三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层颜色遗传规律初步研究

为了探明三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)贝壳珍珠层颜色的遗传规律,为珍珠层颜色的选择育种提供理论指导,利用三角帆蚌紫色和白色选育品系进行自交和正反杂交,建立了白色♂×白色♀、白色♂×紫色♀、紫色♂×白色♀和紫色♂×紫色♀4个交配组合,统计分析了每个交配组合子代的珍珠层颜色分离情况。结果显示,白色自交组合的子代贝壳珍珠层颜色全部表现为白色,没有发生颜色分离;杂交组合的子代珍珠层颜色出现两种情况,一是全部表现为紫色,二是颜色发生分离,且紫色和白色个体比例符合1︰1的比例关系;紫色自交组合的子代珍珠层颜色也出现两种情况,一是全部表现为紫色,二是颜色分离出紫色和白色,且比例符合3︰1的比例关系。结果表明,三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层颜色受遗传基因控制,可以稳定遗传,属质量性状。珍珠层紫色性状对白色性状为显性,两种颜色性状均不存在母性遗传。白色个体为隐性纯合体,选育纯化较为容易,而紫色个体既有显性纯合体又有杂合体,选育纯化相对较困难。     

x射线荧光光谱对天然彩色珍珠层的元素分析

在安徽省有关地区,我们从大量的三角帆蚌Hyriopsis cumingii(Lea)和褶纹冠蚌Cristaria plicata(Leach)的蚌壳中,见到了一些珍珠层的颜色各不相同的个体(即蚌壳),如白色、紫莲色等等。此外,同一个体的不同部位,其珍珠层的颜色,也不完全一样。对于这种复杂的自然现象,我们认为,需要通过多方面的研究,     

珍珠颜色和贝壳珍珠层颜色研究进展

颜色及其色度均一性是衡量珍珠价值的重要指标之一。珍珠颜色及贝壳珍珠层颜色的研究涉及多个学科领域,研究表明,珍珠的颜色与制片蚌外套膜对应的珍珠层颜色相一致,而蚌的珍珠层颜色主要由遗传因素决定。现有的研究资料对珍珠层颜色形成的机理虽然还不能给出一个系统、合理的诠释,但金属元素、卟啉、类胡萝卜素和物理结构等因素可能和珍珠层颜色形成密切相关,珍珠层中含有少量以蛋白质为主的有机基质,这些蛋白调控珍珠层的结构和颜色的形成,可能是解释珍珠层颜色形成机理的关键。本文对珍珠颜色和贝壳珍珠层颜色研究进展进行系统综述,探讨珍珠颜色的影响因素及相互关联,旨在为进一步研究珍珠和贝壳珍珠层颜色提供借鉴与思路。     

基于SSR标记的海带、裙带菜的遗传构成分析

旨在通过对配子体克隆和孢子体幼苗的初代筛选,以培育出纯度更高、性状更优良的海带与裙带菜品种。以11个海带与裙带菜克隆组合为材料,在筛选出区分亲本♀与♂的数对引物的基础上,对其子代与亲本的遗传构成进行了分析。试验中共选出13对能够区分11个组合亲本♀与亲本♂的SSR标记,分析结果显示,2013年育苗的48号组合中所有子代都是其亲本的后代,49号组合中只有1个子代是其亲本的后代;2014年育苗的22号组合中所有子代都是其亲本的后代;2015年育苗的海带与裙带菜杂交组合中,36号、38号、39号与41号杂交成功,其他组合未杂交成功;2016年育苗的59号组合中有7个子代与亲本无亲缘关系。分析这11个组合中所有个体与亲本的遗传构成发现:部分个体是其亲本的后代,部分个体遗传构成与亲本不一致。     

草鱼×赤眼鳟F1与其亲本遗传性状的比较研究

采用生物统计方法,对草鱼、赤眼鳟及其杂种一代（草♀×赤♂、草♂×赤♀）的１０ 个数量性状进行统计分析,结果显示草♂×赤♀杂种的性状表现了明显的趋父性遗传,而草♀×赤♂杂种则表现了明显的趋母性遗传．用杂种指数衡量,在所测量的７ 个性状中,有５ 个偏向草鱼,只有体长／体高和脊椎骨数２ 个性状偏向赤眼鳟．这表明草鱼与赤眼鳟的杂交后代（Ｆ１）数量性状遗传受草鱼遗传因子的影响较大．     

肉白水晶彩鲫和红鲫杂交的遗传学

通过肉白水晶彩鲫(Carassius auratustransparent colored var.)和红鲫(C.a.red var.),以及后代不同杂交组合的体色遗传学研究,结果表明,肉白水晶彩鲫和红鲫杂交、肉白水晶彩鲫自交,子代全部为水晶彩鲫型;红白水晶彩鲫自交,子代表现为水晶彩鲫型和红鲫型;红鲫自交,子代全部为红鲫型。初步推断肉白水晶彩鲫是体表鸟粪素缺失型的纯合体(-/-),红鲫是体表鸟粪素完全型的纯合体( / ),红白水晶彩鲫是杂合体( /-)。鸟粪素缺失型相对完全型是显性,但它们的杂交遗传不完全符合一对等位基因的孟德尔分离规律。对照经典遗传学中金鱼的透明和正常遗传实验,发现透明鱼与肉白水晶彩鲫相似,五花鱼与红白水晶彩鲫相似,正常鱼与红鲫相似。二者的主要区别是经典遗传学依据体表将水晶彩鲫分为透明鱼和五花鱼,本研究依据体色将水晶彩鲫分为肉白色、红白色和其他色,由于分类角度的不同,一些观点和结论就产生了差异。     

三角帆蚌微卫星多重PCR体系的建立及其应用

为了提高三角帆蚌微卫星分析效率,从已开发的微卫星标记中构建了三组四重PCR,并将稳定的多重PCR体系用于56个三角帆蚌紫色选育系的遗传多样性研究。结果表明该群体的平均等位基因数18.75,平均有效等位基因数为9.010,平均多态信息含量为0.857,平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.809和0.876,香农多样性指数为2.422。运用Cervus v3.0软件对3个三角帆蚌全同胞家系共114个个体进行亲子鉴定,结果显示,使用该3组微卫星多重PCR体系进行亲子鉴定准确率为100%。该三角帆蚌微卫星多重PCR应用于三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性分析、亲子鉴定和家系管理等,可提高工作效率,降低实验成本。     

我国五大淡水湖三角帆蚌群体mtDNA CO Ⅰ基因片段变异分析

三角帆蚌（Hyriopsiscumingii）,隶属于瓣鳃纲（Lamelli—brachia）,真瓣鳃目（Eulamellibranchia）,蚌科（Uionidae）,帆蚌属（Hyriopsis）。三角帆蚌是中国特有的优质淡水育珠母蚌。随着珍珠养殖产业的发展,生产中三角帆蚌种质退化严重,筛选或培育出品质优良的三角帆蚌是当前亟需解决的关键问题之一。我国五大湖鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、太湖、巢湖和洪泽湖是三角帆蚌的主要分布区域,对五大淡水湖三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性、群体间遗传变异及亲缘关系的研究将对三角帆蚌种质资源保护和良种选育产生重要的意义。     

三角帆蚌Hc-GSK3β基因鉴定及内壳色性状相关SNP筛选

为了探究三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)糖原合成激酶-3β(GSK3β)基因对壳色的影响,研究采用RACE技术获得Hc-GSK3β基因cDNA全长1867 bp,其中包含1261 bp的ORF区编码420个氨基酸, ORF中含有一个S＿TKc结构域,该结构域序列高度保守。组织差异表达分析发现Hc-GSK3β基因在紫色蚌鳃、斧足、内脏团和边缘膜组织中表达量高于白色蚌的表达量(P<0.05),且在斧足和边缘膜表达差异水平达到极显著(P<0.01),而在紫色蚌闭壳肌组织中表达量显著低于白色蚌(P<0.05)。原位杂交(ISH)实验结果显示在三角帆蚌外套膜的外褶、中褶、內褶、背膜区和腹膜区均有阳性信号产生,且在外褶的信号表达较强烈。该基因经重测序比较,共鉴定出6个SNP位点,其中在C+185A位点的CA基因型在紫色蚌的分布频率显著高于白色三角帆蚌(P<0.05);在紫色蚌中, T+341G位点TT基因型三角帆蚌内壳颜色参数b值显著低于TG基因型(P<0.05)。研究表明, Hc-GSK3β基因参与了三角帆蚌壳色形成,筛选的SNP标记可用于三角帆蚌壳...     

红眼突变灰飞虱的生物学特性和交配优势

灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus是我国重要水稻害虫之一, 表型变异可能影响灰飞虱的配偶选择性和种群特性。本实验采用生命表构建法研究了红眼突变灰飞虱的繁殖力、 内禀增长率等种群生命参数, 然后以1红眼雌虫、 1红眼雄虫和1纯合黑眼雄虫（♀rr×♂rr♂BB）或1红眼雄虫、 1红眼雌虫和1纯合黑眼雌虫（♀rr♀BB×♂rr）配对模式以及不同比例红眼成虫群体配对模式研究红眼突变对灰飞虱交配竞争力的影响。结果表明红眼突变灰飞虱除若虫死亡率（17.1%）显著高于正常个体（10.3%） (P<0.05)外, 其他生物学指标如繁殖力、 卵孵化历期、 若虫发育历期、 成虫寿命、 内禀增长率等与正常个体无显著差异。但红眼突变对灰飞虱配偶选择性有一定的影响。♀rr×♂rr♂BB和♀rr♀BB×♂rr组合F1代红眼和黑眼分离比例卡方试验值为18.15和14.99, 大于理论值。当红眼与黑眼个体以2︰8比例配对时, 红眼灰飞虱雄虫存在交配优势, 其后代红眼个体数大于期望值。这些结果为进一步研究灰飞虱红眼突变机理和利用红眼基因标记研究灰飞虱遗传分化奠定了基础     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.