牛尾蒿两变种精油的化学成分

本文以气相色谱质谱计算机联用的方法分析了牛尾蒿原变种Artemisia dubia var. dubia及无毛变种B A. dubia var. subdigitata精油化学成分,共鉴定出82种化合物,其中萜类50种,芳香类12种,脂肪族类20种。经比较研究表明,这两变种的精油中有39种化合物(27 种萜类,5种芳香类和7种脂肪族类化合物)相同,而它们的差别在于牛尾蒿无毛变种中二环、三环倍半萜、芳香类及脂肪族类化合物的类型比原变种多。从精油的萜类化学组成特点来看,这两个变种的萜类化合物环化程度比蒿亚属植物高,而与龙蒿亚属植物相近。因此,这两个变种归属于龙蒿亚属较合适。     

中国蒿属植物化学分类的初步研究――精油化学成分与系统分类的相关性

分析了171个中国蒿属植物样品的精油化学成分,鉴定出305个化合物。这些样品代表64个种,其中蒿亚属47种,龙蒿亚属17种。 分析结果表明,这些化合物在两亚属中的分布有一定的规律性。在蒿亚属精油中主要含单萜类和倍半萜类化合物,而在龙蒿亚屑精油中主要含倍半萜类化合物和芳香族化合物。这种分布与中国蒿属植物从较原始到进化划分为7个组的系统分类有一定的相关性,即蒿亚属:莳萝蒿组(单萜类化合物)→艾蒿组(单萜类化合物)→艾组(单萜类化合物)→腺毛蒿组(单萜类化合物和倍半萜类化合物)→白苞蒿组(倍半萜类化合物)。龙蒿亚属:龙蒿组(倍半萜类化合物和芳香族化合物)→牡蒿组(倍半萜类化合物和芳香族化合物)。     

蒿属与邻近属的谱系分支分析

本文首次报道“蒿属与邻近属的谱系分支分析”,结果如下:在蒿自然群中,蒿属和绢蒿属及线叶菊属和栉叶蒿属各为一对姐妹群,后一对姐妹群还与毛蒿自然群有较近的亲缘关系;紊蒿属和百花蒿属在进化过程中,作为两个独立的属,很早就与蒿自然群其它属分化出。在蒿属各组中,腺毛蒿组和白苞蒿组为一对姐妹群,并与艾组构成姐妹关系;龙蒿亚属三个组(龙蒿组、牡蒿组和球蒿组)的亲缘关系很接近,且与友蒿组有较近的亲缘关系。 研究的结果支持林有润的蒿属与蒿自然群的演化假说和紊蒿作为一个独立的属的观点以及将中国蒿属分为蒿亚属和龙蒿亚属以及七个组的观点。根据谱系分支分析的结果以及形态上的特征,建议在蒿属下建立一新亚属,灰蒿亚属。     

论世界蒿属植物区系

本文从多学科, 包括形态、地理分布、孢粉、古植物、谱系分支分析及化学成分等学科的研究, 论述了世界蒿属植物的系统分类及其种属地理、历史地理和区系地理.     

豺皮樟叶挥发油化学成分的研究

利用GC－MS联用技术从豺皮樟（Litsea rotundifolia var.oblongifolia)叶挥发油中分离和鉴定了27个化合物,占挥发油总量的88．75％,其中主要成分是十二烷酸（43．68％）,肉豆蔻酸（14．61％）,十一烷酸（4．70％）,棕榈酸（4．15％）。     

Terpenoids from Juniperus polycarpus var. seravschanica

Two eudesmanes, two abietanes, two podocarpanes and other nine known compounds were isolated from the dried fruits of Juniperus polycarpus var. seravschanica. Their structures were established on the basis of analysis of spectroscopic evidence. Some of the isolated terpenoids showed antimalarial activity.     

臭茉莉叶挥发油化学成分的研究

利用GC-MS联用技术研究了臭茉莉叶挥发油的化学成分,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.分离出49个峰,鉴定了其中的34种成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总量的95.17 %.     

THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE ROOTS OF VALERIANA OFFICINALIS VAR.LATIFOLIA

Ahstract In order to find the aroma characteritics of Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia, the chemical composition of the essential oil of this plant have been examined. This essential oil was analysed by GC-MS on the Finnigan -4510 instrument. As a resu1t (see Tab1e 1 and Fig. 1 ) 21 compounds were identified. The major components are bornyl acetate (50.56 % ), α-pinene (6.76% ), camphene (16. 17% ), β-pinene (6. 48% ), limonene (1.77% ), carveyl acetate (5.47% ), dihydrocarveyl acetate (1.62%) etc. This essential oil having a delicious aroma shows to be suitable for compounding perfume of cigar and food flavor, and cosmetic flavor too.     

Compositional characteristics of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris var. glutinosa

The chemical variations of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris var. glutinosa have been studied. Plant material has been harvested at each phenological status (vegetative, before anthesis, full flowering and seed-bearing). Analysis by GC and GC/MS of the essential oils have allowed to identify 51 components. The main components were γ-terpinene, capillene, 1-phenyl-2,4-pentadiyne, spathulenol, methyleugenol, p-cymene and β-pinene. Aromatic polyacetylens have been characterized for the first time in this species. Flowering involves an increase of these compounds in the essential oil.     

Some New Taxa of Chara from Guangxi and Gansu,China

In order to get a thorough understanding of the Characeae, the specimens collected from Guangxi and Gansu were identified. The result shows that the two provinces, especially Guangxi, are abundant in this family. In this paper, however, reported are only new species, new varieties and new records of Chara in China. They are Chara vernicosa sp. nov. C. globularis var. inflata var. nov. and C. howe-ana var. subgymnophylla var. nov., C. brionica stapf and C. calveraensis comb. nov.     

Chemotaxonomic Analysis of the Aroma Compounds in Essential Oils of Two Different Ocimum basilicum L. Varieties from Iran

Hydrodistilled essential oils of 21 accessions of Ocimum basilicum L. belonging to two different varieties (var. purpurascens and var. dianatnejadii) from Iran were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. The oil yield was found to be between 0.6 and 1.1% (v/w). In total, 49 compounds, accounting for 96.6–99.7% of the oil compositions, were identified. Aromatic compounds, represented mainly by methyl chavicol (33.6–49.1%), and oxygenated monoterpenes, represented by linalool (14.4–39.3%), were the main components in all essential oils. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were present in the essential oils of all accessions of the purpurascens variety, whereas they were completely absent in those of the dianatnejadii variety, indicating that monoterpene hydrocarbons might be considered as marker constituents of the purpurascens variety. The chemotaxonomic value of the essential‐oil compositions was discussed according to the results of the cluster analysis (CA). The CA showed a clear separation of the O. basilicum var. purpurascens accessions and the O. basilicum var. dianatnejadii accessions, although the data showed no major chemotype variation between the studied varieties. Indeed, the CA revealed only one principal chemotype (methyl chavicol/linalool) for both varieties. In conclusion, GC/MS analyses in combination with CA showed to be a flexible and reliable method for the characterization of the chemical profiles of different varieties of Ocimum basilicum L.     

刺枝野丁香和穗花野丁香(茜草科)名称之合格发表

刺枝野丁香Leptodermis pilosa Diels var．acanthoclada Lo和穗花野丁香L．pilosa Diels vat．spicatiformis Lo发表时没指明模式,是不合格发表的名称。现通过指定模式,将它们的名称作合格发表。还对此2新变种及其近缘类群提供了分类检索表和地理分布图。     

Larvicidal activity of extracts from Artemisia species against Culex pipiens L. mosquito: comparing endemic versus ubiquist species for effectiveness

The larvicidal activity of ethanolic leaf extracts from two Artemisia species, Artemisia campestris var. glutinosa and A. molinieri, on mosquito Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae was investigated. Since A. molinieri is a rare and protected species confined to temporary ponds of Southern France, its toxic activity may help to value this species and to finance its conservation. A. molinieri extracts showed a higher larvicidal activity (from 50 ppm (K=9.488, DDL=4, P<0.001)) than those from A. campestris var glutinosa (from 500 ppm (K=9.488, DDL=4, P<0.01)) after 48 h of exposure. Calculated lethal concentrations, after 48 h of exposure, (LC(50)) were low, 9091 and 9898 ppm for A. molinieri and A. campestris var. glutinosa extracts, respectively, but using a non-pollutant solvent (ethanol). However, A. molinieri may be valued as an environmentally friendly biocide and developing its culture may be of interest for both pesticide activity and conservation purpose.     

草珊瑚属两个新变种与海南草珊瑚的比较研究

对广东海南岛、广西、云南产的海南草珊瑚Sarcandra hainanensis(Pei)Swamy et Bailey进行形态学和茎的组织比较研究结果表明,Swamy等描述的海南草珊瑚是一个混杂的种群。本文对海南草珊瑚的描述作了修订,分出两个新变种:屏边草珊瑚S.hainanensis(Pei)Swamy etBailey var.pingbianensis C.Z.Qiao et Q.H.Zhang和陵水草珊瑚S.hainanensis(Pei)Swamy et Bailey var.lingshuinensis C.Z.Qiao et Q.H.Zhang.     

膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪幼苗的光能利用及其耐光性研究

以盆栽膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪幼苗为试验材料,测量2种黄芪叶片的光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、光能利用率及耐光性等指标的日变化,以探讨它们的光能利用、热耗散以及耐光性差异.结果表明:(1)随着太阳光合有效辐射的日变化进程推进,2种黄芪的初始荧光(F0)、非光化学淬灭(NPQ)、PSⅡ调节性能量耗散量子产最(YNPQ)先升高后降低...     

Cytotaxonomy of Ferula L. in China

The karyotypes of somatic cells of three species in Ferula L. (Umbelliferae) from China are reported for the first time in this paper. F. licentiana Hand. -Mazz., endemic to China, has the karyotype formula of 2n= 22= 14m+ 2sm+ 6st( 2SAT), which consists of nine pairs of L chromosomes (the relative length > 8.0) and two pairs of M chromosomes (the relative length, 8.0- 6.0). The index of the karyotypic asymmetry (AS. K%) is 36.36%, and the karyotype belongs to 2A (Stebbins 1971). F. licentiana var. tunshanica (Su) Shan et Q. X. Liu has the karyotypic formula of 2n=22= 14m+ 8st(2SAT), and the other characters of karyotype are very similar to those of F. licentiana. The karyotypic formula of F. bungeana Kitag. is 2n=22= 12m+ 6sm+ 2st. There are 8 pairs of L chromosomes and 3 pairs of M chromosomes in this karyotype. The AS.K% is 45.45% and thus the karyotype is rather symmetrical (2A). Based on above data, F.licentiana var. tunshanica may be treated as a variety of F.licentiana and F.bungeana be separated from Subgen. Peucedanoides. According to our study and available data, we consider that the basic chromosome number of Ferula is x= 11. The karyotypic evolution of 11 species in the genus from China is analysed. All species are grouped into 5 groups based on the cluster analysis of chromosome data: I.F. akitschensis B. Fedtsch. ex K.-Pol.; II. F. lapidosa Korov., III. F. bungeana. The above-mentioned three species belong to Subgen. Peucedanoides in classification. IV. This group is divided into two subgroups: (1) F. syreitschikowii K.-Pol. and F. ovina (Boiss.) Boiss.; (2) F. lehmannii Boiss., F. licentiana, F. licentiana var. tunshanica, F. Kirialovii Pimen. and F. sumbul (Kauffm.)Hook. f., in which F.lehmannii belongs to Subgen. Merwia, F. syteritschikowii to Subgen. Narthex and the rest five species to Subgen.Peucedanoides. V. F.caspica M. Bieb. of Subgen. Doromatoides.     

Validation of names of Leptodermis pilosa var. acanthoclada and L. pilosa var. spicatiformis (Rubiaceae)

The names of Leptodermis pilosa Diels var. acanthoclada Lo and L. pilosa Diels var. spicatiformis Lo are invalid because no type specimens were indicated in the protologue when they were published. Two names are here validated at the rank of variety, with the specimens designated as types. A key to varieties in Leptodermis pilosa Diels and a distribution map of two new varieties and their relatives are provided.     

中国链格孢属的分类研究 Ⅳ.生于夹竹桃科和番木瓜科植物上的新种和新变种(英文)

报道生于夹竹桃科（Ａｐｏｃｙｎａｃｅａｅ）植物上的链格孢新种２个、新变种２个,即络石链格孢（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ　ｔｒａｃｈｅｌｏｓｐｅｒｍｉ　Ｔ．Ｙ　Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｘ,Ｆ,Ｌｉｎ　ｅｔ　Ｗ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ）、细极链格孢络石生变种［Ａ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓｓｉｍａ（Ｎｅｅｓｅｘ　Ｆｒ．）Ｗｉｌｔｓｈｉｒｅｖａｒ．ｔｒａｃｈｅｌｏｓｐｅｒｍｉｃｏｌａ　Ｔ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｘ．Ｆ．ＬｉｎｅｔＷ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ］、细极链格孢长春花变种［Ａ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓｓｉｍａ（ＮｅｅｓｅｘＦｒ．）Ｗｉｌｔｓｈｉｒｅｖａｒ．ｃａｔｈａｒａｎｔｈｉＴ,Ｙ．ＺｈａｎｇｅｔＸ．Ｆ．Ｌｉｎ］和长春花生链格孢（Ａ.ｃａｔｈａｒａｎｔｈｉｃｏｌａＴ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ）,及生于番木瓜科（Ｃａｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ）植物上的番木瓜链格孢（Ａ．ｃａｒｉｃａｅ　Ｔ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｗ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎ　ｅｔ　Ｘ．Ｆ．Ｌｉｎ）．新种和新变种均有拉丁文特征描述,并附绘图．新分类单位的模式标本分别存放在西北农业大学真菌标本室（ＨＭＵＡＢＯ）和山东农业大学植物病理标本室（ＨＳＡＵＰ）．     

龙骨星蕨与膜叶星蕨的关系:来自叶绿体rbcL、rps4和trnL-trnF、rps4-trnS序列的证据

龙骨星蕨(Microsoriummembranaceumvar. carinatum)是新近发表的一个变种,从形态特征看,它与原变种膜叶星蕨(M. membranaceumvar. membranaceum)可以很容易地区分。但将龙骨星蕨与另外 3种国产星蕨属 (Mi crosorium)植物叶绿体基因组中rbcL、rps4基因和trnL trnF、rps4 trnS基因间隔区进行PCR扩增和序列分析,并与已经发表的真蕨类的相应序列进行比较发现,龙骨星蕨与膜叶星蕨在所研究的 4个DNA片段中均未表现出序列差异(除了trnL trnF区的一个 2bp长度差异外 ),而所比较的其他真蕨类变种间的相应DNA片段均存在一定的差异。因此DNA序列证据不支持龙骨星蕨变种的成立。     

小花三脉紫菀和狭叶三脉紫菀的区别:形态学和细胞学证据

产自湖北神农架的狭叶三脉紫菀Aster ageratoides var. gerlachii (Hance) Chang一直被各种文献和有关标本馆误定为小花三脉紫菀A. ageratoides var. micranthus Ling。我们对二者进行了野外采集和形态学、细胞学的比较研究,分析了导致错误鉴定的原因,重新确定了二者的界限。小花三脉紫菀无横走地下茎,这一性状具有重要的分类学价值。核型研究发现,小花三脉紫菀为二倍体,2n=2x=18=18m,核型属1A型;狭叶三脉紫菀则是四倍体,2n=4x=36=32m+4sm (2SAT),核型属2A型。二变种的染色体数目、核型均为首次报道。狭叶三脉紫菀在湖北为新分布记录。