用尾部皮肤移植法对近交系小鼠的遗传鉴定

本文通过尾部皮肤移植技术对四个品系小鼠进行了同系异体之间、不同近交系及不同近交系的杂交F1代之间、皮肤植片100天以上的实验观察,该法不仅能够确定组织相容性基因高度纯和,还能检出用毛色基因测试法不能反应的亚系趋异,是鉴定小鼠或大鼠遗传纯度的适用方法。     

豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系T细胞亚群和sIL-2R水平

为研究豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系细胞免疫功能,采用单抗致敏的红细胞花环法和双抗夹心ELISA法分别对2月龄、6月龄无毛小鼠及杂合子有毛小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及可溶性白介素-2受体(sIL-2R)水平进行体外测定,结果表明, 2月龄组无毛小鼠CD3、 CD4、 CD8 阳性T 细胞及CD4/CD8与有毛小鼠相比无显著性差异,sIL-2R水平无毛小鼠高于有毛小鼠,差异显著(P<0.05);6月龄组无毛小鼠与有毛小鼠相比,CD4无显著性差异,CD3、 CD4/CD8高于有毛小鼠,CD8 、sIL-2R低于有毛小鼠,差异显著(P<0.05).提示了豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系两种基因型小鼠细胞免疫功能有一定差异.     

豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系T细胞亚群和sIL-2R水平

为研究豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系细胞免疫功能,采用单抗致敏的红细胞花环法和双抗夹心ELISA法分别对2月龄、6月龄无毛小鼠及杂合子有毛小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及可溶性白介素－2受体（sIL-2R)水平进行体外测定,结果表明,2月龄组无毛小鼠CD3、CD4、CD8阳性T细胞及CD4／CD8与有毛小鼠相比无显著性差异,sIL-2R水平无毛小鼠高于有毛小鼠,差异显著（P＜0．05）;6月龄组无毛小鼠与有毛小鼠相比,CD4无显著性差异,CD3、CD4／CD8高于有毛小鼠,CD8、sIL-2R低于有毛小鼠,差异显著（P＜0．05）。提示了豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系两种基因型小鼠细胞免疫功能有一定差异。     

TW近交系小鼠的血液生化及毛色基因检测

目的建立野生来源TW（Tianjin wild,TW）近交系小鼠的体重和血液生化正常范围并检测其毛色基因纯合性。方法分别选用F23代TW近交系成年小鼠,进行毛色基因测试,并检测动物的体重及血液生化指标。结果 6周龄前,雌雄TW小鼠体重差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）;6周龄后雄性TW小鼠体重明显高于同期雌性小鼠体重,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。血生化检测指标中,雌雄小鼠的总蛋白和甘油三酯均值不同,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其他各项差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,且与文献报道的其他品系结果不一致。毛色基因测试,F1代小鼠的毛色为白腹野生色,其基因型为AWAWBBccDD。结论 TW小鼠毛色基因已达纯合,且在一些指标上与通用实验小鼠品系不同,具有自身特点。     

近交系HFJ大鼠的培育及其部分表型观察

目的培育高繁殖力近交系HFJ大鼠并观察其部分表型特征。方法以一对Wistar大鼠为基代,通过全同胞近亲交配方式,采用选优法培育高繁殖力近交系HFJ大鼠。采用生化标记法、皮肤移植实验进行遗传质量检测;观察比较其部分表型特征。结果HFJ种群符合近交系标准;其窝产仔数、离乳率、胎次间隔显著高于Wistar大鼠;HFJ大鼠12周龄后生长缓慢,体重低于同龄Wistar大鼠;HFJ大鼠部分血液常规指标及血液生化指标与Wistar大鼠有显著差异。结论HFJ大鼠繁殖力强,是具有独特生物学特性的近交系大鼠。     

稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系的免疫与生化标记分析

目的 筛选稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系遗传质量检测标记.方法 采用鳞片活体移植和同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系的遗传纯度进行检测.结果 在免疫标记分析中,鳞片同体移植存活率为96.7％以上,野生群体移植存活率为7.4％,而HAN系F22鳞片异体移植的成功率为80％,显著高于野生群体.在生化标记分析中,在HAN系F22中无多态性位点,不同个体的同工酶谱呈现高度一致,在野生群体中有2个多态位点即est2和est3,多态位点的比例为15.56％.结论 经过多代近亲交配,稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系生化标记基因已经纯合,鳞片异体移植存活率达到80％,表明HAN系具有较高的遗传均一性.选用鳞片的异体移植及酯酶和肌蛋白分别作为免疫和生化标记对稀有鮈鲫HAN近交系进行遗传质量检测是可行的.     

近交系小鼠过氧化氢酶-2遗传生化标记位点的研究

目的为了进一步完善近交系小鼠遗传生化标记检测方法,对近交系小鼠过氧化氢酶-2生化标记位点进行研究。方法将CBA/Ca与BALB/c交配得到杂交F1代动物,同时将CBA/Ca与C57BL/6交配得到杂交F1代动物,然后通过F1代动物之间的交配,以及F1代动物与母代的回交,得到F2代动物,对F2代动物进行过氧化氢酶-2生化标记检测。结果在杂交F1代不表现的过氧化氢酶-2的b型基因,在F2代出现。结论近交系小鼠过氧化氢酶-2遗传生化标记位点的等位基因a是完全显性的。     

615近交系小鼠造血干细胞的定量测定

615近交系小鼠是本所动物室于1961年用昆明种小白鼠(♀)和由苏联引进的C_(57)BL近交系小鼠(♂)杂交第一代按同胞兄妹交配纯化而得的一系棕色小鼠,至今已培养20余年,共繁殖了57代。通过皮肤移植,混合淋巴细胞反应免疫学分析,血红蛋白分子遗传学分析,血清蛋白电泳分析,毛色基因检测等试验,均证明615小鼠是纯合子,符合近交系要求。该小鼠生殖能力也比C_(57)BL等近交系小鼠强。其自发瘤的发生情况也有一定的规律和特点,是一株低白血病,低乳腺瘤小鼠,但肺腺瘤发生率较     

豫医无毛小鼠皮肤透射电镜观察

采用透射电镜技术对12～28日龄豫医无毛小鼠(YYHL)背部皮肤超微结构进行了观察.结果 发现:12日龄时,无毛小鼠皮肤毛囊上皮细胞簇集成团,占据毛球的位置;14日龄时,毛囊上皮细胞出现不同程度的凋亡形态学改变,核染色质凝聚呈"新月形"或形成圆形或椭圆形的凋亡小体;18日龄时,毛囊上皮细胞胞核部分区域退变形成大小不一的类似脂滴的空泡;21日龄时,毛囊上皮细胞退变消失,角化成纤维样的物质;到28日龄时,毛囊上皮细胞完全退变成空洞样结构.由此推断,无毛基因的突变诱发了豫医无毛小鼠皮肤毛囊上皮细胞的凋亡,从而引起小鼠的脱发.     

BALB/c小鼠遗传质量检测的新方法

目的比较随即扩增多态性方法（RAPD）、微卫星方法（STR）与生化标记方法对近交系小鼠遗传质量检测的差异,为近交系动物遗传质量控制提供一种分子生物学方法。方法提取近交系小鼠BALB/c基因组DNA,用6条RAPD引物和20对STR引物对其进行PCR扩增,用生化标记法检测13个位点。结果在6条RAPD引物中,引物2（p2）、引物3（p3）、引物5（p5）和引物6（p6）这四条引物扩增的条带出现差异,表现为不同的RAPD图谱;在20对STR引物中,引物2、4、10和11,这四对引物扩增的条带出现差异,表现为不同的STR图谱;13个生化标记位点中,过氧化氢酶-2（Ce-2）等6个生化位点发现杂合基因。结论RAPD和STR可用于验证生化标记方法的实验结果,并用于保证近交系动物的遗传质量。     

Establishment and characteristics of five analbuminemic inbred strains of rats

Five analbuminemic inbred strains of rats (AD/1, AD/2, AD/3, AD/4, AD/5) were established from Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR). They showed no genetic differences in coat color, biochemical marker gene loci and skin grafting test. Their serum levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, and beta-lipoproteins were compared with normal inbred strains (L) derived from Sprague-Dawley rats. Their plasma apoproteins were also examined. All inbred strains of analbuminemic rats showed hyperlipidemia progressing with age although there were slight variations in their lipid and apoprotein levels. These analbuminemic inbred strains of rats may be multigenic models of lipid metabolism abnormality.     

Establishment and characteristics of three analbuminemic congenic strains of rats

We have established three analbuminemic congenic strains of rats (ACI-alb, F344-alb, and SHR-alb) by repeated backcrossing with a progeny test or intercrossing. Some coat color and biochemical marker genes of each congenic strain agreed with those of the background inbred strain of rats, except for the alb gene locus. These established congenic strains were maintained by cross-intercrossing. Body weights, organ weights and serum lipid concentrations of each strain were measured up to 30 weeks of age. Body weights of ACI-alb congenic strains (alb/alb and alb/+) were similar to those of the original ACI(+/+) strain, but those of F344-alb and SHR-alb were heavier in the order of +/+, alb/+ and alb/alb. The liver and adrenal weights of all strains were higher in the order of alb/alb, alb/+ and +/+. Serum lipid concentrations were also higher in the same order. These three analbuminemic congenic strains originating from different inbred strains should be useful in studies of carcinogenesis and genetically modified mechanisms of albumin functions.     

A new inbred strain JF1 established from Japanese fancy mouse carrying the classic piebald allele

A new inbred strain JF1 (Japanese Fancy Mouse 1) was established from a strain of fancy mouse. Morphological and genetical analysis indicated that the mouse originated from the Japanese wild mouse, Mus musculus molossinus. JF1 has characteristic coat color, black spots on the white coat, with black eyes. The mutation appeared to be linked to an old mutation piebald (s). Characterization of the causative gene for piebald, endothelin receptor type B (ednrb), demonstrated that the allele in JF1 is same as that of classic piebald allele, suggesting an identical origin of these two mutants. Possibly, classic piebald mutation was introduced from the Japanese tame mouse, which was already reported at the end of the 1700s. We showed that JF1 is a useful strain for mapping of mutant genes on laboratory strains owing to a high level of polymorphisms in microsatellite markers between JF1 and laboratory strains. The clarified genotypes of JF1 for coat color are ``aa BB CC DD ss'. Received: 30 May 1997 / Accepted: 26 August 1997     

Genetic profile of alloxan-induced diabetes-susceptible mice (ALS) and-resistant mice (ALR)

Two inbred strains from a foundation stock derived from Crj: CD-1 (ICR) mice were established after more than 20 generations of full-sib mating, and by simultaneous selective breeding for developing and not developing diabetes after alloxan administration (45 mg/kg in males, 47 mg/kg in females). To elucidate the genetic background of the two inbred strains, i. e., alloxan-induced diabetes-susceptible (ALS) strain and alloxan-induced diabetes-resistant (ALR) strain, their biochemical genetic markers and immunogenetic markers were examined. 1) For both strains, investigation of biochemical genetic markers at 19 loci and immunogenetic markers at 11 loci revealed no variation in any gene within the same strain, showing to be homogeneous, thus indicating establishment of the inbred strains. 2) The two strains differed from each other at 2 loci of biochemical genetic markers and at 5 loci of immunogenetic markers. 3) The ALS and ALR strains can be regarded as new inbred strains derived from ICR mice. 4) The results show that the marker genes of the two strains are different at 7 loci, but it remains unclear whether or not these genes are involved in the difference between the two strains in susceptibility to alloxan.     

Inheritance of seed condensed tannins and their relationship with seed-coat color and pattern genes in common bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> L.)

Condensed tannins are major flavonoid end products that affect the nutritional quality of many legume seeds. They chelate minerals and interact with proteins, thus reducing their bioavailability. Tannins also contribute to seed coat color and pigment distribution or intensity. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed tannin concentration in common bean and Mendelian genes for seed coat color and pattern. Three populations of recombinant inbred lines, derived from crosses between the Andean and Mesoamerican genepools were used for QTL identification and for mapping STS markers associated with seed color loci. Seed coat condensed tannins were determined with a butanol–HCl method and a total of 12 QTL were identified on separate linkage groups (LGs) in each of the populations with individual QTL explaining from 10 to 64% of the phenotypic variation for this trait. Loci on linkage groups B3 and B10 were associated with the Mendelian genes Z and Bip for partly colored seed coat pattern, while a QTL on linkage group B7 was associated with the P gene which is the primary locus for the control of color expression in beans. In conclusion, this study found that the inheritance of tannin concentration fits an oligogenic model and identifies novel putative alleles at seed coat color and pattern genes that control tannin accumulation. The results will be important for the genetic improvement of nutritionally enhanced or biofortified beans that have health promoting effects from higher polyphenolics or better iron bioavailability.     

雄性不育大鼠近交系MIJ的建立及其遗传特征观察

以发现的雄性不育大鼠的正常表型同胞鼠为种鼠,通过全同胞近亲交配方式,采用选优法成功培育出自发雄性不育大鼠近交系MIJ.同系异体皮肤移植验证其遗传纯合度,观察其表型特征,并通过遗传测交试验测定雄性不育性状的遗传方式.结果表明.MIJ种群符合近交系标准;雄性不育大鼠呈睾丸下降延迟、睾丸及附睾发育迟缓、精子数量少及精子生成障碍;近交系内其他个体表型正常.不育性状呈隐性遗传方式,由常染色体上单一隐性基因控制.该雄性不育大鼠可作为人类男性不育研究的动物模型.     

The LEXF: A new set of rat recombinant inbred strains between LE/Stm and F344

A new set of rat RI strains consisting of 11 independent strains and 13 of their substrains was established by inbreeding F₂ rats between F344/DuCrj and LE/Stm. The strain distribution pattern was examined for 66 microsatellite loci, 8 biochemical genetic markers, 2 histocompatibility loci, and 2 coat color genes. A rat salivary protein gene Spe1 was newly mapped on Chr 1. Received: 13 August 1996 / Accepted: 23 December 1996     

Mapping of a QTL for serum HDL cholesterol in the rabbit using AFLP technology

The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique is a DNA technology that generates the so-called AFLP markers. These markers are genomic restriction fragments detected after two rounds of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without prior knowledge of nucleotide sequence. Here we describe the first application of the AFLP technique in the rabbit. We have tested two primer combinations. The results obtained with the DNA from rabbits of different breeds justify the conclusion that AFLP analysis is an effective tool for genetic studies in the rabbit. In addition, we contribute to the linkage map of the rabbit by localizing two AFLP markers on rabbit linkage group VI (LG VI). For this purpose the progeny of a IIIVO/JU x [IIIVO/JU x AX/JU]F(1) backcross were genotyped for 12 AFLP markers and 3 LG VI classical markers [one coat color marker (e) and two biochemical markers (Es-1 and Est-2)]. AX/JU is a dietary cholesterol-susceptible (hyperresponding) inbred strain and IIIVO/JU is a dietary cholesterol resistant (hyporesponding) inbred strain. Moreover, it is possible to evoke dietary cholesterol-induced aorta atherosclerosis in a relatively short time period in AX/JU rabbits, in contrast to IIIVO/JU rabbits. A significant cosegregation was found between basal serum HDL cholesterol level (i.e., the level on a low-cholesterol, control diet) and an AFLP marker on LG VI. It is concluded that one or more genes of LG VI are regulating the basal serum HDL cholesterol level in rabbits. Thus the present study with rabbits clearly illustrates the value of AFLP markers for the construction of linkage maps and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL).