利用微卫星标记分析蛋鸡配套系的遗传关系

选用20个微卫星标记分析了2001年和2002年引进的H高产蛋鸡配套系祖代各品系之间的遗传关系,计算杂合度、多态信息含量(PIC)、有效等位基因数、Nei氏遗传距离等统计量,分析了品系内和品系间的遗传变异,并采用非加权类平均法(UPGMA)对各品系进行聚类。结果显示：每个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数为3．250,平均有效等位基因数为2．395,20个微卫星标记共有等位基因65个,各位点的PIC在0．102—0．729之间变动,平均为0．454;各位点杂合度的变动范围是0．108—0．765,各品系杂合度的分布范围是从A2001的0．390到D2001的0．452之间,各品系的杂合度较低,群体内变异较小。配套系各品系是经过高度选育的,所以群体内变异较小,本研究结果与育种实际相符合,也从另一方面说明了品系的遗传特征能够由各微卫星位点的多态性得到真实的反映。A、B两系之间的遗传距离为0．005—0．016,遗传相似系数大于0．984;C、D两系之间的遗传距离为0．094～0．119,遗传相似系数为0．900左右。这些结果表明,A、B应为同一个品系或遗传关系非常近的两个品系,C、D是两个遗传关系较远的品系。     

五个家系吉富罗非鱼的遗传多样性分析

吉富罗非鱼是用家系选育方法获得的优良品系.该方法可避免近亲交配引起的衰退.从罗非鱼的第二代遗传图谱上选取10个微卫星标记,对吉富罗非鱼5个家系共121尾鱼进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明:各位点的等位基因数为2～6个,平均等位基因数为4;有效等位基因数1.3920～3.6689,平均有效等位基因数为2.4733;平均杂合度观测值0.5984,平均杂合度期望值0.5642.5个家系的多态信息含量从小到大以依次为22家系、25家系、59家系、49家系、31家系,均为中度多态性.家系间基因分化系数(GST)为0.1676,各家系之间存在一定遗传分化.根据遗传距离采用UPGMA法对5个家系进行聚类,49家系和59家系遗传距离最小聚为一类, 它们与31家系遗传距离最远.对10个微卫星位点的基因型进行分析,结果发现在GM578位点,22家系呈其他几个家系没有的BB基因型,有望成为22家系的标记.     

我国东北地区3个群体DYS390多态位点的遗传学研究

目的　研究中国群体Y染色体微卫星位点 DYS390遗传多态性 ,可以用于追溯人类进化上的父系祖先 ,也可以为人类基因组和法医学等研究积累数据。方法　采用 PCR技术扩增微卫星DNA片段 ,再经变性凝胶电泳及银染方法 ,对我国东北地区汉族、蒙古族及朝鲜族 3个群体的1 0 2例男性个体的 DYS390位点的遗传多态性进行了研究。结果　除汉族群体发现 5种等位基因外 ,朝鲜族和蒙古族群体均检出 4种。在汉族群体中 ,我们检出 1例具223bp等位基因。等位基因频率分布在汉族、朝鲜族以211bp的频率为最高 ,分别为0.439和0.451 ;而蒙古族群体则以215bp的频率为最高 (0.433)。结论　 3个群体之间 DYS390位点等位基因频率无显著性差异 ( Fisher精确概率检验 :P=0.930 )。 3个群体中DYS390位点 5种等位基因的分化程度以223bp为最高 ,分化程度最低的为211bp。聚类分析表明3个群体的父系亲缘关系较为密切 ,其中以汉族与朝鲜族之间的遗传距离最近。     

秦川母牛群体遗传特性的微卫星标记研究

为了从DNA分子水平揭示秦川牛群体遗传多态性和群体遗传结构,寻找可用于秦川牛的微卫星标记,本研究选择了12个普通牛（Bos taurus）微卫星标记检测了90头秦川母牛各微卫星位点的遗传变异及多态性。结果表明,在秦川母牛群体中,12个微卫星位点共检测到了247个等位基因,各位点的等位基因数在13（INRA005）～33个（HEL13）之间,平均每个微卫星位点的等位基因数为21个;总有效等位基因数和平均每个位点平均有效等位基因数（Ne）分别分为142．6229和11．8852。各位点平均基因频率取样方差（V（pij））为2．6036×10^-4。12个微卫星位点平均观察杂合度（Ho）和平均期望杂合度（He）在0．7842（INRA005）～0．9775（BM315）和0．7952（BM315）～0．9446（HEL13）之间。12个位点平均多态信息含量（PIC）在0．7653（INRA005）～0．9420（HEL13）之间,平均为0．8965．12个微卫星位点均属于高度多态位点,这表明秦川母牛群体中所检测各微卫星位点具有丰富的遗传多态性,具备较大的选择潜力。12个微卫星位点的平均固定指数（F）为-0．0076,即各位点杂合子的缺陷度不高,即偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡的程度不大。     

广西本地鲢和长丰鲢群体遗传多样性分析

本研究采用32个微卫星标记分析广西本地鲢和长丰鲢两个群体的遗传差异,计算并统计其微卫星遗传参数。结果显示:32个微卫星标记广西本地鲢鱼和长丰鲢群体共检测到等位基因119个,其中两群体所共有为88个;平均观测等位基因数为2.937 5和3.406 2;平均有效等位基因数为1.787 3和2.074 7;多态信息含量(PIC)在0～0.727 1和0～0.748 4之间,平均值为0.293 6和0.360 0,表明两个群体的遗传多样性均不高。两群体平均观测杂合度为0.373 9和0.559 7,平均期望杂合度为0.327 1和0.413 3,均表现为本地鲢群体低于长丰鲢群体,说明两个群体的均不高,并且广西本地鲢群体的遗传多样性低于长丰鲢群体;两个鲢鱼群体间的遗传距离和遗传相似系数分别为0.297 7和0.742 5,表明两个鲢鱼群体间的遗传差异不大。两个群体的遗传分化系数(Fst)在不同微卫星位点间差异明显,平均0.171 7。本研究为广西地方鱼类种质资源保护和利用提供了理论依据。     

版纳小耳猪近交系5家系35个微卫星座位的遗传分析

利用35个微卫星座位对版纳小耳猪近交系5个家系进行了遗传检测。统计各家系的等位基因组成,计算各家系的平均基因纯合率,利用基因频率计算出各家系的平均杂合度及品系间的遗传距离,并进行系统聚类。结果表明各家系的平均基因纯合度均较高,其151家系达到88.79％;PIC（多态信息含量）和平均杂合度均较普通商品猪低;各家系等位基因组成差别较大;各家系间亲缘关系与其近交过程一致,据此认为版纳小耳猪近交系5家系均具有较高的近交程度;其基因多态性和遗传多样性较普通商品猪低;各家系均已构成独立遗传群体。     

意大利蜜蜂产浆性状10个微卫星位点的遗传分析

我国培育成功的世界上蜂王浆产量最高的蜂种（Ea）是从20世纪30年代引进我国的意大利蜜蜂（Eb）中选育的。采用10个微卫星位点对蜂王浆高产蜜蜂、原种意大利蜜蜂（Ee）和本地意大利蜜蜂进行研究,以探明由于人工选择和地理隔离造成的其分子进化上的一些特征。结果,10个微卫星位点在3个蜂种中共扩增到96个等位基因,其中有48个等位基因是不同的,表明10个微卫星位点在3个蜂种中的高度多态性,而且由于人工选择和地理隔离已造成3蜂种在遗传基础上的一些分化。3蜂种的多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0．57、0．50、0．57,杂合度分别为0．60、0．57、0．61,二者均无显著差异。遗传距离的分析结果显示,Ee和Eb（0．14）、Eb和Ea（0．16）之间的遗传距离较近,而Ea和Ee（0.25）之间的遗传距离较远。等位基因频率的分析结果表明,6个位点的7个等位基因的频率（A29的159bp、A24的100bp和104bp、A7的110bp、A43的126bp、A14的221bp和A113的221bp）以Ee、Eb、Ea的顺序递增,Ea的这7个等位基因频率分别显著高于Ee和Eb。同时4个位点的4个等位基因的频率（A24的106bp、A43的140bp;A113的215bp和A14的219bp）以Ea、Eb、Ee的Ⅲ页序下降,Ea在这4个位点的频率分别显著低于Eb和Ee。这些位点的等位基因可能与蜂王浆产量有关。     

菲律宾蛤仔EST-SSRs标记开发及不同地理群体遗传多样性

利用13对微卫星引物对大连、莆田、青岛3个地理群体蛤仔遗传多样性进行了检测。结果表明:13个基因座共检测到154个等位基因,每个座位检测到的等位基因数在2-7个之间,平均有效等位基因数为2.7657;3个群体平均观测杂合度分别为0.4387、0.4194、0.2383,平均期望杂合度分别为0.6488、0.6484、0.5526;群体间的遗传多样性差异不显著(P＞0.05)。NJ聚类结果显示大连和莆田群体的蛤仔亲缘关系较近,二者与青岛群体关系较远。3个群体均有不同程度的偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡现象,表明各群体基因频率和基因型频率的稳定性相对较低。本研究所获得的微卫星标记的多态信息含量(PIC)>0.5,说明这些微卫星位点的多样性较高,可为下一步遗传图谱构建研究提供参考。     

长江中上游两个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

对长江中上游2个鲢群体使用39个微卫星标记进行了遗传多样性分析, 计算并统计了平均观测等位基因数、平均有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、遗传杂合度、Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数、遗传相似系数、遗传距离等遗传参数。结果表明: 万州鲢和监利鲢群体所检测微卫星位点的平均观测等位基因数分别为6.128和4.974; 平均有效等位基因数分别为4.107和3.395; 多态位点百分率分别为100和94.87; 39个微卫星标记共有等位基因259个, 173个等位基因为两群体所共有; 多态微卫星位点的PIC在0.077~0.865之间变动,平均为0.617; 两群体所检测位点平均观测杂合度为0.834和0.775, 平均期望杂合度为0.713和0.623; 两个群体间的遗传相似系数为0.618, 群体间的遗传距离为0.482。结果显示长江中上游两个鲢群体间存在显著遗传分化, 应隶属于不同的种群。     

野生与人工驯养长爪沙鼠群体遗传结构比较分析

目的探索野生与人工驯养的长爪沙鼠群体遗传状况。方法采用12个微卫星引物,对银川与呼和浩特地区捕获的野生长爪沙鼠群体和首都医科大学人工驯养20余年的长爪沙鼠群体的遗传结构进行比较分析。结果12个微卫星位点中有等位基因29个,3个群体的平均等位基因数分别为2.4167、2.2500、2.2500,平均有效等位基因数分别为1.7505、1.7195、1.6968;有11个微卫星位点呈现多态,多态位点百分率分别为91.67%、83.33%、83.33%,香隆指数分别为0.6239、0.5962、0.5591;平均观测杂合度分别为0.5231、0.5051、0.4825,平均期望杂合度分别为0.4008、0.3882、0.3655;银川和首医群体之间的遗传距离最大,为0.1033;呼和浩特和首医群体之间的距离最小,为0.0592。结论3个群体处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,3个群体之间及与总体之间的遗传结构差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。     

Microsatellite DNA polymorphism divergence in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces highly resistant to Fusarium head blight

Genetic differences between 20 Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces highly resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and 4 wheat lines highly susceptible to FHB were evaluated by means of microsatellite markers, in order to select suitable parents for gene mapping studies. Thirty-nine out of 40 microsatellite markers (97.5%) were polymorphic among the 24 wheat genotypes. A total of 276 alleles were detected at the 40 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 16, with an average of 6.9 alleles. Among these microsatellite loci, the largest polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.914 (GWM484), while the lowest PIC value was 0 (GWM24). The mean genetic similarity index among the 24 genotypes was 0.419, ranging from 0.103 to 0.673. Clustering analysis indicated that the highly susceptible synthetic wheat line RSP was less genetically related to and more divergent from the Chinese highly resistant landraces. These results were useful in the identification of suitable parents for the development of mapping populations for tagging the FHB resistance genes among these Chinese wheat landraces.     

基于转录组测序的大熊猫多态性微卫星标记筛选

结合已公布的大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca基因组和本实验室所测6只大熊猫的转录组数据,筛选多态性微卫星位点并分析其组成及特征。结果显示:共获得326个多态性微卫星位点,其中二碱基多态性微卫星最多,共228个,占69.93%;三、四、五、六碱基所占比例分别为9.51%、14.11%、5.21%、1.22%。根据分析结果中缺失率与标准差2项指标以及位点序列长度,选取20个多态性二碱基微卫星位点,用于25只大熊猫个体血液DNA进行PCR验证并做后续分析。结果表明:不同位点的等位基因数为2~8,平均等位基因数为3.70,观测杂合度、期望杂合度分别为0~1.000、0.280~0.784,平均值分别为0.472和0.532。在Bonferroni校正后,证实4个位点显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡,所有位点未观察到显著连锁不平衡(P>0.01)。20个位点多态信息含量(PIC)在0.246~0.734,其中具有高度多态性的位点9个(PIC>0.50),11个位点呈中度多态性(0.25相似文献   

猪F2设计资源家系中4条染色体微卫星标记分析

利用中国地方猪种蓝塘猪(16头母猪)与外来品种长白猪(8头公猪)按F2设计建立资源家系, 根据美国肉畜中心(USDA-MARC 2.0)公布的猪连锁图谱, 在1、4、7和8号染色体上间隔10~20 cM选择一个微卫星标记, 共31个标记, 采用WAVEÒ核苷酸片段分析系统和ABI 377 DNA序列分析仪检测资源群体的P、F1和F2代个体微卫星的基因型, 对其基因频率、杂合度和多态信息含量等进行统计分析。结果发现: 利用ABI 377检测的猪1、4和8号染色体上的有效微卫星标记21个, 其中13个标记的18个等位基因片段大小超过了网上已报道的结果, 发现新等位基因的标记占62%; 在31个微卫星标记中, 杂合度(h)在0.043~0.7855之间, 总平均杂合度为0.6460, 其中70%座位的h>0.60; 总平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.5949, 有77.4%位点的PIC>0.5。统计分析结果表明, 选用的微卫星标记能够较好地提供标记信息, 为进一步在该家系中进行猪重要性状的QTL定位打下了良好的基础。     

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Cryptomeria japonica D.Don

Thirty four microsatellite markers for Cryptomeria japonica D. Don were developed by searching three types of library: a database of C. japonica cDNA sequences, a standard non-enriched genomic DNA library and a microsatellite-enriched library using magnetic particles. The enrichment of microsatellite sequences using magnetic particles is very efficient compared to the other two methods both in terms of the numbers of markers generated, and in the polymorphism they detect. The microsatellites developed from the genomic DNA library generally have longer repeat sequences and are more polymorphic than those from cDNA. All the developed microsatellite markers in this study showed polymorphism among 28 plus trees selected from locations scattered throughout Japan. The mean number of alleles per locus (MNA) detected in the 28 plus trees ranged from 2 to 21 with an average of 7.5. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.160 to 0.936 with an average of 0.666. Co-dominant segregation of alleles in a three-generation pedigree of C. japonica was demonstrated at 34 microsatellite loci, and the segregation was not distorted from Mendelian expectation for all loci. In 12 out of 34 loci, a null allele was detected. Key relationships between polymorphic parameters, such as MNA and PIC, and the characteristics of microsatellite sequences, such as the longest repeat number, total repeat number and total number of nucleotides, were investigated using rank correlation coefficients, Kendall's tau. A positive correlation was found between repeat lengths and polymorphisms. The markers provide sufficient resolution for investigating gene flow within forests and seed orchards, and for genome mapping.     

Isolation and characterization of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci for Euchiloglanis kishinouyei

A total of 16 novel polymorphic microsatellite marker loci were isolated from a genomic library of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei and further characterized using a sample from a wild population consisting of 40 individuals. The number of alleles among loci ranged from three to 17 and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0·030 to 0·950 and 0·163 to 0·980, respectively. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) of all loci was 0·450.     

蛇鳄龟微卫星标记的开发及一个养殖群体的遗传多样性分析

利用磁珠富集法, 以生物素标记的(CA)15为探针, 构建了蛇鳄龟(Chelydra serpentina L.)微卫星富集文库。通过PCR法从富集文库中共筛选出70条微卫星序列, 一共设计了48对微卫星引物, 采用PCR扩增的方法从中筛选出36对引物, 对一个蛇鳄龟养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析。通过分析, 36个位点获得的等位基因数从29不等, 平均为4.361, 有效等位基因为1.4617.767, 平均为3.498。等位基因片段大小为56342 bp, 观测杂合度为0.0671.000, 平均为0.725; 期望杂合度为0.3160.850, 平均0.600; 多态信息含量为0.26550.8359, 平均为0.5573; 结果表明此蛇鳄龟养殖群体存在较高的遗传多样性水平。群体内固定系数-0.6880.856, 平均为-0.214, 说明蛇鳄龟群体中杂合子过剩。       

东平湖麦穗鱼群体遗传结构的微卫星标记分析

利用微卫星标记技术,采用26对鲤微卫星引物对山东东平湖麦穗鱼进行全基因组扫描.结果表明,有13对引物能获得稳定的特异性条带(占总数的50%),其中有6个微卫星位点具有多态性(占总数的23.1%).6个多态位点共检测到22个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数从2个到7个不等,大小在80～406bp之间;平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.5115,平均观测杂合度(H0)为0.6812,平均期望杂合度(HE)为0.5775.研究结果表明,东平湖麦穗鱼群体遗传多样性较丰富,种群结构合理,种质资源处于安全状态.     

Characterization of 35 novel microsatellite DNA markers from the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) genome and cross-amplification in other birds

In order to study duck microsatellites, we constructed a library enriched for (CA)n, (CAG)n, (GCC)n and (TTTC)n. A total of 35 pairs of primers from these microsatellites were developed and used to detect polymorphisms in 31 unrelated Peking ducks. Twenty-eight loci were polymorphic and seven loci were monomorphic. A total of 117 alleles were observed from these polymorphic microsatellite markers, which ranged from 2 to 14 with an average of 4.18 per locus. The frequencies of the 117 alleles ranged from 0.02 to 0.98. The highest heterozygosity (0.97) was observed at the CAUD019 microsatellite locus and the lowest heterozygosity (0.04) at the CAUD008 locus, and 11 loci had heterozygosities greater than 0.50 (46.43%). The polymorphism information content (PIC) of 28 loci ranged from 0.04 to 0.88 with an average of 0.42. All the above markers were used to screen the polymorphism in other bird species. Two markers produced specific monomorphic products with the chicken DNA. Fourteen markers generated specific fragments with the goose DNA: 5 were polymorphic and 9 were monomorphic. But no specific product was detected with the peacock DNA. Based on sequence comparisons of the flanking sequence and repeat, we conclude that 2 chicken loci and 14 goose loci were true homologous loci of the duck loci. The microsatellite markers identified and characterized in the present study will contribute to the genetic map, quantitative traits mapping, and phylogenetic analysis in the duck and goose.     

Isolation and characterization of twenty-one polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana)

Twenty-one microsatellite loci were isolated from AC-enriched library of Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana). The number of alleles at the 21 microsatellite loci ranged from 8 to 15, with an average of 12.2 per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.805 to 0.910 with an average of 0.873. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.208 to 0.792 and from 0.843 to 0.938, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be useful for future studies that relate to the genetic diversity and population structure of Tibetan macaque.     

Isolation and characterization of twenty-one polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Tibetan macaque (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Macaca thibetana</Emphasis>)

Twenty-one microsatellite loci were isolated from AC-enriched library of Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana). The number of alleles at the 21 microsatellite loci ranged from 8 to 15, with an average of 12.2 per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.805 to 0.910 with an average of 0.873. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.208 to 0.792 and from 0.843 to 0.938, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be useful for future studies that relate to the genetic diversity and population structure of Tibetan macaque.