特定电磁辐射增强大豆种子超弱光子辐射

生物超弱光子辐射(简称PE)是生物代谢过程的一种普遍现象,它控制细胞内和细胞间的新陈代谢、功能调节以及信息传递。PE光强度与细胞活力、环境因素以及化学物质的作用有关。 红外辐射(包括特定电磁辐射)能产生广泛和显著的生物效应,国内外已有报道,化学     

电离辐射对活细胞超弱发光的影响

本文报导了活细胞(CHO和V_(79)细胞)的辐射诱导低水平发光.实验证明,这种诱导的超弱光子发射要比未受辐照的细胞发光要高,我们发现该诱导发光的强度依赖于照射剂量.辐射增敏剂miso(Misonidazole)可以增强活细胞的超弱光子发射.     

UPR在人胆管癌细胞株QBC939中的作用

目的:研究UPR(未折叠蛋白反应,unfolded protein response)在QBC939细胞中的作用,为临床治疗胆管癌提供新思路.方法:低剂量过氧化氢(H2O2、顺铂(DDP)作用于人胆管癌QBC939细胞系,MTT法测定不同处理组细胞生长曲线,western-blot法测定不同处理组IRElα、BiP蛋白表达情况.结果:低剂量过氧化氢诱导QBC939增殖,顺铂抑制QBC939细胞增殖,IREloα、BiP蛋白在过氧化氢组表达强阳性.结论:UPR促进细胞增殖,对细胞起保护作用,降低顺铂的抑制细胞作用.     

鸡胚完整脑的光子发射和光激发光研究

利用自制的单光子记录系统,对离体的浸于DMEM培养液中的鸡胚的完整脑所进行的光子发射测量显示出整脑与培养液相比有光子发射.完整脑的光子发射强度与胚龄,鸡胚的健康状况和离体后脑组织的新鲜程度有关.在对完整脑的光激发光测量中观察到一种短寿命的延迟发光,它的衰减过程不服从指数衰减规律而表现出双曲线衰减行为.从生物光子发射归因于生物体内的非定位的相干性电磁场及Frohlish的生命系统中存在着长距离的相干性的理论,讨论了利用生物光子发射研究细胞间通讯、生物的调节及生物与环境关系的意义,以及所检测的光子发射与生物系统自身的相干性电磁场的关系,并提出应从环境对生物系统自身场的影响来理解所测的生物光子发射.     

游仆虫信息素Er-1和Er-2对四膜虫的种间作用

信息素是生物体向外释放的化学物质,在细胞及生物体中具有种内信息传递的生理学功能。信息素这一类分子广泛分布于系统发生史中,它们的特异活性在单细胞生物、昆虫以及脊椎动物中均有报道。脊椎动物中信息素的信号传输已被证实是一嗅觉依赖过程,7TM-受体被认为是信号传输过程中的信号转换器。在低等单细胞生物(例如:来可夫游仆虫)的细胞膜上存在有信息素异构体,作为信息素分子的有效结合位点而行使其功能。本研究主要探讨单细胞的信息素(Er-1和Er-2)的基础细胞生理学作用是仅限于产生该信息素的物种,还是对其它的原生动物(例如:四膜虫)或对系统发育中分类地位较高的细胞(例如:MRC5成纤维细胞或J774巨噬细胞)均具有调节活性。研究结果表明,游仆虫的两种信息素对梨形四膜虫GL的生长调节有显著不同的作用:当信息素浓度为10-11M时,Er-1具有正调控作用,而Er-2具有抑制剂的作用。这两种配体的趋化作用也有很不同:Er-1具有一种广范的化学排斥特性,而Er-2具有一个双峰的化学吸引剂的性质。计算机检测发现,与Er-2的作用不同,Er-1可略微降低被测细胞的游动速率。趋化现象的选择特性表明Er-2信息素的受体有一种“短期”的特性;而Er-1是不能选择任何亚种群的,这也支持了我们先前的研究数据,即这两种信息素在四膜虫GL内产生两种不同的信号。四膜虫对信息素特异性的反应表明四膜虫能辨别非常近似但带有微小差异的配体(如Er-1和Er-2的电荷差异)。     

NO和H_2O_2在介导热激诱发金丝桃细胞合成金丝桃素中的信号互作

热激处理(40℃,10min)可以诱发金丝桃细胞中金丝桃素的生物合成并诱导细胞产生一氧化氮(NO)和过氧化氢(H2O2).过氧化氢酶(CAT)和NO专一性淬灭剂(cPTIO)不仅可以分别抑制由热激诱发的H2O2积累和NO合成,而且还可以阻断热激处理对金丝桃素生物合成的促进作用.H2O2单独处理虽然不能提高细胞的金丝桃素产量,但是H2O2和NO共同处理对金丝桃素产量的促进作用显著高于NO单独处理,表明NO和H2O2对金丝桃素的生物合成具有协同诱导效应.NO处理可以提高细胞的H2O2水平,而外源H2O2对金丝桃细胞的NO合成积累也具有促进作用,说明NO和H2O2对彼此的合成反应具有促进作用.CAT在抑制热激诱发H2O2合成的同时还能够部分抑制热激细胞中NO的合成,而cPITO也可以同时降低热激细胞的H2O2水平.上述实验结果提示,在热激处理下金丝桃细胞中的NO和H2O2可能通过互作反应提高各自的信号水平.质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶抑制剂DPI和NO合酶抑制剂PBITU可以抑制NO和H2O2之间的互作反应,并且解除NO和H2O2对金丝桃素合成的协同诱导作用,说明NO和H2O2对金丝桃素合成积累的协同效应依赖于两种信号分子之间的互作反应.本文实验结果不仅证实了NO和H2O2是参与热激诱发金丝桃细胞中金丝桃素合成所必需的两种信号分子,而且揭示了NO和H2O2在介导热激诱发金丝桃素生物合成过程中特殊的信号互作现象.     

SCP诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡与bcl-2基因表达的关系

目的探讨鲨鱼软骨制剂(SCP)诱导人肝癌细胞系(SMMC7721)凋亡的作用机制.方法以不同浓度SCP加入体外培养的SMMC7721细胞中,用MTT比色法检测细胞存活率;Hoechst33342/PI荧光染色,荧光显微镜分析凋亡细胞百分率;流式细胞术进行细胞凋亡定量;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA梯状条带;免疫细胞化学染色法检测Bcl-2蛋白的表达.结果 SCP明显抑制SMMC7721细胞生长,IC50值为1.25mg/ml;荧光显微镜下可见50%以上细胞为凋亡细胞的形态学改变;琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈现梯状条带(DNA ladder);免疫细胞化学检测显示SCP诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡过程中Bcl-2表达明显降低.结论 SCP诱导SMMC7721细胞凋亡,可能与下调Bcl-2表达有关.     

唐古特大黄多糖对过氧化氢所致肠上皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:观察唐古特大黄多糖(Rheumtanguticum polysaecharide,RTP)对过氧化氢所致正常人肠上皮细胞损伤的保护作用.方法:以过氧化氢(100μmol/L)诱导正常人肠上皮细胞损伤,损伤前用RTP(30,100,300 μg/ml)预处理细胞.采用MTT比色法测定细胞活力并进行形态学观察;吖啶橙染色法及流式细胞术观察细胞凋亡情况,采用分光光度法,用相应试剂盒测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果:加入过氧化氢后,细胞活力及SOD活性均降低,而MDA含量、LDH释放量及细胞凋亡数量均增高,与正常组比较具显著性差异(P＜0.05或0.01);以RTP预处理细胞后发现,细胞活力明显增高,且SOD活性增强,同时,MDA水平、LDH活性均降低并可使凋亡细胞数减少.结论:RTP对过氧化氢所致的肠上皮细胞损伤具保护作用,且能抑制细胞凋亡及坏死,表明其具有一定的抗氧化损伤作用.     

NO体外供体硝普钠诱导蚕豆气孔保卫细胞死亡机理研究

为分析NO在植物细胞死亡过程中的作用,以蚕豆表皮条和NO体外供体硝普钠(SNP)及NO信号途径抑制剂为材料,采用表皮条生物法,探讨SNP对蚕豆叶面保卫细胞的毒性机理.结果表明:(1)0.5～9 mmol· L-1的SNP可使蚕豆气孔保卫细胞活性降低,部分细胞死亡,且随着SNP浓度的增高细胞死亡率增高.(2)凋亡抑制剂Z-Asp-CH2-DCB或TLCK可显著降低SNP诱发的保卫细胞死亡率.(3)抗坏血酸(AsA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、Ca2+螯合剂EGTA或Ca2+通道抑制剂LaCl3与SNP共同作用时,细胞死亡率显著降低.(4)NO清除剂c-PTIO、MAPK激酶抑制剂PD98059和鸟苷酸环化酶抑制荆ODQ亦能有效阻止SNP诱发的细胞死亡.研究发现,较高浓度的SNP可诱导蚕豆保卫细胞程序性死亡,SNP诱发植物细胞死亡与胁迫组保卫细胞内NO、ROS和Ca2+水平升高有关,cGMP和MAPK参与了SNP诱发的细胞死亡.     

PDCD4基因在过氧化氢诱导喉癌细胞凋亡中的作用

目的探讨过氧化氢诱导喉癌细胞Hep-2凋亡过程中PDCD4基因表达的变化。方法以体外培养的喉癌细胞Hep-2为实验材料,不同浓度的过氧化氢作用于Hep-2细胞,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定细胞生存率,采用吖啶橙染色、Ho33342/PI荧光双染进行形态学观察,RT-PCR及Western blot检测PDCD4 mRNA水平及蛋白表达的变化,评价在过氧化氢诱导喉癌细胞Hep-2凋亡过程中PDCD4基因的作用。结果过氧化氢(200μmol/L)作用Hep-2细胞24h,能够显著抑制细胞增殖,并诱导细胞凋亡,同时引起pdcd4 mRNA水平显著上调,PDCD4蛋白表达显著增加。结论本研究首次报道PDCD4基因可能在氧化胁迫诱导喉癌细胞凋亡中起关键作用。     

Effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on biophoton emission from radish root cells

Biophotons spontaneously emitted from radish root cells were detected using highly sensitive photomultiplier tube. Freshly isolated radish root cells exhibited spontaneous photon emission of about 4 counts s^?1. Addition of hydrogen peroxide to the cells caused significant enhancement in biophoton emission to about 500 counts s^?1. Removal of molecular oxygen using glucose/glucose oxidase system and scavengering of reactive oxygen species by reducing agents such are sodium ascorbate and cysteine completely diminished biophoton emission. Spectral analysis of the hydrogen peroxide-induced biophoton emission indicates that biophotons are emitted mainly in green–red region of the spectra. The data provided by electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique showed that formation of singlet oxygen observed after addition of H₂O₂ correlates with enhancement in biophoton emission. These observations provide direct evidence that singlet oxygen is involved in biophoton emission from radish root cells.     

Factors Affecting Ethanol Induced Luminescence in Dark-Treated Chloroplasts

Dark-treated chloroplasts emit light when treated with a high ethanol concentration. The ethanol treatment causes chlorophyll solvation. The light is red and emanates from a singlet excited molecule, probably a chlorophyll peroxide. It is quenched by acetone, sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment of the chloroplasts before the addition of ethanol, boiling, reducing substances and low pH. It is enhanced by ferricyanide and high pH. This is interpreted as a requirement for an organized structure and for an energy transfer system for light emission to occur.     

Efficacy of common laboratory disinfectants on the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cell culture

Nine liquid disinfectants were tested for their ability to reduce infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cell culture. A 4-min exposure to 6% hydrogen peroxide and a 13-min exposure to ammonium hydroxide-amended windshield washer fluid reduced infectivity 1,000-fold. Other disinfectants tested (70% ethanol, 37% methanol, 6% sodium hypochlorite, 70% isopropanol, and three commercial disinfectants) did not reduce the infectivity after a 33-min exposure. The results indicate that hydrogen peroxide and windshield washer fluid or ammonium hydroxide disinfectant may be suitable laboratory disinfectants against C. parvum oocysts.     

Metabolic cooperation in CHO and V79 cells following treatment with a tumor promoter

Tumor promoters are a class of chemicals which, when given to cells in vitro or to organisms that have been previously exposed to physical or chemical carcinogens, decrease the latency period for the appearance of transformed colonies or tumors. 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a powerful tumor promoter, has been shown to inhibit metabolic cooperation in V79 Chinese hamster cells and rat hepatocytes as well as between mouse epidermal and 3T3 cells. We report comparative studies utilizing V79 and CHO cells indicating that metabolic cooperation is inhibited by TPA in V79 cells while CHO cells show the opposite response with a slight enhancement of metabolic cooperation following promoter treatment. We speculate that these observations are the result of membrane differences between these cell lines.     

Ferriprotoporphyrin IX and cell lysis: a protective role for hydrogen peroxide

Two potentially lytic substances, ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) and hydrogen peroxide, may coexist and partially detoxify each other in sickle cells and in erythrocytes infected with malaria parasites. Since hydrogen peroxide can decompose FP, its effect on hemolysis induced by FP and by the complex of FP with chloroquine was investigated. Human erythrocytes suspended at a concentration of 0.5% in a 50 microM solution of FP underwent approximately 42% hemolysis during the course of 2 hours. Twenty-five micromolar chloroquine potentiated hemolysis to 99%, and preincubation of 50 microM FP with 25 microM hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes reduced hemolysis to 4%. Mixing either FP or hydrogen peroxide first with chloroquine abolished the effect of hydrogen peroxide. Detoxification of FP by hydrogen peroxide may be an important protective mechanism in certain hemolytic anemias, and inhibition of detoxification could account for the effectiveness of chloroquine in malaria.     

Novel compounds that increase expression of Hsp70 and its biological activity

The Hsp70 protein has chaperone activity, which is associated with the protective function that demonstrated in experiments using several cell lines and animals. Therefore, the search for the substances able to harmlessly elevate the chaperone concentration in the organism cells and tissues is particularly important. In our work, we screened more than 60 compounds and revealed two chemicals, i.e., derivatives of shikonin and echinochrome, that, at micromolar concentrations, were able to increase the chaperone level in various human cells. Under the effects of both of these substances, in human erythroleukemia K-562 cells, a significant increase in the absolute Hsp70 chaperone activity was also observed, which can indicate the mobilization of the entire cellular chaperone mechanism. The estimation of the biological activity of these two substances has shown that their action upon the treatment of cells with severe heat stress, hydrogen peroxide, and staurosporine leads to a decrease in cell mortality by 20–50% depending on the cytotoxic factor. These results show that, by effecting noncomplicated chemical modifications of the chosen substances, it is possible to obtain pharmacogenic agents of the wide profile of action.     

Gamma-tocopherol is less effective than alpha-tocopherol in preventing oxidant-induced sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster V79 cells.

Although alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOC) is the most biologically active form of vitamin E and is found at high levels in plasma, gamma-tocopherol (gamma-TOC) has also been found to be a powerful antioxidant in vitro and constitutes up to 70% of the dietary intake of TOC. Low plasma levels of gamma-TOC and a high alpha-TOC:gamma-TOC ratio may be associated with coronary heart disease, suggesting that there may be a positive protective role for the gamma-form of TOC. In this study the ability of different forms of vitamin E to protect against sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by either hydrogen peroxide or menadione was investigated. Chinese hamster V79 cells were pre-treated with 10 microM TOC for 24 h, and then challenged with a genotoxin. After a 24 h pre-treatment, there was a greater incorporation of gamma-TOC (319.8 +/- 66.2 ng/10(6) cells) into V79 cells compared to alpha-TOC (66.9 +/- 6.4 ng/10(6) cells). Gamma-TOC did not protect the cells against SCE induced by either hydrogen peroxide or menadione, alpha-TOC acetate was partially protective against both genotoxins, whereas alpha-TOC completely abolished the oxidant induced SCE. These results demonstrate that, despite a greater incorporation of gamma-TOC into V79 cells, alpha-TOC but not gamma-TOC was more effective at inhibiting oxidatively-induced SCE in V79 cells.     

Efficacy of Common Laboratory Disinfectants on the Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Cell Culture

Nine liquid disinfectants were tested for their ability to reduce infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cell culture. A 4-min exposure to 6% hydrogen peroxide and a 13-min exposure to ammonium hydroxide-amended windshield washer fluid reduced infectivity 1,000-fold. Other disinfectants tested (70% ethanol, 37% methanol, 6% sodium hypochlorite, 70% isopropanol, and three commercial disinfectants) did not reduce the infectivity after a 33-min exposure. The results indicate that hydrogen peroxide and windshield washer fluid or ammonium hydroxide disinfectant may be suitable laboratory disinfectants against C. parvum oocysts.     

The protective role of polyphenols in cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide.

A variety of synthetic and natural polyphenols protect mammalian cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cytotoxicity of H2O2 on Chinese hamster V79 cells was assessed with a colony formation assay, and several polyphenols prevented the decrease in the number of colonies caused by H2O2. A study of the structure-activity relationship revealed that affinity of the polyphenols for the cell membrane and the presence of an ortho-dihydroxy moiety in their structure proved essential to this protection.     

The fate of aflatoxin in naturally contaminated corn during the ethanol fermentation

Corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin was used as a substrate in the ethanol fermentation. Distribution of toxin in several process and recovery fractions was identified. Although little degradation of the mycotoxin occurred during fermentation, no toxin appeared in the distilled alcohol. As accumulation of toxin in spent grains represents a potential problem in use of the material as animal feed, several decontamination procedures were tested. Sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide were identified as efficient agents of toxin degradation.