溴代2(5H)-呋喃酮对绿脓杆菌生物膜形成的抑制作用

研究溴代2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物作为细菌群体感应抑制剂.对绿脓杆菌P.aeruginosa(PA)生物膜(biofilms,BF)形成的影响.首先试验化合物对细菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC)和生长曲线,选择1/2 MIC的化合物浓度进行实验;平板培养法培养绿脓杆菌7 d.得到成熟BF,用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观察溴代2(5H)-呋喃酮对BF形态结构的影响.初步生物活性试验显示溴代2(5H).呋喃酮对革兰氏阴性菌PA的生物膜形成具有明显抑制作用,扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观察可见BF被破坏,基质样物变稀疏,细菌群聚大为降低.     

5-甲基间苯二酚对铜绿假单胞菌及其生物膜形成的影响

探讨5-甲基间苯二酚对铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aureginosa)及其生物膜形成的影响。通过微量肉汤稀释法检测铜绿假单胞菌对5-甲基间苯二酚的敏感性并绘制时间-杀菌曲线;通过微孔板培养生物膜结合结晶紫染色法检测5-甲基间苯二酚对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成和分散的影响。当5-甲基间苯二酚的浓度为512μg/mL时,可显著抑制铜绿假单胞菌PAO1生物膜的形成,而5-甲基间苯二酚对铜绿假单胞菌PA47生物膜的形成无影响。32μg/mL的5-甲基间苯二酚还能显著分散铜绿假单胞菌PAO1成熟生物膜,但无明显的剂量依赖性。不同临床菌株生物膜对5-甲基间苯二酚的敏感性各异。结果表明,5-甲基间苯二酚能抑制铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成并能分散已形成的生物膜。     

五种苦苣苔科植物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

利用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型对5种苦苣苔科植物进行活性评价,并与阳性对照Acarbose进行比较,发现5种植物不同部位均有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。其中,牛耳岩白菜石油醚部位的抑制活性最高(IC50=26.19μg/mL,活性均远大于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1081.27μg/mL)。不同植物比较,牛耳岩白菜的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最好,其3种不同溶剂提取物与Acarbose相比均有很高抑制活性;对牛耳岩白菜提取物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制动力学研究结果表明,石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用属于非竞争性抑制类型,Ki值分别为4.24和40.04μg/mL。正丁醇提取物则属于竞争性抑制类型(Ki=205.48μg/mL)     

白皮锦鸡儿黄酮醇类化合物及其抗菌和抗氧化活性(英文)

从豆科植物白皮锦鸡儿(Caragana leucophloea Pojark.)地上部分分离到3个黄酮醇类化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为3-O-甲基山奈酚(1)、3-O-甲基槲皮素(2)和槲皮素(3)。活性测定表明,1表现出较强的抗细菌活性,对大肠杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌的半抑制浓度分别为9.00μg/mL和7.42μg/mL,最低抑制浓度均为12.5μg/mL;而2和3则表现出较强的抗氧化活性,对DPPH还原的半抑制浓度分别为14.39μg/mL和13.64μg/mL;对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化的半抑制浓度分别为10.26μg/mL和9.87μg/mL。上述黄酮醇类化合物均为首次从白皮锦鸡儿中分离得到。     

河南鼠尾草抑制体内外α-糖苷酶活性研究

本文采用96微孔板法,首次对河南鼠尾草抑制酵母和大鼠小肠α-葡萄糖苷酶活性进行研究。河南鼠尾草乙酸乙酯提取物(IC50=28.73μg/mL)和正丁醇提取物(IC50=73.90μg/mL)抑制酵母α-葡萄糖苷酶活性远高于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1081.27μg/mL),但只有乙酸乙酯提取物(IC50=366.79μg/mL)具有抑制大鼠小肠α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,阳性对照Acarbose未检测出其IC50。结果表明,河南鼠尾草乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均具有较好的酵母α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,但只有乙酸乙酯提取物具有良好的大鼠小肠α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。     

草麻黄对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用研究

采用96微孔板法测定草麻黄抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性.草麻黄正丁醇(IC50=6.86 μg/mL)、乙酸乙酯(IC50 =77.28 μg/mL)和石油醚部位(IC50=190.20 μg/mL)抑制活性远高于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50=1081.27μg/mL).研究表明,草麻黄各部位均具有很好的α-筒萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可进行活性追踪分离活性成分.     

N-（4-甲基-2-氨基苯并噻唑）α-氨基-α-（3-三氟甲基苯基）-0，0-二（2-烷氧基乙基）亚膦酸酯对小麦赤霉病原菌的抑制活性及作用机制的初步探究

实验室条件下采用生长速率法测定化合物N-(4-甲基-2-氨基苯并噻唑)α-氨基-α-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-O,O-二(2-烷氧基乙基)亚膦酸酯对小麦赤霉病原菌(Fusarium graminearum)的离体抑制效果,并初步研究了其抑制小麦赤霉病原菌作用机制.实验结果表明,该化合物对小麦赤霉病原菌的EC_(50)为46.05 μg/mL,当化合物浓度为50 μg/mL时,对该病原菌的抑制率就达到了60.5 %.以浓度为250 μg/mL的该供试化合物处理小麦赤霉病原菌菌丝24 h后,其细胞膜通透性增强,菌体内还原糖、几丁糖和可溶性蛋白含量及几丁质酶活性在短时间内均出现先升高然后下降的趋势.     

Δ5-3β,7β-二羟基甾醇及其C-7差向异构体波谱特征及胆碱酯酶的抑制活性

本文对Δ5-3β,7β-二羟基甾醇(1~3)和Δ5-3β,7α-二羟基甾醇(4~6)的一些核磁共振波谱特征进行了比较。活性测试表明化合物1~6对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)无明显的抑制活性,对丁酰胆碱酯酶(BuChE)则有较强的抑制活性,其中24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(6)的IC50值为9.5μM。通过活性数据比较我们发现7α-羟基甾醇对丁酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性明显比相应的7β-羟基甾醇高。我们通过计算7位羟基和四环平面之间的二面角角度来尝试解释这些活性差别。     

朱砂根抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶与抗氧化活性研究

对朱砂根抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶与抗氧化活性进行研究.利用96微孔板法筛选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性;采用DPPH、ABTS和FRAP方法分析抗氧化活性.结果表明,乙酸乙酯部位抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性最高(IC50=39.27 μg/mL),石油醚部位次之(IC50 =56.11 μg/mL),正丁醇部位活性最弱(IC50=62.05μg/mL),但均远大于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1081.27 μg/mL);乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化能力最强,正丁醇部位次之.乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基(IC50=38.55 mg/L)的能力比BHT( IC50=18.71 mg/L)低1/2,清除ABTS自由基的能力(IC50=3.60 mg/L)比BHT(IC50=7.44 mg/L)强,但比BHA(IC50=1.74 mg/L)弱,还原Fe3+的能力(FRAP=512.99 ±6.80 μmoTE/g)为BHT(FRAP=1581.68±97.41μmol TE/g)的1/3.结果显示朱砂根乙酸乙酯部位抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和抗氧化活性最好.     

肉桂抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性成分研究

为寻找肉桂中具有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的化学成分,采用高效液相色谱结合体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选模型的方法,进行活性成分的跟踪分离,并对活性化合物进行酶抑制动力学研究.结果显示,肉桂石油醚提取物(IC50=350.37 μg/mL)的活性明显高于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50=1028.99 μg/mL),从中分离出2个活性成分,分别鉴定为桂皮醛( IC50 =277.89 μg/mL)和肉桂酸(IC50=286.22 μg/mL).酶抑制动力学结果表明它们对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型均为非竞争性抑制,Ki值分别为178.07 μg/mL和229.43 μg/mL.     

Isolation and characterization of 3-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone as the principal nephrotoxin from Narthecium ossifragum (L.) Huds

The principal substance in Narthecium ossifragum (L.) Huds, responsible for the nephrotoxic effects on cattle, moose, goats and other ruminants has been isolated and identified by X-ray crystallography as 3-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone. The Fourier-transform infra-red, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra are also given. The concentration in four different batches of plant material varied from 113 to 344 microg g(-1) (wet weight). Extracts of N. ossifragum and fractions derived from them, including purified 3-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone, were each dosed intraruminally, to young goats. 3-Methoxy-2(5H)-furanone of 99.9% purity (15 mg kg(-1) live weight) caused increased concentration of creatinine in serum within 2-3 days, typical of kidney damage caused by N. ossifragum, while toxic effect was obtained down to 4 mg kg(-1) live weight with less purified material (> or = 95%). Toxic effect was also obtained with synthesized 3-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone (30 mg kg(-1) live weight). The isomer 4-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone, detected in some of the batches of the plant material, was not toxic when dosed at 60 mg kg(-1) live weight.     

The possible involvement of 3-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone in the etiology of Narthecium asiaticum maxim. associated nephrotoxicity in cattle

Two samples of Narthecium asiaticum Maxim leaves collected in Japan were found to contain 103 microg(-1) and 160 microg g(-1) dry matter of 3-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone respectively. 3-Methoxy-2(5h)-furanone was suggested to be the toxic principle of N. asiaticum causing nephrotoxicity in cattle in Japan. Two other furanones, which are thought to be non-toxic, were also isolated from the two samples. These were 4-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone and 5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone.     

Alpha-pyrones and a 2(5H)-furanone from Hyptis pectinata

Three pyrones and a 2(5H)-furanone, designated pectinolides D-G, have been isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Hyptis pectinata. The metabolites were characterized on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The pyrones were identified as 6S-[3S,6S-(diacetoxy)-5R-hydroxy-1Z-heptenyl]-5S-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1)- pectinolide D, 6S-[3S,5R,6S-(triacetoxy)-1Z-heptenyl]-5S-acetoxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (2)- pectinolide E and 6S-[3S,5R,6S-(triacetoxy)-1Z-heptenyl]-5S-acetoxy-4R-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4H pyran-2-one (3)- pectinolide F. The furanone was identified as [2'Z,5(1')Z] 5-(4'S,6'R,7'S-triacetoxy-2-octenylidene)-2(5H)-furanone (4)-pectinolide G.     

Effects of the amino-carbonyl reaction of ribose and glycine on the formation of the 2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone aroma component specific to miso by halo-tolerant yeast

The formation of HEMF[2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone], the aroma component specific to miso and soy sauce, was promoted by cultivating the halo-tolerant yeast, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, in a medium including the amino-carbonyl reaction products based on ribose and glycine. The glucose concentration in the medium influenced the HEMF formation by Z. rouxii.     

产酸丙酸杆菌生长特性及5L罐发酵动力学研究

论文在摇瓶水平对产酸丙酸杆菌基本生长特性（温度、pH、摇床转速、接种量、种龄等）、碳源、氮源利用情况、产物抑制及5 L罐发酵动力学进行了研究。结果表明,该菌在32℃,初始pH 6．5,摇床转速150 r/min,接种24 h的种子液,接种量为5％条件下,产酸丙酸杆菌生长及产酸水平达最高值;该菌可利用碳源十分广泛,但对氮源要求比较高,只可利用有机氮源;在不同初始葡萄糖浓度下,产酸丙酸杆菌生长及产酸水平差异不大,无明显底物抑制现象;在2g/L的初始丙酸盐浓度下,该菌生长受到明显抑制;在5L发酵罐中,初始葡萄糖浓度为58．8 g/L,发酵72 h,葡萄糖消耗完全,丙酸终浓度达22．4 g/L,丙酸得率和产率分别达0．381 g/g和0．295 g/（L·h）,丙酸占总酸比例达72．10％。     

3-(4-Methyl-3-pentenyl)-2(5H)-furanone, alpha,alpha-acariolide and 4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2(5H)-furanone, alpha,beta-acariolide: new monoterpene lactones from the astigmatid mites, Schwiebea araujoae and Rhizoglyphus sp. (Astigmata: Acaridae)

A new monoterpene lactone from the acarid mite, Schwiebea araujoae, was elucidated without its isolation by GC/FT-IR and GC/MS analyses to be 3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2(5H)-furanone (1) and tentatively named as alpha,alpha-acariolide. The structure of 1 was identified by its synthesis from alpha-bromo-gamma-butyrolactone via 4 reaction steps. The synthesized compound gave the same GC/MS and GC/FT-IR spectra as those of the natural product. The other monoterpene lactone was likewise elucidated from the unidentified Rhizoglyphus mite to be 4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2(5H)-furanone (2) and named as alpha,beta-acariolide; it was also identified by its synthesis in 5 reaction steps from the same butyrolactone as the starting material. GC/MS and GC/FT-IR spectra of the preparation were identical to those of the natural product.     

Nutrient improvement using statistical optimization for growth of Schizophyllum commune, and its antifungal activity against wood degrading fungi of rubberwood

Two statistical tools, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to optimize the mycelia growth of Schizophyllum commune with different nutrient components. Results showed that 32.92 g/L of biomass were produced using a medium consisting of 18.74 g/L yeast extract, 38.65 g/L glucose, and 0.59 g/L MgSO(4).7H(2)O. The experimental data fitted well with the model predicted values within 0.09 to 0.77% error. The biomass was also tested for antifungal activity against wood degrading fungi of rubberwood. Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for antifungal activity range from 0.16 to 5.00 μg/μL. The GC-MS analysis indicated that this fungus produced several compounds, such as glycerin, 2(3H)-furanone, 5-heptyldihydro-, 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, and triacetin.     

Enzymatic synthesis of stable, odorless, and powdered furanone glucosides by sucrose phosphorylase

Sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides catalyzed transglucosylation from sucrose to 4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone derivatives. When 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) and 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone or 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (EHMF) were used as acceptors, their transfer ratios were more than 45%. In the case of glucosylation of HDMF, the major transfer product was identified as 2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (DMF-G). In the case of glucosylation of EHMF, two major transfer products were obtained, and their structures were identified as 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (2E5MF-G) and 5-ethyl-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (5E2MF-G) on the bases of spectrometric investigations. These glucosides were more stable than each aglycone. The glucosylated HDMF, DMF-G, was an odorless chemical, on the other hand, HDMF had a pineapple flavor. The glucosylated EHMF (EMF-G) were white odorless powders, though aglycone EHMF was a pale yellow syrup like a caramel with an intense sweet odor. Although DMF-G and EMF-G showed little radical-scavenging activity, hydrolyzates of these glucosides by an intestinal acetone powder from pigs had antioxidative activity as well as their aglycones. It was suggested that these glucosides improved some physical properties and may become prodrugs by glucosylation.     

Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and cytotoxicity of Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (Clusiaceae)

We evaluated the in vitro anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and the cytotoxicity of dichloromethane extract and pure compounds from the leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense. Purification of the dichloromethane extract yielded the pure compounds (-) mammea A/BB (1), (-) mammea B/BB (2) and amentoflavone (3). The compound structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric data. The contents of bioactive compounds in the extracts were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet detector. The anti-M. tuberculosis activity of the extracts and the pure compounds was evaluated using a resazurin microtitre assay plate. The cytotoxicity assay was performed in J774G.8 macrophages using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colourimetric method. The quantification of the dichloromethane extract showed (1) and (2) at concentrations of 31.86 ± 2.6 and 8.24 ± 1.1 µg/mg of extract, respectively. The dichloromethane and aqueous extracts showed anti-M. tuberculosis H37Rv activity of 62.5 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. Coumarins (1) and (2) showed minimal inhibitory concentration ranges of 31.2 and 62.5 µg/mL against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and clinical isolates. Compound (3) showed no activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The selectivity index ranged from 0.59-1.06. We report the activity of the extracts and coumarins from the leaves of C. brasiliense against M. tuberculosis.     

Discovery of novel 5-(ethyl or hydroxymethyl) analogs of 2'-'up' fluoro (or hydroxyl) pyrimidine nucleosides as a new class of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium inhibitors

Discovery of novel antimycobacterial compounds that work on distinctive targets and by diverse mechanisms of action is urgently required for the treatment of mycobacterial infections due to the emerging global health threat of tuberculosis. We have identified a new class of 5-ethyl or hydroxy (or methoxy) methyl-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra, H37Rv) and Mycobacterium avium. A series of 2'-'up' fluoro (or hydroxy) nucleosides (1, 2, 4-6, 9, 10, 13, 16, 18, 21, 24) was synthesized and evaluated for antimycobacterial activity. Among 2'-fluorinated compounds, 1-(3-bromo-2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil (13) exhibited promising activity against M. bovis and Mtb alone, and showed synergism when combined with isoniazid. The most active compound emerging from these studies, 1-(β-d-arabinofuranosyl)-4-thio-5-hydroxymethyluracil (21) inhibited Mtb (H37Ra) (MIC(50)=0.5 μg/mL) and M. bovis (MIC(50)=0.5 μg/mL) at low concentrations, and was ten times more potent against Mtb (H37Ra) than cycloserine (MIC(50)=5.0 μg/mL), a second line drug. It also showed an additive effect when combined with isoniazid. Compound 21 retained sensitivity against a rifampicin-resistant (H37Rv) strain of Mtb (MIC(50)=1 μg/mL) at concentrations similar to that for a rifampicin-sensitive (H37Rv) strain, suggesting that it has no cross-resistance to a first-line anti-TB drug. In addition, the replication of M. avium was also inhibited by 21 (MIC(50)=10 μg/mL). No cellular toxicity of 13 or 21 was observed up to the highest concentration tested (CC(50)>100 μg/mL). These observations offer promise for a new drug treatment regimen to augment and complement the current chemotherapy of TB.