苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Ab13基因的克隆及表达研究

BtC0 0 5是我国自行分离的对多种害虫具有毒杀作用的苏云金芽孢杆菌 ,经PCR RFLP系统鉴定 ,它含有cry1Ab基因。Southernblot结果显示 :PstI酶切C0 0 5质粒所得的 8 5kb长的DNA片段为cry1Ab基因的阳性杂交带。以pUCP1 9为载体 ,克隆了该片段并证明其含有cry1Ab基因。对其进行亚克隆和测序 ,结果表明该基因编码区为 3 4 6 8bp ,其编码的蛋白含1 1 5 5个氨基酸 ,分子量为 1 3 0 6kD ,等电点为pH4 845。该基因已在GenBank基因库中注册 ,Accessionnumber为AF2 5 4 6 4 0 ,并为国际Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ab1 3。将cry1Ab1 3基因在Bt无晶体突变株cryB- 中表达 ,蛋白质电泳结果表明在 1 3 0kD处有表达带 ,并证明CryAb对小菜蛾有较高的杀虫活性。     

对鳞翅目害虫高毒力的Bt cry1Aa基因的分离克隆及表达

Bt菌Ly30株是我国自行分离的对多种害虫具有高毒力的苏云金芽孢杆菌,经CAPS(cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences)系统鉴定,它含有cry1Aa基因。以全长基因PCR产物的粘端定向克隆的方法, 设计一对特异引物,分别引入NcoⅠ和BamHⅠ/NcoⅠ酶切位点。以Ly30质粒DNA为模板扩增cry1Aa全长基因,与表达载体Pkk233-2相应酶切产物连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得含有cry1Aa基因重组质粒pKKLy1Aa。完成了该基因的亚克隆和序列测定,结果表明,该基因的编码区为3 531 bp,编码蛋白分子量为133.2kD,含1.176个氨基酸,等电点Pi为4.99。该基因序列已在GenBank中登记注册,登录号为AF384211,并被国际Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会正式命名为cry1Aa12。对重组菌KKLy1Aa进行诱导表达研究。在0.6 mmol/L IPTG、37℃、8 h培养条件下,该基因获得高效表达,SDS-PAGE电泳检测到明显的133.2 kD蛋白带。室内生测结果表明,Cry1Aa蛋白对不同的小菜蛾品系均有较高的杀虫活性,其LC₅₀值分别为0.203 μg/mL和0.554 μg/mL。     

一株抑真菌、对甜菜夜蛾高效的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株

为了扩大苏云金芽胞杆菌的杀虫谱及生防范围,通过抑真菌和杀虫生物活性测定,筛选到一株抑真菌并对甜菜夜蛾高效的菌株Bt519-1.此菌株对所测试的小麦赤霉、黄瓜灰霉等8种真菌都有不同程度的抑制作用,且完全抑制这些真菌孢子的萌发.通过室内生物测定发现该菌株对甜菜夜蛾具有很高的杀虫活性,半致死浓度(LC50>)仅为5.5 μg/mL.经特异引物检测,证明该菌株含有6种杀虫蛋白基因:crylAa、crylAb、crylAc、cry1I、cry2和vip3A.经SDS-PAGE分析,Bt519-1菌株分别产生分子量大约为135 kD～130 kD、95 kD、80 kD、70 kD和65 kD～60 kD的几种杀虫晶体蛋白.在有无几丁质的培养基中都能产生较高活性的几丁质酶.试验证明苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt519-1是一株既杀虫又拮抗真菌的多功能生防菌株.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌cry2Ab、cry9Ea基因的表达及活性分析

旨在为农业害虫防治提供更多的苏云金芽胞杆菌基因资源,从中国吉林市龙潭山土壤样品中分离得到野生菌株命名为Bt LTS-7,扫描电镜显示该菌株产生晶体形状为双锥体和正方体,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示该菌株产生130 kD和71 kD的晶体蛋白,通过PCR鉴定出该菌株中含有cry2Ab和cry9Ea基因,并成功克隆到了这两个新基因,并被Bt国际命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ab28和cry9Ea9,将两个基因分别在大肠杆菌Rosetta( DE3)中表达,并进一步对其表达蛋白进行杀虫活性测定.结果显示,Cry2Ab28蛋白对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)初孵幼虫具有杀虫活性,LC50为32.45 μg/mL.Cry9Ea9蛋白对小菜蛾初孵幼虫(Plutella xylostella)具有较高杀虫活性,LC50为0.77μg/mL.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌B-Pr-88菌株中cry2Ab4基因的表达和杀虫活性研究

以我室自行分离的对鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫具有高毒力的Bt菌株B-Pr-88为材料,用PCR-RFLP方法从其质粒DNA文库中筛选到含cry2Ab基因的一个阳性克隆pZF858,序列测定发现,该片段含有cry2Ab全长基因,开放读码框为1902bps,编码由633个氨基酸组成的70.7kD蛋白,氨基酸同源性与已公布的cry2Ab基因同源性均为99.8%,经Bt基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ab4。根据cry2Ab4基因开放阅读框架(ORF)两端序列,设计合成一对特异引物L2ab5和L2ab3,PCR扩增获得cry2Ab4完整ORF,与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-21b连接,构建了重组表达质粒pET-2Ab4,质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳证实该基因表达了60kD的蛋白,生物测定表明,Cry2Ab4对棉铃虫和大豆食心虫具有高毒力,同时对小菜蛾和二化螟有一定的杀虫活性,而对亚洲玉米螟和甜菜夜蛾没有杀虫活性。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌V4菌株cry杀虫基因的鉴定、表达及杀虫活性分析

旨在给生物防治提供更多的基因资源,以从本实验室分离的300株苏云金芽胞杆菌基因组为模板,利用cry1类全长通用引物进行PCR cry1类基因鉴定。经过PCR-RFLP鉴定出菌株V4含有cry1Ea基因,进一步研究发现该菌株还含有cry2Aa基因,并成功克隆到了这两个新基因,被Bt国际命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ea12和cry2Aa16。将两种基因在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中表达,表达蛋白进行杀虫活性测定,结果表明两种蛋白杀虫活性不理想,但对试虫存在明显的体重抑制,而V4菌株蛋白具有较高的杀虫活性。     

31株苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因型鉴定及表达产物研究

利用已建立的苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因的PCRRFLP鉴定体系,鉴定了31株Bt菌株的cry基因类型,并进行了SDSPAGE分析和杀虫生物活性测定。研究表明：25株含cry1基因,表达蛋白130～150kD;其中16株含有对鞘翅目和鳞翅目害虫皆有活性的cry1I基因,其表达蛋白为81kD;15株同时含有cry1和cry2基因(13株表达蛋白约为60kD);10株含有未知待定基因;6株不含所鉴定的cry基因(其中2株有表达产物)。室内生物测定表明：cry1、cry2基因表达的菌株对鳞翅目害虫具有高杀虫活性,7株对舞毒蛾和膜翅目——杨叶蜂幼虫具有较高杀虫活性;含有cry1Aa\,cry1Ac\,cry2或cry1Ab\,cry1Ac\,cry2基因组合的菌株对棉铃虫幼虫均显示杀虫活性,其中6、12、30号菌株毒力最强。不含上述cry基因的菌株均无杀虫活性。以上结果证明,通过cry基因类型鉴定和表达产物的SDSPAGE分析可以预测菌株的杀虫活性。     

Bt菌株QCL-1中cry2Ac10基因的克隆、表达和活性研究

目的:从高毒力Bt菌株中克隆cry2Ac10基因,并研究其表达和杀虫活性。方法:以Bt菌株QCL-1质粒为模板,利用cry2特异性引物FY2A5和FY2A3进行PCR扩增,将目的片段克隆到表达载体pET-21b( ),构建T7启动子控制的大肠杆菌重组表达质粒pET21b-cry2Ac。经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE检测基因表达情况,然后对表达产物进行生物活性测定。结果:从菌株QCL-1中克隆出目的基因,该基因的编码框由1 872个碱基组成,编码的蛋白质由623个氨基酸组成,与已报道的Cry2Ac氨基酸同源性为97.4%~99.7%。该基因(GenBank accession EF405952)已被国际Bt基因命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ac10。该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中能够正常表达70kDa的蛋白,表达产物对棉铃虫、粘虫和粉纹夜蛾幼虫具有高毒力,同时对甜菜夜蛾幼虫生长有抑制作用,其中对棉铃虫和粘虫初孵幼虫的LC50分别为30.0μg/g和16.7μg/g。结论:成功克隆和表达了cry2Ac10基因,并明确了cry2Ac10蛋白的活性,为该基因的研究和应用奠定基础。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌B-Pr-88菌株中cry2Ab4基因的表达和杀虫活性研究

以我室自行分离的对鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫具有高毒力的Bt菌株B-Pr-88为材料,用PCR-RFLP方法从其质粒DNA文库中筛选到含cry2Ab基因的一个阳性克隆pZF858,序列测定发现,该片段含有cry2Ab全长基因,开放读码框为1902bps,编码由633个氨基酸组成的70.7kD蛋白,氨基酸同源性与已公布的cry2Ab基因同源性均为99.8％,经Bt基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ab。根据cry2Ab基因开放阅读框架(ORF)两端序列,设计合成一对特异引物L2ab5和L2ab3,PCR扩增获得cry2Ab 完整ORF,与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-21b连接,构建了重组表达质粒pET-2Ab4,质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳证实该基因表达了60kD的蛋白,生物测定表明,Cry2Ab4对棉铃虫和大豆食心虫具有高毒力,同时对小菜蛾和二化螟有一定的杀虫活性,而对亚洲玉米螟和甜菜夜蛾没有杀虫活性。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌B-Pr-88菌株中cry2Ab4基因的表达和杀虫活性研究

以我室自行分离的对鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫具有高毒力的Bt菌株B-Pr-88为材料,用PCR-RFLP方法从其质粒DNA文库中筛选到含cry2Ab基因的一个阳性克隆pZF858,序列测定发现,该片段含有cry2Ab全长基因,开放读码框为1902bps,编码由633个氨基酸组成的70.7kD蛋白,氨基酸同源性与已公布的cry2Ab基因同源性均为99.8％,经Bt基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry2Ab。根据cry2Ab基因开放阅读框架(ORF)两端序列,设计合成一对特异引物L2ab5和L2ab3,PCR扩增获得cry2Ab 完整ORF,与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-21b连接,构建了重组表达质粒pET-2Ab4,质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳证实该基因表达了60kD的蛋白,生物测定表明,Cry2Ab4对棉铃虫和大豆食心虫具有高毒力,同时对小菜蛾和二化螟有一定的杀虫活性,而对亚洲玉米螟和甜菜夜蛾没有杀虫活性。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry1Ab16的克隆及表达

通过对已知cry1类基因以及已发表的cry1Ab的序列进行分析,分别设计了引物P1、P2、P3和P4,首次从无晶体的芽胞杆菌AC11中扩增到一个苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白（Insecticidal crystal protein, ICP）cry1Ab类基因。测序结果显示该基因与已知的cry1Ab1基因有8个核苷酸不同,编码的蛋白有7个氨基酸差异。此基因已登录GenBank,并命名为新亚型基因cry1Ab16 (Ac. NO. AF375608)。Southern杂交结果进一步证实该基因存在于菌体的质粒上。将cry1Ab16基因克隆到Escherichia coli表达载体pQE30上并转化E. coli M15。Western印迹分析表明,E. coli M15表达了130 kD的Cry1Ab16蛋白,但此蛋白不稳定,大部分降解成65 kD的蛋白。将表达Cry1Ab16 蛋白的大肠杆菌用涂布法对三龄小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）毒力测定,其LC50为258.3mg/L;对其他夜蛾科害虫的生长发育也有明显的抑制作用。     

Seasonal expression of Bt proteins in transgenic rice lines and the resistance against Asiatic rice borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker)

Laboratory bioassays and field surveys were carried out to compare the resistance of three transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines including Bt-DL expressing a single gene cry1Ab, Bt-KF6 expressing stacked genes cry1Ac and CpTI genes and Bt-SY63 expressing a fusion gene cry1Ab/cry1Ac, respectively, to an important rice pest Chilo suppressalis (Walker). In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted to monitor the Bt protein expressions in rice leaves and stems at different rice growth stages. Results showed that all the transgenic rice lines exhibited significantly high resistance to the pest compared with their corresponding nontransformed isolines. Among the transgenic rice lines, Bt-SY63 and Bt-KF6 had higher resistance to C. suppressalis at early growth stage, but lower resistance at late stages, while the pest resistance of Bt-DL was relatively stable throughout the growing season. The results were consistent with ELISA results showing that Bt protein levels in Bt-SY63 or Bt-KF6 leaves decreased in late growth stages, but were relatively stable in Bt-DL at all growth stages. This demonstrates that the resistance to a pest by Bt plants is positively correlated with Cry protein expression levels in plant tissues. Compared with Bt-SY63 and Bt-KF6, the Bt protein expression levels were significantly lower in Bt-DL, while its resistance to C. suppressalis was the highest. This may suggest that C. suppressalis is more susceptible to Cry1Ab than to Cry1Ac. The data from the current study are valuable for decision-making for commercial use of Bt rice lines and development of appropriate pest control and resistance management strategies for the transgenic rice lines.     

Cloning and characterization of truncated <Emphasis Type="Italic">cry1Ab</Emphasis> gene from a new indigenous isolate of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis>

The insecticidal crystal protein(s) encoded by cry gene(s) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used for insect control both as biopesticides and in transgenic plants. A new 3′-truncated cry1Ab gene was cloned from an indigenous isolate of Bt, A19-31. Nucleotide sequencing and homology search revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of Cry1Ab toxin of Bt strain A19-31 had a variation of two amino acid residues with the holotype sequence, Cry1Ab1. Expression of the 3′-truncated cry1Ab gene was studied in an acrystalliferous strain of Bt (4Q7). SDS-PAGE and immunostrip analysis of spore-crystal mixture revealed a low level expression of the 3′-truncated cry1Ab gene. Insecticidal activity assay showed that the recombinant 3′-truncated cry1Ab gene product was toxic to larvae of both Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura.     

5种中国苏云金芽孢杆菌的伴孢 晶体蛋白基因分析

利用聚合酶联反应(PCR)和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术分析了5种中国苏云金杆菌制剂菌株的伴孢晶体蛋白及其基因组成。结果发现,5种菌株均含有cry1Aa和/或c和/或d和/或b基因,只有Bt+Virus菌株含有cry1Ab基因,cry1A基因编码的伴孢晶体蛋白分子量约为130 kD;仅有JS-Bt C菌株含有cry1B基因,其编码的伴孢晶体蛋白分子量约为138 kD;除HB Bt C菌株外,其余4个菌株均含有cry2Aa和/或b基因,这类基因编码分子量为70 kD的伴孢晶体蛋白;所有5个菌株都含有cry1I基因,其编码的伴孢晶体蛋白分子量应为81.2 kD,但实验中未曾检测到cry1I基因的表达;所有的菌株都不含有cry1C和cry1D基因。     

对粉纹夜蛾高毒力cry9Eα基因的克隆及表达

[目的]从本实验室分离的Bt4菌株中克隆cry9Eα基因,并研究其表达和杀虫活性.[方法]以PCR-RFLP方法鉴定Bt4菌株含有cry9基因,然后以菌株Bt4的质粒为模板,利用全长引物F9EA/R9EA进行PCR扩增全长基因.[结果]将目的片段插入到表达载体pET21b,得到大肠杆菌重组表达质粒pETcrygEa.转化E.coli BL21(DE3),诱导后表达130 kDa的蛋白,再将cry9Eα7基因连接到穿梭载体pSXY422b,电激转化HD73-(cry-),得到工程菌BioHD9Ea7,提取Cry9Ea7晶体蛋白,并进行生物活性测定.生物活性测定结果显示CrygEa7蛋白对粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)初孵幼虫具有高毒力,LC_(50)为0.044 μg/mL,而对甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)初孵幼虫未显示活性.[结论]克隆和表达了一个对粉纹夜蛾高毒力的基因cry9Eα7,并成功构建了工程菌BioHD9Ea7.     

Variant cry1Ab entomocidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene facilitates the recovery of an increased number of lepidopteran insect resistant independent rice transformants against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulus) inflicted damage

The primary technical constraint plant scientists face in generating insect resistant transgenic crops with insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein (Cry) genes remains failing to generate sufficiently large numbers of effective resistant transgenic plant lines. One possible means to overcome this challenge is through deployment of a Cry toxin gene that contains high levels of insecticidal specific activity for target insect pests. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis using a natural variant of the Cry1Ab toxin under laboratory conditions that possessed increased insecticidal potency against the yellow stem borer (YSB, Scirpophaga incertulus), one of the most damaging rice insect pests. Following adoption of a stringent selection strategy for YSB resistant transgenic rice lines under field conditions, results showed recovery of a significantly higher number of YSB resistant independent transgenic plant lines with the variant cry1Ab gene relative to transgenic plant lines harbouring cry1Ab berliner gene. Structural homology modelling of the variant toxin peptide with the Cry1Aa toxin molecule, circular dichroism spectral analysis, and hydropathy plot analysis indicated that serine substitution by phenylalanine at amino acid position 223 of the Cry1Ab toxin molecule resulted in a changed role for α-helix 7 in domain I of Cry1Ab for enhanced toxicity.     

Characteristics of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab in a strain of Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) isolated from a field population

In 1996, the Australian cotton industry adopted Ingard that expresses the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin gene cry1Ac and was planted at a cap of 30%. In 2004-2005, Bollgard II, which expresses cry1Ac and cry2Ab, replaced Ingard in Australia, and subsequently has made up >80% of the area planted to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. The Australian target species Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) are innately moderately tolerant to Bt toxins, but the absence of a history of insecticide resistance indicates that the latter species is less likely to develop resistance to Bt cotton. From 2002-2003 to 2006-2007, F2 screens were deployed to detect resistance to CrylAc or Cry2Ab in natural populations of H. punctigera. Alleles that conferred an advantage against CrylAc were not detected, but those that conferred resistance to Cry2Ab were present at a frequency of 0.0018 (n = 2,192 alleles). Importantly, the first isolation of Cry2Ab resistance in H. punctigera occurred before significant opportunities to develop resistance in response to Bollgard II. We established a colony (designated Hp4-13) consisting of homozygous resistant individuals and examined their characteristics through comparison with individuals from a Bt-susceptible laboratory colony. Through specific crosses and bioassays, we established that the resistance present in Hp4-13 is due to a single autosomal gene. The resistance is fully recessive. Homozygotes are able to survive a dose of Cry2Ab toxin that is 15 times the reported concentration in field grown Bollgard II in Australia (500 microg/ml) and are fully susceptible to Cry1Ac and to the Bt product DiPel. These characteristics are the same as those described for the first Cry2Ab resistant strain of H. armigera isolated from a field population in Australia.     

Transgenic broccoli with high levels of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1C protein control diamondback moth larvae resistant to Cry1A or Cry1C

A synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1C gene was introduced into broccoli (Brassica oleracea ssp. italica) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Twenty-one Cry1C transgenic plants were regenerated from 400 hypocotyl and petiole explants. Variable amounts of stable steady- state cry1C mRNA accumulated in different transgenic plants. Cry1C protein (up to 0.4% of total soluble protein) was produced in correlation with the cry1C mRNA levels. Leaf section and whole-plant bioassays were done using diamondback moth (DBM) larvae from lines susceptible to Bt or resistant to Cry1A or Cry1C proteins (Cry1AR or Cry1CR, respectively). Plants with high levels of Cry1C protein caused rapid and complete mortality of all three types of DBM larvae with no defoliation. Plants with lower levels of Cry1C protein showed an increasing differential between control of susceptible of Cry1AR DBM. This study demonstrated that high production of Cry1C protein can protect transgenic broccoli not only from susceptible or Cry1AR DBM larvae but also from DBM selected for moderate levels of resistance of Cry1C. The Cry1C- transgenic broccoli were also resistant to two other lepidopteran pests of crucifers (cabbage looper and imported cabbage worm). These plants will be useful in studies of resistance management strategies involving multiple transgenes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.