人肺炎链球菌快速检测胶体金试纸的研制

[目的]研制一种快速检测人肺炎链球菌(S. pneumoniae)的免疫胶体金层析试纸。[方法]对肺炎链球菌表面蛋白A(pneumococcal surface protein A,PspA)基因序列(Gen Bank:U89711)作生物信息学分析,选取抗原表位强、种内同源性高的片段克隆表达纯化重组蛋白rPspA,并免疫BALB/c小鼠制备单克隆抗体;以双抗夹心法制备胶体金免疫层析试纸,并对其特异性、灵敏度以及稳定性进行验证分析。[结果]制备的胶体金试纸对rPspA最低检测限达到0. 1pg/m L,可在15min内完成对肺炎链球菌的检测,与其他10种重要呼吸道病原菌无交叉反应;试纸条在25℃条件下保存6个月仍具有良好的重复性和稳定性。[结论]PspA蛋白具有高度的表面暴露性和较强的抗原性,可作为Sp的检测标志物,以其抗体为基础制备的胶体金免疫层析试纸,适用于Sp菌感染的临床快速检测。     

胶体金免疫层析法检测猪链球菌2型的研究

目的:制备胶体金免疫层析试纸检测猪链球菌2型.方法:用柠檬酸盐还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记猪链球菌2型多克隆抗体,通过免疫层析作用对猪链球菌2型进行检测,并对试纸条的敏感性、特异性、稳定性进行评价.结果:每毫升胶体金最佳抗体标记量为22μg/mL,最佳包被抗体浓度为2 mg/mL,最佳BSA封闭浓度为1.5%,建立的胶体金免疫层析试纸条栓出猪链球菌2型的下限为106 CFU/mL,从检测到结果判断时间为5～15 min,与其他常见致病菌及链球菌属中15个群无交叉反应.结论:获得了检测猪链球菌2型的胶体金免疫层析试纸,该法操作简便,灵敏度高,特异性强,可用于猪链球菌的快速初筛和检测.     

神经元特异性烯醇酶和癌胚抗原胶体金免疫层析联合检测

目的:应用双抗夹心胶体金免疫层析方法,实现对神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和癌胚抗原(CEA)两种肺癌肿瘤标志物的快速联合检测。方法:采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备20nm胶体金颗粒,并分别对鼠抗NSE、CEA单克隆抗体进行标记,分别与之相配对的另一种单克隆抗体被喷在硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)上,制成免疫层析检测试条。溶液中的抗原NSE、CEA与金标记抗体结合后沿着硝酸纤维素膜移动,与膜上固定的抗体结合形成肉眼可见的红色线条。结果:该试纸条只与NSE、CEA有特异性反应,与CA125、CYFRA21-1、TPA等肺癌标志物无交叉反应。标准样品中两种抗原的检测灵敏度分别可达到5ng/mL和3ng/mL。结论:胶体金免疫层析技术检测NSE、CEA特异性强、灵敏度高、简便快速,不需特殊仪器设备,有广泛应用价值。     

布鲁菌核糖体蛋白L7/L12的表达纯化及生物活性鉴定

目的:原核表达系统表达布鲁菌核糖体蛋白L7/L12与GST的融合蛋白GST-L7/L12,并纯化蛋白L7/L12,建立检测特异性抗体的间接ELISA方法。方法:对含有L7/L12的原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-L7/L12进行了原核表达。利用亲和层析柱分别纯化融合蛋白GST-L7/L12和蛋白L7/L12,并用SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析鉴定。以L7/L12为抗原包被微量板,优化抗原包被浓度和羊抗鼠IgG-HRP稀释度,建立间接ELISA方法,并检测其特异性。结果:SDS-PAGE结果显示在相对分子质量为38000和12000处可见纯化蛋白的条带,Western印迹分析表明这2条带均能被免疫兔血清识别,表明获得了纯化的有生物活性的融合蛋白GST-L7/L12和蛋白L7/L12。间接ELISA方法的L7/L12抗原包被浓度为5μg/mL,羊抗鼠酶标二抗稀释度为1∶1000。小鼠免疫血清与L7/L12抗原出现阳性反应,而与布鲁菌融合蛋白OMP31、结核分枝杆菌抗原85b及牛血清白蛋白则呈阴性。结论:成功地对布鲁菌核糖体蛋白L7/L12进行了原核表达和纯化,以其为基础建立的间接ELISA方法稳定且特异。     

神经元特异性烯醇酶和癌胚抗原胶体金免疫层析联合检测

目的：应用双抗夹心胶体金免疫层析方法,实现对神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和癌胚抗原（CEA）两种肺癌肿瘤标志物的快速联合检测。方法：采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备20nm胶体金颗粒,并分别对鼠抗NSE、CEA单克隆抗体进行标记,分别与之相配对的另一种单克隆抗体被喷在硝酸纤维素膜（NC膜）上,制成免疫层析检测试条。溶液中的抗原NSE、CEA与金标记抗体结合后沿着硝酸纤维素膜移动,与膜上固定的抗体结合形成肉眼可见的红色线条。结果：该试纸条只与NSE、CEA有特异性反应,与CA125、CYFRA21-1、TPA等肺癌标志物无交叉反应。标准样品中两种抗原的检测灵敏度分别可达到5ng/mL和3ng/mL。结论：胶体金免疫层析技术检测NSE、CEA特异性强、灵敏度高、简便快速,不需特殊仪器设备,有广泛应用价值。     

赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮-二联胶体金免疫层析试纸条的制备及应用

【背景】真菌毒素为真菌的有毒次级代谢产物,混合污染时毒性显著增强,可对人类和动物健康造成严重伤害。制备二联胶体金免疫层析试纸条,实现对常见真菌毒素混合污染的快速监测,具有重要意义。【目的】制备赭曲霉毒素A (Ochratoxin A,OTA)和玉米赤霉烯酮(Zeralenone,ZEN)金标单克隆抗体,基于免疫层析原理,采用竞争反应模式,建立二联胶体金免疫层析检测法用于污染样品中OTA和ZEN的同时快速检测。【方法】采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,并标记获得两种真菌毒素金标单克隆抗体,通过优化相关条件,建立稳定的二联胶体金免疫层析检测方法,用于同时检测谷物和饲料样品中的OTA和ZEN。【结果】制备的OTA和ZEN二联胶体金试纸条对OTA和ZEN的检测限分别为0.625 ng/mL和1.25 ng/mL,且与谷物和饲料中其它真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1、伏马毒素B1、桔青霉毒素、展青霉毒素和呕吐毒素)均无交叉反应,人工添加试验结果准确。对天然样本检测结果表明该方法与LC-MS/MS一致性良好。【结论】本研究制备的二联胶体金试纸条可用于实际样品中OTA和ZEN的同时快速筛查。     

心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白胶体金检测试纸条的制备和初步应用

目的应用胶体金免疫层析法制备检测全血或血清样本中心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）的检测试纸条,用于急性心肌梗塞（AMI）的早期辅助诊断。方法采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金,标记鼠抗心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白单克隆抗体,喷于玻璃纤维膜上制成胶体金结合物垫,将另一株鼠抗心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白单克隆抗体和抗鼠二抗分别包被检测线和质控线,组装成试纸条进行灵敏性、特异性、精密性、稳定性及临床样品检测。结果该试纸条的检测灵敏度为10ng／mL,15min内可判定结果;与肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白、肌酸激酶、人心肌肌红蛋白无交叉反应。检测240份临床标本,与临床诊断结果进行配对分析,阳性符合率95．83％、阴性符合率100％、总符合率97．92％。结论制备的H-FABP检测试纸条有良好的灵敏性、特异性,可用于早期AMI的辅助诊断。     

流感嗜血杆菌快速检测胶体金试纸的研制

以流感嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P 6为检测标志物,利用胶体金免疫层析技术建立一种快速、灵敏、准确检测流感嗜血杆菌的方法。对P6蛋白(GenBank登录号:AGH02799)进行生物信息学分析,获取其胞外结构域中抗原表位最丰富的肽段,预测其中的线性抗原表位P6Line (62–75 aa),化学合成后经免疫、抗体纯化得到线性表位抗体,同时利用重组P6蛋白制备多克隆抗体,建立基于双抗体夹心免疫层析技术的流感嗜血杆菌快速检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏性、重复性和稳定性作出评价,同时对该方法进行临床模拟试验,平板培养法验证其准确性。建立的检测方法可在15 min内完成对样本的检测,检测敏感度高(1×10~5 CFU/mL)、特异性强,与其他诸如肺炎链球菌、卡他莫拉菌、肺炎支原体、嗜肺军团菌等常见9种的呼吸道病原菌无交叉反应;试纸条在25℃保存具有良好的重复性和稳定性;200份临床样品检测结果与平板培养法的阳性符合率为90.5%。P6蛋白具有高度的表面暴露性和较强的抗原性,可作为流感嗜血杆菌检测标的物,胶体金免疫层析法具有快速、简便、灵敏的特点,适用于呼吸道感染的临床快速检测。     

青霉素结合蛋白2a单克隆抗体的研制和初步应用

目的研制青霉素结合蛋白2a(PBP2a)单克隆抗体(Mc Ab),为建立耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)免疫层析检测方法提供检测用抗体。方法以基因工程抗原r PBP2a免疫BALb/c小鼠,通过常规小鼠B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体,采用免疫印迹技术(Western blotting)分析单克隆抗体特异性。选取敏感、特异的单克隆抗体进行金标记和硝酸纤维膜包被,建立胶体金免疫层析检测方法。结果共获得11株分泌抗r PBP2a的杂交瘤细胞,其中6株分泌的单克隆抗体能够与天然PBP2a呈阳性反应。用其中2株单克隆抗体建立的PBP2a胶体金免疫层析方法,可在5~20 min内完成检测。结论获得了特异性针对PBP2a蛋白的单克隆抗体,并初步建立了检测PBP2a蛋白的胶体金免疫层析检测方法,为临床快速、简便检测产生PBP2a的细菌提供了检测方法。     

纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法定量检测人绒毛膜促性腺激素

目的:应用纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法研制用于早孕检测的快速定量层析试纸条。方法:应用EDC/NHS法标记纳米磁珠、Biodot喷膜仪喷点NC膜、双抗体加心法建立免疫层析试纸条、对磁信号进行检测并与ELISA实验做对比,并对结果进行评价。结果:建立了HCG纳米磁性免疫层析试纸条,检测到底线为1miu/ml的HCG抗原,检测灵敏度达到了同类产品ELISA分析法的标准;用此方法与商品化免疫胶体金试纸条对临床样本进行检测,检测符合率达99%,与ELISA法比较符合率达100%,且检测时间控制在5min以内。结论:该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,不仅可以应用于HCG的检测,同时为体内极微量抗原抗体的快速检测建立了新模式。     

布鲁氏菌L7/L12蛋白的基因克隆与原核表达

本研究对羊布鲁氏菌L7/L12蛋白进行了表达和纯化。首先从布鲁氏菌M5基因组中克隆L7/L12目的基因片段,连接至pMD-19T载体,转化入E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,PCR鉴定及测序鉴定正确后对其进行双酶切,构建重组质粒pGEX-6P-1-L7/L12并利用E.coli BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。羊布鲁氏菌L7/L12基因片段大小为375 bp。SDS-PAGE检测蛋白大小为13 kD,与预测值相符。Western blotting方法检测其免疫学特性。实验结果表明,成功构建了pGEX-6P-1-L7/L12原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中成功表达了L7/L12重组蛋白,Western blotting法检测其具有免疫反应。本实验为下一步研究蛋白功能及布鲁氏菌新型疫苗的研制提供了实验基础。     

Identification and nucleotide sequence of Brucella melitensis L7/L12 ribosomal protein

Abstract DNA sequencing of the gene encoding a Brucella melitensis 12-kDa protein revealed that this protein was the ribosomal protein L7/L12. The B. melitensis L7/L12 DNA sequence was identical to that of the corresponding B. abortus gene, showing the near identity of these two organisms. When comparing the sequence of this protein to that of other organisms some domains were highly conserved, especially the C-terminus, which contrasted with the lack of conservation of the sequences at the N-terminus. The finding that the ribosomal protein L7/L12 of Brucella is an immunodominant antigen provides a new rationale to explain the activity of ribosomal vaccines.     

The L7/L12 proteins change their conformation upon interaction of EF-G with ribosomes

The different functional complexes of ribosomes with elongation factor F (EF-G) were studied by digestion experiments with trypsin. It was found that upon interaction of EF-G with ribosomes the L7/L12 proteins are sensitive to trypsin and are trypsin resistant after dissociation of EF-G from ribosomes. The significance of conformational alterations in the L7/L12 and also in the other proteins in the translation process is discussed.     

The hinge region of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L7/L12 is required for factor binding and GTP hydrolysis

A variant form of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L7/L12 that lacked residues 42 to 52 (L7/L12 Δ42–52) in the hinge region was shown previously to be completely inactive in supporting polyphenylalanine synthesis although it bound to L7/L12 deficient core particles with the normal stoichiometry of four copies per particle (Oleinikov AV, Perroud B, Wang B, Traut RR (1993) J Biol Chem, 268, 917–922). The result suggested that the hinge confers flexibility that is required for activity because the resulting bent conformation allows the distal C-terminal domain to occupy a location on the body of the large ribosomal subunit proximal to the base of the L7/L12 stalk where elongation factors bind. Factor binding to the hinge-truncated variant was tested. As an alternative strategy to deleting residues from the hinge, seven amino acid residues within the putative hinge region were replaced by seven consecutive proline residues in an attempt to confer increased rigidity that might reduce or eliminate the bending of the molecule inferred to be functionally important. This variant, L7/L12: (Pro)₇, remained fully active in protein synthesis. Whereas the binding of both factors in ribosomes containing L7/L12:Δ42–52 was decreased by about 50%, there was no loss of factor binding in ribosomes containing L7/L12:(Pro)₇, as predicted from the retention of protein synthesis activity. The factor:ribosome complexes that contained L7/L12:Δ42–52 had the same low level of GTP hydrolysis as the core particles completely lacking L7/L12 and EF-G did not support translocation measured by the reaction of phe-tRNA bounds in hr Asite with puromycin. It is concluded that the hinge region is required for the functionally productive binding of elongation factors, and the defect in protein synthesis reported previously is due to this defect. The variant produced by the introduction of the putative rigid Pro₇ sequence retains sufficient flexibility for full activity.     

丁香(Syringa L.)种间杂交幼胚离体培养研究

采用幼胚离体培养方法克服幼胚败育从而直接获得杂种实生苗,对影响丁香幼胚培养成功的各种因子作了较系统的研究.结果表明,丁香幼胚培养的最适培养基为Monnier;最佳糖浓度为50g·L^-1;幼胚在50～60d胚龄时培养最容易成功;加入适量的椰乳、谷氨酰胺或谷氨酸及活性炭可以促进幼胚的萌发和生长.低浓度(0.01mg·L^-1)BA的加入可以提高幼胚的萌发率;NAA浓度以0.01mg·L^-1为最佳.     

Immunogenic assessment of plant‐produced human papillomavirus type 16 L1/L2 chimaeras

Cervical cancer is caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and is a global concern, particularly in developing countries, which have ~80% of the burden. HPV L1 virus‐like particle (VLP) type–restricted vaccines prevent new infections and associated disease. However, their high cost has limited their application, and cytological screening programmes are still required to detect malignant lesions associated with the nonvaccine types. Thus, there is an urgent need for cheap second‐generation HPV vaccines that protect against multiple types. The objective of this study was to express novel HPV‐16 L1‐based chimaeras, containing cross‐protective epitopes from the L2 minor capsid protein, in tobacco plants. These L1/L2 chimaeras contained epitope sequences derived from HPV‐16 L2 amino acid 108–120, 56–81 or 17–36 substituted into the C‐terminal helix 4 (h4) region of L1 from amino acid 414. All chimaeras were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana via an Agrobacterium‐mediated transient system and targeted to chloroplasts. The chimaeras were highly expressed with yields of ~1.2 g/kg plant tissue; however, they assembled differently, indicating that the length and nature of the L2 epitope affect VLP assembly. The chimaera containing L2 amino acids 108–120 was the most successful candidate vaccine. It assembled into small VLPs and elicited anti‐L1 and anti‐L2 responses in mice, and antisera neutralized homologous HPV‐16 and heterologous HPV‐52 pseudovirions. The other chimaeras predominantly assembled into capsomeres and other aggregates and elicited weaker humoral immune responses, demonstrating the importance of VLP assembly for the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines.     

药用寄生植物菟丝子属,列当属和无根藤属氨基酸的分析

本文测定了菟丝子属、列当属和无根藤属某些种的种子和植株氨基酸的种类组成和含量。结果表明,3个属种子和植株氨基酸均在15种以上,且含量丰富,特别是必需氨基酸的含量较高。文中讨论了氨基酸的药用和在种子鉴定与化学分类上的作用,探讨了开发应用的前景。