促淤等人为扰动对长江口滩涂湿地土壤微生物呼吸的影响

为阐明促淤和堤内农业生产对长江口滩涂湿地土壤微生物呼吸(SMR)的影响,在崇明东滩和九段沙湿地设置3个典型区域,研究了人为扰动和自然状况下湿地SMR的差异性,并通过分析不同类型湿地土壤的微生物活性和环境因子阐明了导致SMR差异的主要原因。结果显示,促淤区现有湿地SMR强度((0.41±0.22)mgCO·2g-·124h-1)高于自然状态区((0.07±0.02)mgCO·2g-·124h-1),且差异达到了极显著水平(P0.01);堤内不同农业生产模式导致的施肥强度差异对堤外湿地SMR也有一定影响。通径分析表明,促淤等人为扰动状态下湿地土壤微生物活性增强是导致其SMR较高的主要原因,其中土壤原核微生物多样性指数及蔗糖酶活性与SMR强度的关联性尤为显著。而促淤与堤内化肥施用所引起的已有滩涂湿地土壤环境条件的改变,特别是土壤含水量下降和无机氮含量增高是导致其微生物活性发生改变的重要原因。总体而言,促淤和堤内高强度施肥的农业生产模式一定程度上会增强堤外现有滩涂湿地的SMR,从而弱化其碳汇功能。     

Changes in Diversity and Functional Gene Abundances of Microbial Communities Involved in Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrification, and Denitrification in a Tidal Wetland versus Paddy Soils Cultivated for Different Time Periods

In many areas of China, tidal wetlands have been converted into agricultural land for rice cultivation. However, the consequences of land use changes for soil microbial communities are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities involved in inorganic nitrogen turnover (nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification) based on abundances and relative species richness of the corresponding functional genes along a soil chronosequence ranging between 50 and 2,000 years of paddy soil management compared to findings for a tidal wetland. Changes in abundance and diversity of the functional groups could be observed, reflecting the different chemical and physical properties of the soils, which changed in terms of soil development. The tidal wetland was characterized by a low microbial biomass and relatively high abundances of ammonia-oxidizing microbes. Conversion of the tidal wetlands into paddy soils was followed by a significant increase in microbial biomass. Fifty years of paddy management resulted in a higher abundance of nitrogen-fixing microbes than was found in the tidal wetland, whereas dominant genes of nitrification and denitrification in the paddy soils showed no differences. With ongoing rice cultivation, copy numbers of archaeal ammonia oxidizers did not change, while that of their bacterial counterparts declined. The nirK gene, coding for nitrite reductase, increased with rice cultivation time and dominated its functionally redundant counterpart, nirS, at all sites under investigation. Relative species richness showed significant differences between all soils with the exception of the archaeal ammonia oxidizers in the paddy soils cultivated for 100 and 300 years. In general, changes in diversity patterns were more pronounced than those in functional gene abundances.     

Bacterial Community Structure in Two Permafrost Wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau and Sanjiang Plain,China

Permafrost wetlands are important methane emission sources and fragile ecosystems sensitive to climate change. Presently, there remains a lack of knowledge regarding bacterial communities, especially methanotrophs in vast areas of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau in Northwest China and the Sanjiang Plain (SJ) in Northeast China. In this study, 16S rRNA-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 454 pyrosequencing were used to identify bacterial communities in soils sampled from a littoral wetland of Lake Namco on the Tibetan Plateau (NMC) and an alluvial wetland on the SJ. Additionally, methanotroph-specific primers targeting particulate methane monooxygenase subunit A gene (pmoA) were used for qPCR and pyrosequencing analysis of methanotrophic community structure in NMC soils. qPCR analysis revealed the presence of 10¹⁰ 16S rRNA gene copies per gram of wet soil in both wetlands, with 10⁸ pmoA copies per gram of wet soil in NMC. The two permafrost wetlands showed similar bacterial community compositions, which differed from those reported in other cold environments. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria , and Chloroflexi were the most abundant phyla in both wetlands, whereas Acidobacteria was prevalent in the acidic wetland SJ only. These four phyla constituted more than 80 % of total bacterial community diversity in permafrost wetland soils, and Methylobacter of type I methanotrophs was overwhelmingly dominant in NMC soils. This study is the first major bacterial sequencing effort of permafrost in the NMC and SJ wetlands, which provides fundamental data for further studies of microbial function in extreme ecosystems under climate change scenarios.     

Conversion from natural wetlands to paddy field alters the composition of soil bacterial communities in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The Sanjiang Plain is the largest freshwater wetlands in Northeast China. In order to feed the growing population, about 84 % of the wetlands in this area have been converted to farmland, especially to paddy fields, since the 1950s. However, little is known about the influence of this conversion on soil microbial community composition. In this study, soil samples were collected from two natural wetlands dominated by plant species Carex lasiocarpa and Deyeuxia angustifolia and from a neighboring paddy field that was changed from wetland more than 10 years ago. The composition and diversity of bacterial communities in the soils were estimated by clone library analysis of nearly full length of 16S rDNA sequences. The results revealed that bacterial diversity was higher in paddy fields, and that the composition of bacterial communities differed among the three samples; the difference was more notable between the paddy field and two natural wetlands than between two natural wetlands. The distribution of clones into different bacterial phyla differed among soil samples, and the conversion from natural wetlands to paddy field increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes but decreased the abundance of Chloroflexi. About 63 % and 71 % of clones from two natural wetlands and 49 % of clones from the paddy field had <93 % similarity with known bacteria, suggesting that the majority of bacteria in natural wetland soils in the Sanjiang Plain are phylogenetically novel. In general, this study demonstrated that long-term conversion from natural wetlands to paddy field changes soil bacterial communities in the Sanjiang Plain.     

基于地表土壤动物与植物完整性指数评估若尔盖沼泽湿地受扰现状

利用地表土壤动物与植物群落生物完整性指数评价若尔盖沼泽湿地受扰现状,为若尔盖沼泽湿地恢复提供依据。2018年7月与2019年7月对若尔盖10处典型湿地(参照区4个,受扰区6个)地表土壤动物与湿地植被群落进行调查。通过对74个候选指标的分布范围、判别能力及相关分析,确定中生性植物、一年生植物、龙胆科植物、一年生植物/多年生植物比4个植物核心指标,地表土壤动物总个体数量、中小型动物类群数量、蜘蛛目物种数量、菌食性土壤动物与腐食性土壤动物5个核心指标,构建若尔盖沼泽湿地地表土壤动物与植物完整性指数。以所有采样点95%分位数为最佳期望值,四分位法确定研究区域未受干扰、轻度干扰程度、中度干扰与重度干扰4个等级,作为判断若尔盖沼泽湿地受扰状况。结果显示,若尔盖沼泽湿地相对原始沼泽、花湖沼泽化草甸2、长期低强度排水疏干区、短期高强度排水疏干区分别处于未受干扰、轻度干扰、中度干扰与重度干扰状态。所调查的若尔盖典型湿地中,20%的湿地未受到干扰,30%的湿地受到轻度干扰,30%的湿地受到中度干扰,20%的湿地受到重度干扰。Pearson相关系数分析显示,地表土壤动物完整性指数与植物完整性指数存在显著正相...     

Microbial ecoenzyme stoichiometry,nutrient limitation,and organic matter decomposition in wetlands of the conterminous United States

Microbial respiration (R_m) and ecoenzyme activities (EEA) related to microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquisition were measured in 792 freshwater and estuarine wetlands (representing a cumulative area of 217,480 km²) across the continental United States as part of the US EPA’s 2011 National Wetland Condition Assessment. EEA stoichiometry was used to construct models for and assess nutrient limitation, carbon use efficiency (CUE), and organic matter decomposition (? k). The wetlands were classified into ten groups based on aggregated ecoregion and wetland type. The wetlands were also assigned to least, intermediate, and most disturbed classes, based on the extent of human influences. Ecoenzyme activity related to C, N and P acquisition, R_m, CUE, and ? k differed among ecoregion–wetland types and, with the exception of C acquisition and ? k, among disturbance classes. R_m and EEA were positively correlated with soil C, N and P content (r = 0.15–0.64) and stoichiometry (r = 0.15–0.48), and negatively correlated with an index of carbon quality (r = ? 0.22 to ? 0.39). EEA stoichiometry revealed that wetlands were more often P- than N-limited, and that P-limitation increases with increasing disturbance. Our enzyme-based approach for modeling C, N, and P acquisition, and organic matter decomposition, all rooted in stoichiometric theory, provides a mechanism for modeling resource limitations of microbial metabolism and biogeochemical cycling in wetlands. Given the ease of collecting and analyzing soil EEA and their response to wetland disturbance gradients, enzyme stoichiometry models are a cost-effective tool for monitoring ecosystem responses to resource availability and the environmental drivers of microbial metabolism, including those related to global climate changes.     

人工和天然湿地芦苇根际土壤细菌群落结构多样性的比较

为认识人工湿地运行初期根际土壤细菌群落的结构多样性,本研究采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）的方法,比较了嘉兴石臼漾人工构筑生态湿地和白洋淀天然湿地府河河口区域芦苇根际土壤的细菌群落结构多样性。研究结果显示,嘉兴石臼漾湿地在运行初期（1~1.5年）,根际土壤细菌的物种丰富度已与白洋淀湿地相近,但香农指数和均匀度指数均显著低于白洋淀湿地;随着污染物浓度的降低,土壤细菌群落基因型多样性指数增大。     

An assessment of soil bacterial community structure and physicochemistry in two microtopographic locations of a palustrine forested wetland

We studied redoximorphic features, field indicators and bacterial communities of soils in hummocks and hollows of a palustrine forested wetland in Virginia. We hypothesized that presence of hydric soils, soil physicochemistry and soil bacterial community structure would differ between hummocks and hollows. We fingerprinted soils collected from different microtopographic locations using Length Heterogeneity Polymerase Chain Reaction (LH-PCR) to study their bacterial community structures. Two hummocks had silty/sandy loam soils with mean chroma values of > 4, showing no indication of ‘hydric soils’ (i.e., wetland soils). Two hollows, however, had clay loam soils with mean chroma values of 2 with gleying and redox concentrations observed, indicative of seasonally inundated wetlands. The soils of hollows also had higher organic matter content and soil moisture compared to the soils of hummocks (P < 0.05). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) of the fingerprints revealed differences in soil microbial community structures between hummocks and hollows (Global R = 0.30, P < 0.01). The diversity measures of the fingerprints (Shannon’s H′) were also different by microtopography with higher diversity in hollows relative to hummocks (P < 0.05). LH-PCR proves to be a useful tool in examining bacterial community composition of wetland soils in this study. However, cloning and sequencing of specific community LH-PCR profiles of interest is necessary to fully characterize the community down to genus/species level. With species identities we should be able to not only better explain differences observed in the community profiles, but study their relations to hydrologic and/or physicochemical conditions of wetlands.     

青海湖3种类型高寒湿地甲烷氧化菌群落特征

【背景】甲烷氧化菌在维持湿地生态系统碳平衡方面发挥着重要作用,青海湖高寒湿地具有十分重要的生态地位,但目前有关该地区甲烷氧化菌的研究相对较少。【目的】探究不同类型高寒湿地土壤甲烷氧化菌的群落特征与驱动因素。【方法】以青海湖流域内的小泊湖沼泽湿地、鸟岛湖滨湿地、瓦颜山河源湿地为研究对象,通过高通量测序技术对土壤甲烷氧化菌进行检测。【结果】3种不同类型高寒湿地土壤甲烷氧化菌的优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。鸟岛湖滨湿地与瓦颜山河源湿地的甲烷氧化菌α多样性存在显著差异(P<0.05),而小泊湖沼泽湿地与二者的甲烷氧化菌α多样性的差异不显著(P>0.05)。LEfSe分析表明,不同类型高寒湿地共存在40个差异菌群,尤以瓦颜山河源湿地差异菌群数量最多,从门到属水平均存在显著差异。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)表明,甲烷氧化菌菌群变化的主要驱动因子为土壤温度、土壤水分、电导率。【结论】整体而言,青海湖3种类型高寒湿地土壤理化性质及甲烷氧化菌群落多样性均存在差异,且部分菌群的相对丰度具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

Site History and Edaphic Features Override the Influence of Plant Species on Microbial Communities in Restored Tidal Freshwater Wetlands

Restored wetland soils differ significantly in physical and chemical properties from their natural counterparts even when plant community compositions are similar, but effects of restoration on microbial community composition and function are not well understood. Here, we investigate plant-microbe relationships in restored and natural tidal freshwater wetlands from two subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Soil samples were collected from the root zone of Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Peltandra virginica, and Lythrum salicaria. Soil microbial composition was assessed using 454 pyrosequencing, and genes representing bacteria, archaea, denitrification, methanogenesis, and methane oxidation were quantified. Our analysis revealed variation in some functional gene copy numbers between plant species within sites, but intersite comparisons did not reveal consistent plant-microbe trends. We observed more microbial variations between plant species in natural wetlands, where plants have been established for a long period of time. In the largest natural wetland site, sequences putatively matching methanogens accounted for ∼17% of all sequences, and the same wetland had the highest numbers of genes coding for methane coenzyme A reductase (mcrA). Sequences putatively matching aerobic methanotrophic bacteria and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) were detected in all sites, suggesting that both aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation are possible in these systems. Our data suggest that site history and edaphic features override the influence of plant species on microbial communities in restored wetlands.     

Microbial Diversity in Hummock and Hollow Soils of Three Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Revealed by 16S rRNA Pyrosequencing

The wetlands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are believed to play an important role in global nutrient cycling, but the composition and diversity of microorganisms in this ecosystem are poorly characterized. An understanding of the effects of geography and microtopography on microbial populations will provide clues to the underlying mechanisms that structure microbial communities. In this study, we used pyrosequencing-based analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences to assess and compare the composition of soil microbial communities present in hummock and hollow soils from three wetlands (Dangxiong, Hongyuan and Maduo) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the world’s highest plateau. A total of 36 bacterial phyla were detected. Proteobacteria (34.5% average relative abundance), Actinobacteria (17.3%) and Bacteroidetes (11%) had the highest relative abundances across all sites. Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes were also relatively abundant (1–10%). In addition, archaeal sequences belonging to Euryarchaea, Crenarchaea and Thaumarchaea were detected. Alphaproteobacteria sequences, especially of the order Rhodospirillales, were significantly more abundant in Maduo than Hongyuan and Dangxiong wetlands. Compared with Hongyuan soils, Dangxiong and Maduo had significantly higher relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria sequences (mainly order Xanthomonadales). Hongyuan wetland had a relatively high abundance of methanogens (mainly genera Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta) and methanotrophs (mainly Methylocystis) compared with the other two wetlands. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated that the microbial community structure differed between locations and microtopographies and canonical correspondence analysis indicated an association between microbial community structure and soil properties or geography. These insights into the microbial community structure and the main controlling factors in wetlands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provide a valuable background for further studies on biogeochemical processes in this distinct ecosystem.     

盐城滨海滩涂湿地典型植物群落土壤微生物组成与结构特征

土壤微生物是生态系统维持正常结构与功能的重要组成部分,为探究盐城滩涂典型湿地土壤微生物群落结构特征,以江苏盐城滩涂互花米草、藨草、盐地碱蓬、芦苇及淤泥质光滩5种典型群落为对象,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析0—10 cm(表层)、10—30 cm(中层)、30—60 cm(深层)土壤微生物多样性及群落结构。结果表明：(1)几种植物群落间,土壤微生物群落结构差异较大,主要体现在细菌群落结构的差异性,古菌群落结构差异相对较小。光滩与植物群落间,在土壤细菌种类及相对丰度上差异相对较大,互花米草群落与本土植物群落间,在微生物群落的细菌种类组成上存在较大差异;藨草群落土壤表层微生物群落结构与互花米草群落相似,深层与盐地碱蓬、芦苇群落相似。(2)同一群落不同层次土壤微生物群落结构相似,差异小于不同群落间土壤微生物群落的结构差异性;不同群落对应层次间,表深层土壤中五种群落土壤微生物多样性存在显著差异,中层土壤中五种群落微生物多样性差异不显著。总体上,植物群落类型对土壤微生物群落结构的影响大于土壤深度;与本土植物群落相比,互花米草群落土壤主要优势门微生物种类差异较小,但部分优势门微生物相对丰度...     

Size, activity and catabolic diversity of the soil microbial biomass in a wetland complex invaded by reed canary grass

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea, L.) invasion of wetlands is an ecological issue that has received attention, but its impact on soil microbial diversity is not well documented. The present study assessed the size (substrate-induced respiration), catabolic diversity (CLPP, community level physiological profiles) and composition (selective inhibition) of the soil microbial community in invaded (>95% P. arundinacea cover) and in non-invaded areas of a wetland occupied by native species grown either as a mixed assemblage (22 species) or as quasi-monotypic stands of Scirpus cyperinus (74% cover). The study also tested the hypothesis that decomposition of lignin- and phenolics-rich plant tissues would be fastest in soils exhibiting high catabolic diversity. Results showed that soil respiration, microbial biomass and diversity were significantly higher (P?<?0.03; 1.5 to 3 fold) in P. arundinacea-invaded soils than in soils supporting native plant species. Fungal to bacterial ratios were also higher in invaded (0.6) than in non-invaded (0.4) plots. Further, canonical discriminant analysis of CLPP data showed distinct communities of soil decomposers associated with each plant community. However, these differences in microbial attributes had no effect on decomposition of plant biomass which was primarily controlled by its chemical composition. While P. arundinacea invasion has substantially reduced plant diversity, this study found no parallel decline in the size and diversity of the soil microbial community in the invaded areas.     

闽江河口不同河段芦苇湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征

为了阐明不同河段湿地土壤生态化学计量学特征及其指示意义,对闽江河口不同河段芦苇湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量进行了测定与分析。结果表明:上游段芦苇湿地0—60 cm土壤C/N、C/P和N/P分别为36.5—51.3、43.0—93.6和0.8—2.3,平均值分别为44.1、66.9和1.6;中游段湿地0—60 cm土壤C/N、C/P和N/P分别为15.8—21.7、28.0—72.2和1.6—4.2,平均值分别为17.6、45.7和2.6;下游段湿地0—60 cm土壤C/N、C/P和N/P分别为13.5—19.8、63.6—125.4和4.2—6.3,平均值分别为16.4、90.5和5.5;不同河段湿地的3种比值表现为不同的变化趋势,土壤C/N为上游段湿地>中游段湿地>下游段湿地,C/P为下游段湿地>上游段湿地>中游段湿地,N/P为下游段湿地>中游段湿地>上游段湿地;单一河段湿地不同土壤剖面C/N、C/P和N/P的变异性小于不同河段湿地之间的变异性;土壤水分含量和粉粒含量是影响不同河段湿地土壤C/N、C/P、N/P变化的最为关键的因子;不同河段湿地土壤C/N和N/P对厌氧碳分解过程具有良好的指示作用。     

Soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties in mitigation wetlands created in the Piedmont region of Virginia (USA)

Wetland creation is a common practice for compensatory mitigation in the United States. Vegetation attributes have been used as a quick measure of mitigation success in most post-creation monitoring, while little attention has been paid to soils that provide the substrate for flora and fauna to establish and develop. Created wetland soils are often found not indicative of ‘hydric soil’ with a lack of development of physicochemical properties (i.e., bulk density, moisture content, and carbon and nitrogen contents) comparable to those in natural wetlands. Moreover, soil bacterial communities are rarely examined though they are integrally involved in biogeochemical functions that are critical for ecosystem development in created wetlands. We analyzed soil physicochemistry and profiled soil bacterial community structure using amplicon length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) of 16S ribosomal DNA in three relatively young wetlands (<10 years old) created in the Piedmont region of Virginia. We examined the data by site and by specific conditions of each site (i.e., induced microtopography and hydrologic regime). Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed clear clustering and significant differences both in soil physicochemistry (Global R = 0.70, p = 0.001) and in soil bacterial community profiles (Global R = 0. 77, p = 0.001) between sites. Soil physicochemistry (Global R = 1, p = 0.005) and bacterial community structure (Global R = 0.79, p = 0.005) of soils significantly differed by hydrologic regime within a wetland, but not by microtopography treatment. A significant association was found between physicochemistry and bacterial community structure in wetland soils, revealing a close link between two attributes (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.002). C/N (carbon to nitrogen) ratio was the best predictor of soil bacterial community patterns (ρ = 0.56, p = 0.001). The diversity of soil bacterial community (Shannon's H′) differed between sites with a slightly higher diversity observed in a relatively older created wetland, and seemed also fairly determined by hydrologic regime of a site, with a relatively dry site being more diverse.     

不同干扰方式下松江湿地土壤微生物群落结构和功能特征

以松江湿地为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)和BIOLOG微平板法,系统分析4种干扰方式(农业、工业、旅游和保护)对湿地土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响。结果表明,微生物对碳源利用能力由强到弱依次为:滨江湿地(保护)金河湾湿地(旅游)白鱼泡湿地(旅游)太阳岛湿地(旅游)呼兰河口湿地(农业)阿什河湿地(工业)。松江湿地土壤微生物对羧酸类、糖类和氨基酸类碳源利用率较高,而对多聚物类、酚类和胺类的利用率较低,其中羧酸类和糖类是影响微生物群落代谢功能的敏感碳源。松江湿地土壤微生物以细菌为主,占总PLFA的69.72%—80.97%,真菌次之(9. 20%—23. 51%),放线菌最少(6.77%—9.82%); Shannon多样性指数以滨江湿地最高(2.994),阿什河湿地最低(2.881)。RDA分析表明,受工业、农业干扰的阿什河湿地和呼兰河口湿地微生物群落结构与TN、NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N呈显著正相关(P0.05);受旅游干扰的太阳岛湿地微生物群落结构与pH呈显著正相关;而同样受旅游干扰的白鱼泡和金河湾湿地微生物群落结构与p H呈显著负相关;受保护的滨江湿地微生物群落结构主要受TC/TN影响。     

龙凤湿地与珰奈湿地底泥细菌古菌多样性及其对环境因子的响应

【背景】城市湿地和天然湿地受到人为扰动影响的程度显著不同。【目的】研究2种不同类型湿地底泥微生物多样性及种类的差异。【方法】采集冬夏两季城市湿地(龙凤湿地)和天然湿地(珰奈湿地)的底泥样品,使用16S rRNA基因测序技术测定底泥中细菌和古菌群落结构,分析2种湿地底泥的细菌、古菌差异及环境因素与微生物的相关性。【结果】龙凤湿地底泥中的硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)丰度显著高于珰奈湿地(P<0.05);Methanoregula在珰奈湿地底泥中的丰度高于龙凤湿地;冬季厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolinea)和甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)在珰奈湿地底泥中的丰度显著高于龙凤湿地(P<0.05)。【结论】龙凤湿地与珰奈湿地的差异主要影响湿地底泥中参与元素循环的细菌和产甲烷古菌的丰度,人为干扰和低温会降低湿地中微生物的多样性,pH、盐分和碱性磷酸酶是显著影响微生物多样性的环境因素。     

闽江河口区淡水和半咸水潮汐沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌多样性

为认识盐度对河口潮汐沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌的影响,应用PCR-RFLP技术及测序分析对闽江河口区淡水-半咸水盐度梯度上分布的4个短叶茳芏潮汐沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌群落结构进行研究。闽江河口区短叶茳芏潮汐沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌群落结构受盐度影响明显,位于下洋洲和塔礁洲的短叶茳芏潮汐淡水沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌的香农-威纳多样性指数值分别为2.81和2.65,位于蝙蝠洲和鳝鱼滩的短叶茳芏潮汐半咸水沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌香农-威纳多样性指数值分别仅为2.33和2.27。系统发育分析表明:短叶茳芏沼泽湿地土壤产甲烷菌类群主要有甲烷杆菌目(Methanobacteriales),包括Methanobacterium、Methanobrevibacter和Methanobacteriaceae;甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales),主要有Methanoregula,以及甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales),主要有Methanosarcina和Methanococcoides。闽江河口区短叶茳芏潮汐淡水沼泽湿地土壤主要的优势产甲烷菌有Methanoregula、Methanosarcina和Methanobacterium,而短叶茳芏潮汐半咸水沼泽湿地土壤主要的优势产甲烷菌则转化为仅以Methanoregula为主。     

鄂尔多斯台地盐沼滩涂湿地土壤细菌群落结构及特征

依据植被分类法将鄂尔多斯高原盐沼滩涂湿地划分为肉质耐盐草甸(B)、苔草草甸(C)、禾草草甸(D)和杂类草草甸(E)等4个植被亚型,并以盐沼裸地(A)为对照样地,共计5种盐沼滩涂湿地景观类型。运用高通量测序技术分别研究其土壤细菌群落结构特征、分布情况,以及土壤盐分与土壤细菌之间的关系。结果表明:(1) 5种盐沼滩涂湿地的土壤细菌样品共12213条OTUs,属于45个门,122个纲,365个目,663个科,1375个属,2882个种。(2)变形菌门(26.19%)是盐沼滩涂湿地平均相对丰度最高的门,其次为放线菌门(17.15%),绿弯菌门(12.62%),芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes,11.23%),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,9.38%),酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria,8.83%)厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,2.96%);芽单胞菌纲中的未定细菌(norank＿c＿Gemmatimonadetes)是丰度最高的属,平均丰度为5.75%。(3)鄂尔多斯盐沼滩涂湿地自西南向东北,空间位置相近的土壤细菌群落结构具有更大的相似性,随着土壤盐分变化,变形菌门相对...