中国的胎生爬行纲动物

爬行纲的动物大多数为卵生。有些生活在高寒环境的蜥蜴和蛇为卵胎生和胎生。本文对我国爬行纲动物的胎生种类作了介绍,并对此种生殖方式的生物学意义进行了分析。     

中国爬行纲动物分类厘定

本文对中国爬行纲动物的分类体系和物种进行了系统的评估, 规范了中文学名, 给出了《中国爬行纲校正名录》, 结果表明: 中国现存爬行纲动物3目30科132属462种, 其中鳄形目(Crocodylia)1科1属1种, 龟鳖目(Testudines)6科18属33种, 有鳞目(Squamata)蜥蜴亚目(Lacertilia)10科41属189种, 有鳞目蛇亚目(Serpentes)13科72属239种。与《中国动物志 爬行纲 第一卷(总论、龟鳖目、鳄形目)》、《中国动物志 爬行纲 第二卷(有鳞目: 蜥蜴亚目)》和《中国蛇类》相比, 目和亚目无变化; 科级水平新增5科, 变更2科; 属级水平新增23属, 合并15属, 变更6属; 种级水平新增81种, 变动2种; 未收录同物异名12种、杂交6种、中国无分布7种。形态和分子系统发育研究结果在爬行动物不同分类阶元均有一定差异, 文章对这些争议进行了讨论, 并对名录的选择做了说明。     

蟾蜍和壁虎肺超微结构的比较观察

本文对两栖纲动物蟾蜍和爬行纲动物壁虎肺脏的超微结构进行了比较观察、发现前者与后者相比其气血屏障结构较厚,Ⅰ型上皮细胞的腔面有较丰富的微绒毛,Ⅰ型上皮细胞中所含的嗜铽性板层小体数量较少,体积较小。     

简易饲养石龙蜥的方法

石龙蜥(石龙子)是爬行纲、有鳞目、蜥蜴亚目、石龙蜥科的动物。这类动物在我国已发现的有15种,大部分是分布在我国的南部。由于这类动物体躯较粗大,结构明显,故常用来作为爬行纲动物的实验材料。尤以活的石龙蜥做实验效果更好,因此有时必须暂时饲养几天,但关于石龙蜥的饲养方法却很少见到介绍。笔者同徐州市人民公园李继友同志曾先后饲养过几次石龙蜥,其效果良好。现将我们饲养的情况简介于后:     

秦岭及大巴山地区两栖爬行动物调查报告

1.1961—1962年在秦巴地区共获两栖纲动物23种,隶11属、8科、2目;爬行纲21种,隶15属、6科、2目。 2.发现五个两栖纲新种:秦巴北鲵Ranodon tsinpaensis Liu et Hu,sp.nov.,南江角蟾Megophrys nankiangensis Liu et Hu,sp.nov.,秦岭雨蛙Hyla tsinlingensis Liu et Hu,sp.nov.,光雾臭蛙Rana kuangwuensis Liu et Hu,sp.nov.,合征姬蛙Microhyla mixturaLiu et Hu,sp.nov.;一个爬行纲新种:秦岭滑蜥Leiolopisma tsinlingensis Hu et Djao,sp.nov.。增加陕西省新纪录两栖纲5种,爬行纲11种。修订原纪录分布于秦岭的中国雨蛙为新种秦岭雨蛙,棘腹蛙为隆肛蛙。在秦岭采到中国林蛙的地模标本。 3.秦岭作为古北界与东洋界的区系分界线,在两栖纲方面表现为在秦岭北坡种类少(8种),缺少东洋界的代表类型,如泽蛙、树蛙等;秦岭南坡至大巴山种类逐渐增加(共23种);东洋界的代表类型逐渐繁多;但树蛙种类少,数量亦少。在爬行纲方面北坡周至附近获无蹼壁虎,丽斑麻蜥及黄脊游蛇古北界代表动物。白眉蝮不同垂直分布区有明显的差异。 4.秦巴区的四种两栖纲优势种(隆肛蛙、秦巴北鲵、秦岭雨蛙及合征姬蛙)的分布特征,可初步说明秦巴区具有独特的区系组成。     

Doppel蛋白及其对动物生殖的影响

Doppel(简称Dpl)是新发现的一种糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定(GPI)结构糖蛋白, 在结构上与朊蛋白(Prion protein, PrP)相似, 其编码基因位于朊蛋白编码基因(Prion protein gene, PRNP)下游, 但在生理功能上两者差异较大。Dpl蛋白在成年动物体内的表达主要集中在睾丸组织, 对雄性动物精子完整性、活力以及维持正常受精能力等生殖功能具有重要作用。以下主要综述了Dpl蛋白的生物学特征、生理功能以及对雄性动物生殖调控的影响, 旨在为Dpl蛋白的功能研究和雄性动物生殖调控研究提供理论参考。     

角蛋白家族及其对羊毛生长发育的调控

角蛋白是动物毛发和羊毛纤维的主要成分,该文简要介绍角蛋白的结构、种类和生物学特性以及在毛发发育中的作用,为角蛋白在动物育种中的应用提供理论基础。     

骨形态发生蛋白家族及其受体在生殖调控中的作用

骨形态发生蛋白 (bonemorphogenelicprotein ,BMP)又称骨形成蛋白 ,属于转化生长因子超家族成员。本文从理化特性、受体种类、信号转导机制 ,以及在动物生殖调控中的作用和受体基因突变所导致的多胎机制等方面 ,详细阐述了有关BMP近年来的研究状况 ,旨在为研究绵羊或其它物种的多胎机制提供参考     

蛤蚧鸣叫观察

国产爬行纲动物能鸣叫者稀见,推壁虎科动物的一些种类能发出低沉的蛤(ge)、蛤、蛤之声。如壁虎,鸣声仅数米之内可闻及。然蛤蚧之鸣声特别高亢,即使是白天,500米内外也可闻及。查古籍对于蛤蚧的鸣声虽有片言断语之记载,但多谬论。现今一些资料,也多系抄录古籍或观察有误。现将10多年的观察取得的资料,整理如下。     

南大洋极锋以南常见磷虾类生殖特性研究进展

磷虾是南大洋生态系统的基本组成部分,它们在南极海洋食物网中扮演着关键角色。磷虾可能是人类未开发的最大动物蛋白质来源,人类对磷虾资源开发的兴趣日趋增加,但目前关于这些种类的基础生物学,尤其是除南极大磷虾以外的其他磷虾类繁殖特性的了解极为匮乏。本文对已有相关研究进行梳理,揭示了不同种磷虾卵巢发育经历相似的生理步骤;磷虾卵母细胞大小存在区域性差异;通过观察第二性征和卵巢形态可以划分雌性磷虾的发育阶段;磷虾种间产卵期具有纬度差异,种内具有区域差异;多数调查发现样本中雌性磷虾个体占优。在此基础上,本文对今后的研究重点提出展望:1)加强南极大磷虾之外磷虾生殖特性的研究,探索磷虾生殖特点的季节性、区域性对磷虾环南极分布的影响;2)重点关注实验生物学研究,厘清磷虾的产卵次数及机制,以期准确估算繁殖力以评估磷虾资源开发可能产生的影响。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).