔感染大鼠PN时的肠道菌群紊乱, 调理肠道微生态平衡.     

态平胶囊对肠道菌群影响的实验研究

目的研究态平胶囊的特性及功效。方法通过检测实验鼠服用态平胶囊前后肠道菌群的变化．观察态平胶囊的作用。结果灌服态平胶囊后,小鼠肠道内双歧杆菌及乳杆菌数量显著增加．肠球菌及肠杆菌数量显著下降。结论态平胶囊具有调节肠道菌群改善肠道内环境的功能。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片 对重症脑卒中患者肠道功能的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片对重症脑卒中患者肠道菌群及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法选择重庆市人民医院2017年1月至2017年11月收治的100例重症脑卒中患者,随机将入选患者分为治疗组和对照组各50例。治疗组在常规肠内营养(EN)治疗基础上联用双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗,对照组给予常规EN治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后营养状况、肠道菌群数量和肠黏膜屏障功能。比较两组患者治疗后消化道并发症发生率。结果治疗前,两组患者营养状况、肠道菌群数量和肠黏膜屏障功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者营养状况指标白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)和三头肌肌围(MAMC)水平,肠道有益菌(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌)数量均有所上升,肠黏膜屏障功能指标二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平及肠道有害菌数量(小梭菌和肠球菌)均降低。与对照组相比,治疗组患者ALB、Hb和MAMC水平,肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和拟杆菌数量均显著升高,DAO、D-乳酸水平和小梭菌、肠球菌数量均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者消化道并发症发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片能够显著改善脑卒中患者的营养状况,有效调节菌群失衡,改善肠黏膜屏障功能,降低并发症发生。     

Synergistic antidigestion effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus rhamnosus</Emphasis> and bovine colostrums in simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro)

Probiotics and bovine colostrums had been proven to be beneficial for human health. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZDY114 and anti-Helicobacter pylori bovine colostrums were used for the preparation of microecological additives, and their synergistic antidigestion effect in the simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) was investigated. Either L. rhamnosus or purified IgG from immune colostrums was very sensitive in simulated gastric environment and slightly sensitive in simulated intestinal tract. No viable counts were recovered from the solution of dissolved freeze-dried powder (7.14 log₁₀ CFU/ml) of L. rhamnosus when digested at pH 3.0 with pepsin for 30 min. Activity of purified IgGs from immune colostrums could not be detected when digested at pH 3.0 with pepsin for 30 min; 29% titer could be detected when digested at pH 8.0 with trypsin for 5 h. The IgGs in nonpurified immune colostrums presented stronger resistance against gastrointestinal digestion than purified IgGs. Moreover, the combination of L. rhamnosus ZDY114 and immune colostrums strengthened their antidigestion ability. Even under pH 3.0, 4.0 with pepsin, the titer of anti-HP IgG maintained above 123 and 83.3%, respectively. Similarly, that titer was above 93.3% when digested at pH 8.0 with trypsin for 4.5 h. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus and anti-Helicobacter pylori bovine colostrums had synergistic antidigestion effect in simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro).     

Synergistic antidigestion effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus rhamnosus</Emphasis> and bovine colostrums in simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro)

Probiotics and bovine colostrums had been proven to be beneficial for human health. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZDY114 and anti-Helicobacter pylori bovine colostrums were used for the preparation of microecological additives, and their synergistic antidigestion effect in the simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) was investigated. Either L. rhamnosus or purified IgG from immune colostrums was very sensitive in simulated gastric environment and slightly sensitive in simulated intestinal tract. No viable counts were recovered from the solution of dissolved freeze-dried powder (7.14 log(10) CFU/ml) of L. rhamnosus when digested at pH 3.0 with pepsin for 30 min. Activity of purified IgGs from immune colostrums could not be detected when digested at pH 3.0 with pepsin for 30 min; 29% titer could be detected when digested at pH 8.0 with trypsin for 5 h. The IgGs in nonpurified immune colostrums presented stronger resistance against gastrointestinal digestion than purified IgGs. Moreover, the combination of L. rhamnosus ZDY114 and immune colostrums strengthened their antidigestion ability. Even under pH 3.0, 4.0 with pepsin, the titer of anti-HP IgG maintained above 123 and 83.3%, respectively. Similarly, that titer was above 93.3% when digested at pH 8.0 with trypsin for 4.5 h. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus and anti-Helicobacter pylori bovine colostrums had synergistic antidigestion effect in simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro).     

Long-term peripheral infusion of nociceptin/orphanin FQ promotes hyperplasia, activation and migration of mucosal mast cells in the rat gastric fundus

The endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) modulates behavioral and gastrointestinal responses to stress. Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) are primary mediators of stress-related responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated the influence of N/OFQ and of the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist, UFP-101, on MMCs in the rat gastric fundus. N/OFQ was infused subcutaneously for 52 h at 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/kg/h and at 1 μg/kg/h for 4 h, 52 h, 7 days and 14 days via Alzet osmotic minipumps. Density of MMCs and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) was assessed histochemically and immunohistochemically. Activation and location of MMCs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Contacts between MMCs and nerve elements were assessed by double immunofluorescence. N/OFQ (1 μg/kg/h) and UFP-101 (10 and 30 μg/kg/h) were infused subcutaneously in the absence and presence of acute cold-restraint stress and density of MMCs was assessed. Peripheral N/OFQ dose-dependently increased the density of MMCs, while not influencing CTMCs. The increasing effect was maintained up to 14 days following continuous infusion, while after termination of the 4-h infusion, the effect declined rapidly. The peptide promoted the activation of MMCs and their migration from the lamina propria toward the epithelial layer. The association between MMCs and nerve fibers was time-dependently down-regulated following N/OFQ infusion. The stress-induced hyperplasia of MMCs was not influenced by N/OFQ and abolished by UFP-101. UFP-101 alone was ineffective. The present results suggest that endogenous N/OFQ could be considered a potential component of the circuit neuropeptides-mast cells-stress.     

Survival of bifidobacteria in adult intestinal tract

The “cocktail” of human origin rifampicin-resistant bifidobacteria (RRBs) and RRBs from commercial products was administrated to 9 volunteers aged from 22 to 46 years and the survival ability in gastrointestinal tract of these strains was determined. Bifidobacteria represented 0–8 % of total anaerobes detected in gastrointestinal tract of volunteers before the administration of probiotic strains. After the administration of probiotics, bifidobacterial counts increased to 16 % of total bacterial counts. RRBs formed 9–44 % of total counts of bifidobacteria. Then, the counts of RRBs decreased at day 7 after administration, and they were not detected after 14 d. In our study, suitable probiotic bifidobacterial strains for human should be chosen on the basic of in vitro test but the results showed that no strain was able to colonize human tract permanently.     

Human methanogen diversity and incidence in healthy and diseased colonic groups using <Emphasis Type="Italic">mcrA</Emphasis> gene analysis

Background  

The incidence and diversity of human methanogens are insufficiently characterised in the gastrointestinal tract of both health and disease. A PCR and clone library methodology targeting the mcrA gene was adopted to facilitate the two-fold aim of surveying the relative incidence of methanogens in health and disease groups and also to provide an overview of methanogen diversity in the human gastrointestinal tract.     

Selenium Regulates Gene Expression of Selenoprotein W in Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract

Selenoprotein W (SelW) is an existing form of selenium (Se). Se influences the levels of SelW in mammals. However, little is known about the pattern of SelW expression in the gastrointestinal tract tissue of bird. The present paper describes the effects of different dietary levels of Se on the SelW mRNA expression in the gastrointestinal tract tissue of chicken. The expression levels of SelW mRNA and the Se contents in the gastrointestinal tract tissues (glandular stomach, gizzard, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum) were determined on days 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55, respectively. The results showed that the Se contents and the SelW mRNA expression were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the high-Se group, and the Se contents and SelW mRNA expression in the low-Se group were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the controls. The Se contents were the highest in the duodenum and the lowest in the rectum, while the SelW mRNA expression was the highest in the gizzard and the lowest in the rectum. In addition, the SelW mRNA levels in the gastrointestinal tract tissue were found to increase in a time-dependent manner with increasing feeding time. Furthermore, the expression of the SelW mRNA in the gastrointestinal tract tissues of chickens was found to correlate with the dietary Se concentrations, but not with the tissue Se contents.     

The production and characterization of a new monoclonal antibody to the trefoil peptide human spasmolytic polypeptide

Summary Human spasmolytic polypeptide (hSP) is a member of the growing family of trefoil peptides which are expressed in discrete regions of the body, most notably the gastrointestinal tract. Much of the research into the localization of the spasmolytic polypeptide has relied on hybridization in situ to detect its mRNA, due to the absence of a suitable antibody. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize a monoclonal antibody against the human spasmolytic polypeptide, using a combination of immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ.After immunoblotting, the antibody detected a 14 kDa protein in gastrointestinal tissue extracts from the stomach and small intestine only. Using immunohistochemistry, human spasmolytic polypeptide showed a distinctive staining pattern in the duodenum which co-localized with its mRNA. The co-localization of the immunoreactive peptide with its mRNA provides good evidence that the antibody truly recognized human spasmolytic polypeptide.     

Distribution of CD4pos -, CD8pos – and Regulatory T Cells in the Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract in Healthy Young Subjects

The gastrointestinal immune system is involved in the development of several autoimmune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Alterations in T-cell populations, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), are often evident in patients suffering from these diseases. To be able to detect changes in T-cell populations in diseased tissue, it is crucial to investigate T-cell populations in healthy individuals, and to characterize their variation among different regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. While limited data exist, quantitative data on biopsies systematically drawn from various regions of the GI tract are lacking, particularly in healthy young humans. In this report, we present the first systematic assessment of how T cells—including Tregs—are distributed in the gastrointestinal mucosa throughout the GI tract of healthy young humans by means of multi-parameter FACS analysis. Gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were performed on 16 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 32. Biopsies were drawn from seven GI regions, and were used to determine the frequencies of CD8⁺-, CD4⁺- and Tregs in the gastrointestinal mucosa by means of multi-parameter FACS analysis. Our data show that there is significant variation in the baseline T-cell landscape along the healthy human gastrointestinal tract, and that mucosal T-cell analyses from a single region should not be taken as representative of the entire gastrointestinal tract. We show that certain T-cell subsets in the gastrointestinal mucosa vary significantly among regions; most notably, that Tregs are enriched in the appendiceal orifice region and the ascending colon, and that CD8^pos T cells are enriched in the gastric mucosa.     

Location of PHM/VIP mRNA in human gastrointestinal tract detected by in situ hybridization

The expression of the gene for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM) in the human gastrointestinal tract was studied by in situ hybridization and Northern blotting for PHM/ VIP mRNA and immunocytochemistry using specific antisera against the bioactive peptides PHM and VIP. In the colon sigmoideum, antisera against all five putative processing products of the VIP precursor (prepro-VIP) were used, namely prepro-VIP 22–79, PHM, prepro-VIP 111–122, VIP and prepro-VIP 156–170. Furthermore, RNA extracted from various regions of the gastrointestinal tract was examined by Northern blots and hybridization to a VIP-cDNA probe. Throughout the gastrointestinal tract, PHM/VIP mRNA was found in neurons only. Using single-or double-staining methods, we demonstrated both PHM/VIP mRNA and the corresponding peptides PHM and VIP in the neurons. In the sigmoideum, the single-staining methods were extended to investigate whether the neurons simultaneously contained PHM/VIP mRNA and each of the five prepro-VIP-derived peptides. Only one major band of PHM/VIP mRNA (1.9 kb) was found by Northern blotting in the tissue of the gastrointestinal tract.