O2和CO2配比对气调贮藏梨采后褐变及相关理化因子的影响

以采后'丰水'梨果实为材料,在乐扣气调试验箱中研究了O2和CO2配比对果实褐变率、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和总酚含量的影响,以探讨适宜减轻梨气藏褐变的气体成份.结果表明:在整个贮藏过程(150 d)中,'丰水'梨果肉未发生褐变.从贮藏60 d开始,气调处理和冷藏对照果实的果皮均出现褐变,气调处理在贮藏120 d之前对果皮褐变的影响不显著,而在贮藏120～150 d内可显著减轻果皮的褐变、抑制果皮PPO和POD活性及降低总酚含量.与冷藏对照相比,气调处理可推迟果心褐变的时间,且(8%～10%)O2+3% CO2处理可完全抑制果心的褐变;气调处理亦可降低果心PPO活性、减少总酚及MDA含量;(8%～10%)O2+1% CO2处理能够显著提高果心的POD活性,而(8%～10%)O2+3% CO2处理对果实POD活性的影响不显著.可见,气调贮藏主要是通过降低'丰水'梨果皮PPO、POD活性及总酚含量来减轻组织的褐变,并以(8%～10%)O2+3% CO2处理对果实褐变因子的控制效果较理想.     

香蕉芒果果皮中酶活性与炭疽病菌潜伏侵染的关系

在树上正生长发育的香蕉果实,随着果实长大,果皮中过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性不断升高。采后的香蕉和芒果果实的果皮中,POD和PPO活性变化与呼吸代谢相关。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)主要分布在果皮中,并随着果实成熟度的提高,其活性呈极显著下降趋势。感病果实的果皮中三种酶活性均比健康果皮高。说明果皮中三种酶活性的变化与炭疽菌的潜伏侵染有关。     

香蕉组培苗POD、PPO及SOD活性对银胁迫的反应

用0.1mg/mL硝酸银溶液处理香蕉组培苗,分别测定了多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性。结果表明:在银胁迫下,香蕉组培苗的PPO、POD、SOD的活性明显增加(P<0 05或P<0 01),但随着胁迫时间的延长呈下降趋势且趋于稳定,这说明PPO、POD和SOD活性的提高与维持是植物耐受银胁迫的物质基础之一。     

炭疽病菌侵染对荔枝果实生理生化变化的影响

本研究测定了荔枝果实人工接种炭疽病菌后呼吸速率、乙烯释放量的变化和果皮氧化、过氧化作用以及与酚类代谢有关的几种酶活性的变化。结果表明,接种炭疽病菌的荔枝果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放量显著增高,果皮活性氧(O₂^·)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低,过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性显著增高。说明炭疽病菌的侵染可导致荔枝果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放量的增高,加速荔枝果皮氧化和过氧化进程,并诱导荔枝果皮PPO、POD、PAL活性增高,是加速采收后荔枝果实衰老、褐变、腐烂的一个重要原因。     

橄榄果实中PPO和POD活性抑制研究

本文研究温度和几种抑制剂对橄榄果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明,橄榄果实PPO活性最强的温度为27℃,POD活性最强的温度为45℃;低温对PPO活性的抑制较POD显著;抗坏血酸和亚硫酸钠可有效地抑制PPO活性,而抗坏血酸和氯化镁则对POD活性有明显的抑制作用。     

龙眼果实采后失水果皮褐变与活性氧及酚类代谢的关系

研究了(10±1)℃和50%相对湿度贮藏条件下"福眼"龙眼果实果皮褐变与活性氧和酚类代谢的关系.结果表明,采后失水导致龙眼果实果皮褐变,果皮活性氧清除酶SOD、CAT、APX、GR活性和内源抗氧化物质AsA、GSH含量下降,O-2产生速率和MDA含量增加,细胞膜透性迅速增大;PPO和POD活性增加,总酚和类黄酮含量明显下降.据此认为,果皮褐变可能是细胞的活性氧代谢失调,细胞膜结构破坏,使PPO、POD与酚类物质(含类黄酮)接触、酚类物质氧化的结果.     

多酚氧化酶抑制剂对蝴蝶兰叶外植体褐变的影响

将多酚氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂添加到酶反应液中,抗坏血酸和半胱氨酸在0.5mmol/L就完全抑制蝴蝶兰PPO活性。300mg/L柠檬酸和100~200mg/L亚硫酸氢钠分别添加到培养基中,可使蝴蝶兰外植体褐变程度降低;采用抑制剂浸泡处理外植体,对外植体褐变抑制效果最好的为50mg/L抗坏血酸,外植体在褐变发生前PPO活性低于对照。     

臭氧水对荔枝采后若干生理生化指标的影响

用不同浓度臭氧水对荔枝果实进行采后处理,测定其花色素苷、类黄酮、可滴定酸和糖含量以及多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性。结果显示,处理后荔枝果皮中花色素苷、类黄酮含量下降速度低于对照,PPO活性低于对照,POD活性高于对照,而果汁中可滴定酸及糖含量与对照相比无显著变化。表明一定浓度臭氧水对荔枝果实保色护色有一定效果,并有防褐变作用。     

钙处理对桃冷藏期间呼吸速率和乙烯释放以及与褐变相关酶活性的影响

桃冷藏期间3?Cl2处理的效果最好,呼吸速率、乙烯释放量、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均显著下降(P≤0.05).     

防止速冻荔枝果皮变褐的研究

荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)果实采收后容易变褐变质。三年来,我们研究了荔枝果皮的多酚氧化酶与变褐的关系以及防止速冻荔枝果皮变褐的各种枝术措施。证明:荔枝果皮中具有氧化邻苯二酚的多酚氧化酶,在果皮褐变过程中该酶起着重要的作用,采用热处理及化学药物处理能抑制多酚氧化酶活性,达到防止速冻荔枝果皮变褐的目的。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.