珍珠颜色和贝壳珍珠层颜色研究进展

颜色及其色度均一性是衡量珍珠价值的重要指标之一。珍珠颜色及贝壳珍珠层颜色的研究涉及多个学科领域,研究表明,珍珠的颜色与制片蚌外套膜对应的珍珠层颜色相一致,而蚌的珍珠层颜色主要由遗传因素决定。现有的研究资料对珍珠层颜色形成的机理虽然还不能给出一个系统、合理的诠释,但金属元素、卟啉、类胡萝卜素和物理结构等因素可能和珍珠层颜色形成密切相关,珍珠层中含有少量以蛋白质为主的有机基质,这些蛋白调控珍珠层的结构和颜色的形成,可能是解释珍珠层颜色形成机理的关键。本文对珍珠颜色和贝壳珍珠层颜色研究进展进行系统综述,探讨珍珠颜色的影响因素及相互关联,旨在为进一步研究珍珠和贝壳珍珠层颜色提供借鉴与思路。

Research Progress about the Color of Pearl and Shell Nacre

The color and uniformity of chromaticity are important indicators to measure pearl value.The study of pearl color and shell nacre color involves many disciplinary fields.Previous studies have show that the color of pearl is in line with the correspondent shell nacre color of the mantle of the donor mussel and that the shell nacre color of pearl is determined by genetic factors.Existing researches still cannot give a systematic and reasonable explanation about the mechanism of shell nacre color formation. However, it is known that metal elements, porphyrin, carotenoid, and physical structure may be closely related to the nacre color formation. A little organic matrix in the nacre, which is constituted of proteins, can control the structure of pearl nacre and the formation of color. Thus, the organic matrix may be the key factor to determine the color formation of pearl nacre. This article describes the research progress of the pearl color and the shell nacre color, discusses the influencing factor of pearl color, and proposes ideas for further in-depth study of pearl and the nacre color.