碳源、生长素及诱导子对木豆不定根生长和次生代谢产物合成的影响

以1/2MS为基本培养基,研究了蔗糖、IBA、茉莉酸甲酯（MJ）及水杨酸（SA）对木豆不定根生物量和次生代谢产物合成的影响。研究结果表明,蔗糖浓度对木豆不定根的生物量和次生代谢产物合成有显著影响,蔗糖浓度为30 g·L^-1时,木豆不定根的生物量和次生代谢产物的含量均达到最大值。低浓度的IBA有利于木豆不定根的生长和次生代谢产物的积累,高浓度的IBA表现出抑制作用。IBA浓度为0.1 mg·L^-1时,生物量、染料木素及芹菜素含量均为最大值,分别为对照组的1.1、1.1和2.8倍。在0~200 μmol·L^-1浓度范围内,MJ对不定根的生长几乎无影响（P>0.05）,但对次生代谢产物的合成有重要影响。MJ浓度为100 μmol·L^-1时,染料木素和芹菜素的含量均达到最大值,分别为对照组的1.9和2.1倍。SA抑制木豆不定根的生长和染料木素的合成,但对芹菜素的合成有一定促进作用,SA浓度为100 μmol·L^-1时,芹菜素的含量最高,为对照组的1.5倍。木豆不定根的悬浮培养是获得次生代谢产物的一条有效途径,为大规模生产染料木素和芹菜素提供了很好的思路。     

茅苍术内生真菌的分离鉴定及在组培苗中的回接

从茅苍术的叶、茎和根中分离鉴定内生真菌,并观测内生菌回接对茅苍术组培苗生长的影响。共获得茅苍术内生菌16株,其中叶片中14株,根茎中各获得一株。分别为交链孢霉、镰刀霉、小克银汉霉、青霉、茎点霉、小菌核菌、孔球孢霉和不产孢类。经内生菌和茅苍术快繁苗实验初筛,得到两株对植物无害的内生菌:小菌核菌和孔球孢霉,将它们回接到茅苍术组培苗中,可以从苗叶片中染色观察到菌丝。其中小菌核菌能提高茅苍术炼苗的存活率,接入内生菌的茅苍术叶片超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性均高于未接菌的对照,脂肪酸不饱和指数基本不变,说明分离自茅苍术的内生菌回接后可以与宿主建立共生关系。     

Cr3+对盐藻(Dunaliella salina)生长及营养品质的影响

以盐藻Dunaliella salina为材料,设定0ìg·L^-1、3ìg·L^-1、12ìg·L^-1、50ìg·L^-1、200ìg·L^-1和800ìg·L^-16个添加Cr³⁺浓度处理,分析测定了不同铬浓度下盐藻的生物量(细胞密度).蛋白质、â胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量.研究结果表明,中低量添加Cr³⁺对盐藻的生长有一定的促进作用,在50ìg·L^-1和200ìg·L^-1Cr³⁺条件下,盐藻的生物量高于对照,中低量添加Cr³⁺对盐藻的生长有一定的促进作用,盐藻蛋白质含量比对照分别提高3.06%和6.55%,Cr³⁺浓度在200ìg·L^-1时,盐藻的â胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量比对照分别提高3.93%和2.38%,适当添加Cr³⁺可提高盐藻蛋白质、â胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量,有效改善盐藻的营养品质.     

葡萄糖和乙酸钠对湛江等鞭金藻兼养生长的影响

论文探讨了添加外源性有机碳葡萄糖和乙酸钠对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis )生长及胞内总脂百分含量的影响.结果表明:随着葡萄糖和乙酸钠浓度的增加,湛江等鞕金藻的生长和产物积累均表现出先促进后抑制的现象.湛江等鞭金藻兼养利用葡萄糖和乙酸钠促进生长的浓度上限分别为50和30g·L^-1.葡萄糖浓度仅15g·L^-1时,对生物量具有显著促进作用,而乙酸钠浓度2.5～15g·L^-1时,对生物量均具有显著促进作用.葡萄糖对藻细胞内总脂百分含量的促进作用浓度范围是1.0～50g·L^-1,而乙酸钠仅在1.0～15g·L^-1时,表现出显著促进作用.葡萄糖浓度为15g·L^-1时,其生物量、总脂百分含量分别比对照增加了30%、30%.乙酸钠浓度为7.5g·L^-1时,其生物量、总脂百分含量分别比对照增加了30%、30%.添加适量的葡萄糖和乙酸钠能够显著促进湛江等鞭金藻生物量及胞内总脂百分含量,葡萄糖和乙酸钠的最适浓度分别是15g·L^-1和7.5g·L^-1.湛江等鞭金藻利用葡萄糖和乙酸钠进行兼养生长的能力是有限的.     

铝胁迫对柳杉组培苗生长及生理特性的影响

用添加了不同浓度的Al Cl3的培养基培养柳杉组培苗,研究铝胁迫对柳杉生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,0.5¹.0 mmol·L^-1 AlCl₃处理能显著提高柳杉组培苗的根长、株高及生物量,叶中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）等抗氧化酶活性以及可溶性蛋白含量升高;当铝浓度处理为1.5 mmol·L^-1时,柳杉的生长受到一定程度抑制,但叶片内抗氧化酶活性以及可溶蛋白含量等指标仍高于对照,说明此浓度对柳杉有轻微的胁迫但柳杉能通过自身抗逆境能力缓解伤害;而在铝浓度达到2.0 mmol·L^-1时,柳杉生长受到严重抑制,叶片内丙二醛（MDA）含量显著上升。由此推测,低浓度铝(<1.0 mmol·L^-1)对该柳杉组培苗生长有一定的促进作用,1.5 mmol·L^-1 AlCl₃浓度会影响该柳杉组培苗的正常生长,其耐铝阈值应在1.5².0 mmol·L^-1之间。     

高耐砷真菌的分离及其耐砷能力

从湖南石门县及郴州市重金属矿周边地区采集的6个砷污染土壤样品中,初步分离得到13株具有较强耐砷能力的真菌菌株,其中3株真菌的耐砷能力最强,经形态与分子鉴定分别为微紫青霉(Penicillin janthinellum)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum).培养试验表明：微紫青霉、尖孢镰刀菌和棘孢木霉分别在30000 mg·L^-1、30000 mg·L^-1和20000 mg·L^-1的砷胁迫平板中表现出很好的菌落生长状况;在砷浓度分别为0～50、0～50和0～80 mg·L^-1的液态培养基中培养2 d后,尖孢镰刀菌、棘孢木霉和微紫青霉的生物量均随砷浓度增加而增加,且在相应最高浓度(50、50、80 mg·L^-1)下的生物量显著高于不加砷的对照.此外,高浓度砷对该3株真菌的产孢能力没有影响.     

光强和氮源及其浓度对缺刻缘绿藻生长、油脂和花生四烯酸积累的影响

对缺刻缘绿藻（Parietochloris incisa（Reisigl） S.Watanabe）在不同光强和氮源及其浓度条件下的生长状况及油脂和花生四烯酸（AA）的积累规律进行了研究。结果显示,缺刻缘绿藻在3种氮源条件下均能较好地生长。在高氮浓度条件下,增大光强能显著提高缺刻缘绿藻的生物量并促进油脂和AA的积累。缺刻缘绿藻在300 μmol·m^-2·s^-1光强、8.8 mmol·L^-1NaNO₃条件下生物量达到最大（4.17 g·L^-1）。油脂含量在100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1光强、1.0 mmol·L^-1氮浓度下达到最高,分别为41.17%（NaNO₃）、42.04%（NH₄HCO₃）和39.96%（CO（NH₂）₂）。AA绝对含量在300 μmol·m^-2·s^-1光强、2.9 mmol·L^-1 NaNO₃条件下达到最高,占细胞干重的16.44%。油脂和AA产率,在300 μmol·m^-2·s^-1光强、以NaNO₃为氮源的条件下达到最大,分别为134.6 mg·L^-1·d^-1（1.0 mmol·L^-1）和35.85 mg·L^-1·d^-1（2.9 mmol·L^-1）。综合考虑成本等因素,选择NH₄HCO₃（5.9 mmol·L^-1）和CO（NH₂）₂（2.9 mmol·L^-1）为氮源、在300 μmol·m^-2·s^-1高光强下培养缺刻缘绿藻进行AA的生产为最优方案。     

三孢布拉霉JM9207合成油脂的研究

STUDIESONSYNTllliSISOFLIPIDS！NBLAKESEAIRliyl,nnxJIANGWen－HouSHANZhi-PingMENGYu（JangsuInstituteofMicrobiology．Wuxi214063）用三抱布拉霉发酵生产卜胡萝卜素需要在培养基中加入植物油,它能显著提高胡萝卜素产量,该菌在吸收利用植物油脂合成胡萝卜素过程中也在细胞内积累丰富的油脂。本文研究了该菌的油脂合成,结果表明,三抱布拉霉菌有较强的吸收同化培养基中添加的植物油并合成菌体自身油脂的能力。菌体油脂脂肪酸组分中C;。和C;。酸含量占绝大多数,其中亚油酸和油酸占62～84％。菌体油脂脂肪酸…     

八种因素对头孢霉菌丝脂肪酸不饱和指数的影响

为了探讨环境胁迫和真菌脂肪酸不饱和度的关系 ,用合成培养基探讨 8种单一因子对头孢霉(Cephalosporiumsp .)菌丝体脂肪酸不饱和指数的影响。结果表明 ,低起始 pH值 (4 .0～ 5 .0 ) ,低培养温度 (10～ 15℃ ) ,有利于获得高不饱和指数 ;随着三角瓶装液量的增加 ,脂肪酸不饱和指数逐步降低 ;接种量对脂肪酸不饱和指数影响不大 ;葡萄糖或蔗糖作为碳源 ,NH4 Cl或 (NH4 ) 2 SO4 作为氮源 ,低碳源浓度 (10～ 2 0g/L)有利于获得高不饱和指数 ;随着培养时间增加 ,脂肪酸不饱和指数逐步增加 ,至 10d时脂肪酸不饱和指数可达最高 ,为 170 .38     

三唑酮对黄瓜幼苗生长及抗寒性的影响

研究了不同浓度三唑酮浸种对黄瓜幼苗生物量及抗寒性的影响。结果表明,20～100μmol·L^-1三唑酮能显著抑制黄瓜幼苗的株高、根长,增加了根重、根冠比和叶绿素含量,30d幼苗经过3d低温胁迫后,10～50μmol·L^-1三唑酮处理能保持较高的叶绿素含量,有效地降低质膜相对透性,维持较高的SOD活性,50μmol·L^-1三唑酮处理明显减缓低温胁迫过程中MDA的累积。另外,50μmol·L^-1三唑酮处理在低温胁迫第1d促进脯氨酸的累积,在第3d脯氨酸反而低于对照。但高浓度(>100μmol·L^-1)三唑酮不利于幼苗抵御低温伤害,总的来看,三唑酮增强了黄瓜幼苗的耐寒性。     

内生真菌枝孢属Cladosporium sp.对丹参生长和丹酚酸含量的影响

本文介绍从药用植物丹参内生真菌中筛选新获得的一株对丹参生长和丹酚酸含量具有显著促进作用的菌株,Cladosporium sp. SM58。运用菌根生物技术,于离体、盆栽和田栽条件下,分别将丹参组培苗或幼苗接种SM58固体菌种后,观察测定菌株SM58对丹参组培苗生长的影响,以及丹参幼苗接菌培植6个月后菌株SM58对丹参丹酚酸有效成分含量和生物量的影响;同时进行显微观察,对菌株SM58侵入田栽丹参根组织的状况进行分析。结果表明,SM58菌株不仅对丹参组培苗的株高、根长和生物量均有显著促生长作用（P<0.01）,而且对盆栽和田栽丹参的丹酚酸有效成分含量和根干重的提高也均有显著效果（P<0.01）。与对照相比较,接菌组田栽丹参的根干重、总酚酸含量、丹酚酸A的含量分别提高68%、47%、11%。显微观察显示SM58菌丝主要通过侵染丹参的根表皮细胞和皮层细胞而对丹参产生影响。本研究表明,SM58菌株能对丹参品质和产量产生有益影响,是一株具有很好研究价值和开发应用的活性菌。     

Characteristics of a lipolytic and fatty acid-requiring Butyrivibrio sp. isolated from the ovine rumen.

A naturally occurring fatty acid-requiring Butyrivibrio sp. (strain S2), isolated from the ovine rumen, deacylates plant galactolipids, phospholipids and sulpholipids to obtain sufficient fatty acid for growth. Growth in vitro was promoted by adding to the growth medium a single straight-chain saturated fatty acid (C13 to C18) or vaccenic acid. Palmitoleic and oleic acids also supported growth but gave lengthy lag phases probably due to their toxicity. Linolenic and linoleic acids supported good growth but they were completely hydrogenated to trans-11-octadecenoic acid which was incorporated into the bacterial complex lipids. No chain elongation, chain shortening or desaturation of the added fatty acids occurred and all were substantially incorporated into bacterial lipids of the plasmalogen type, partially as a new type of hydrophobic grouping derived from two molecules of fatty acid. The absence of fatty acid unsaturation poses the question of the maintenance of membrane fluidity within this bacterium.     

Lipid fatty acid composition of fungi in the genus Aspergillus grown on media with various sources of nitrogen

The fatty acid composition of lipids synthesized by fungi belonging to the Aspergillus genus was studied during their growth on media containing different organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. On the average, the cultures were shown to accumulate from 7 to 30 g/L of biomass and to synthesize from 3 to 13% of lipids. The lipids were found to contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with the number of carbon atoms from 14 to 18. The fungi had a typical fatty acid composition of lipids which did not depend on the composition of the growth medium.     

微生物共同作用下的铁皮石斛组培苗生长效应研究

植物体和植物根际均是复杂的微生态系统,其内栖息着关系复杂的共生微生物,共同影响植物的生长发育.为探讨混合接种真菌与细菌对兰科植物生长的影响,筛选出真菌与细菌的优势促生组合,本研究选取经分离、筛选获得的4株促生内生真菌(铁皮石斛内生真菌C22、C35,美花石斛内生真菌L12、L28)和3株促生内生细菌(铁皮石斛菌内生细菌TX-7、TX-16、TX-19),以"真菌+细菌"的方式混合接种于铁皮石斛无菌组培苗中,共培养120 d.结果获得了3组优势组合:C22+TX-19、L28+TX-16和L28+TX-19,它们对铁皮石斛组培苗的生长均表现出正效应,其中C22+TX-19和L28+TX-19对促进组培苗生物量的增长具有协同效应,L28+TX-19对提高组培苗的根分枝率具有协同效应,3个组合对增加组培苗的分蘖数和根尖数均表现为累加效应.研究结果表明,内生真菌与内生细菌的共同作用可显著促进铁皮石斛的生长,混合接种有可能更大地发挥微生物的效能.     

芦竹内生真菌F0238对植物病原菌的拮抗作用

从黄海海岸低盐药用植物芦竹(Arundo donax L．)中分离得到木霉属的内生真菌F0238,对其进行拮抗植物病原菌活性及作用机制的试验研究。结果表明F0238发酵液对Botrytis cinerea,Sclerotium rolfsii等8种植物病原菌有强的抑菌活性及抑制孢子萌发作用,且这种作用在发酵原液被稀释了160倍后仍然存在;对峙培养试验表明F0238菌对植物病原菌有很强的拮抗作用,拮抗机制主要为重寄生作用、营养竞争作用及抗生作用等。     

Comparative lipid profiling of two endophytic fungal isolates--Colletotrichum sp. and Alternaria sp. having potential utilities as biodiesel feedstock

Lipid accumulation abilities of two endophytic fungal isolates - Colletotrichum sp. and Alternaria sp. grown under optimum and nutrient-stress conditions were investigated and compared. Significant variations in lipid contents, ranging from 30% to 58% of their dry biomass were found in liquid culture using various carbon sources. Since, >50% of the total lipid was estimated to be neutral lipid for both the fungal species, predicted biodiesel properties were theoretically calculated based upon the determined fatty acid profiles; and the values were found to be comparable to those of commonly used plant oils for biodiesel production. The two endophytes grew successfully on the combined rice straw and wheat bran as substrate that was degraded by their secretory enzymes including cellulase [1.21-2.51 FPU/g dry substrate (gds)] in solid state fermentation and produced substantial amount of lipid (60.32-84.30 mg/gds). Our study highlights the potential utilities of these two novel endophytic fungi as biodiesel feedstock.     

Effects of temperature and sodium chloride concentration on the phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of a halotolerant Planococcus sp.

The phospholipid headgroup composition and fatty acid composition of a gram-positive halotolerant Planococcus sp. (strain A4a) were examined as a function of growth temperature (5 to 35 degrees C) and NaCl content (0 to 1.5 M) of the growth medium. When the growth temperature was decreased, the relative amount of mono-unsaturated branched-chain fatty acids increased. When Planococcus sp. strain A4a was grown in media containing high NaCl concentrations, the relative amount of the major fatty acid, Ca15:0, increased. The relative amount of anionic phospholipid also increased when the NaCl concentration of the growth medium was increased. The increase in anionic phospholipid content resulted from a decrease in the relative mole percent content of phosphatidylethanolamine and an increase in the relative mole percent content of cardiolipin.     

NaCl胁迫下AM真菌对棉花生长和叶片保护酶系统的影响

利用盆栽实验研究了 Na Cl胁迫条件下 AM真菌对棉花生长和叶片保护酶系统的影响。结果表明 :在土壤中加入 0、0 .1%、0 .2 %、0 .3%浓度 Na Cl条件下 ,Na Cl胁迫对 AM真菌的接种效果有显著影响。接种 AM真菌提高了棉花根系菌根侵染率 ,增加了棉株的生物产量 ,以 0～ 0 .2 % Na Cl浓度时 AM真菌接种效果最好。 AM真菌对棉株生理参数和保护酶活性的影响因生育期和 Na Cl浓度不同而异 ,现蕾期和低盐浓度 (0～ 0 .1% )下叶片叶绿素含量明显增加 ;中高盐水平 (0 .2 %～ 0 .3% )和生育后期叶片可溶性蛋白质含量和 SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶活性显著提高 ,MDA含量明显降低 ;棉株 K、Ca、Mg含量因植株部位和盐浓度不同而变化。 AM真菌增强宿主植物的耐盐性可能源于促进宿主根系对土壤矿质元素吸收的直接作用和改善植物体内离子平衡和生理代谢活动、提高保护酶活性的间接作用     

The effect of copper on the growth of wood-rotting fungi and a blue-stain fungus

The effect of copper (II) ions on the growth of three brown-rot fungi, six white-rot fungi and one blue-stain fungus in solid medium was evaluated. The fungi were grown in malt extract agar with different concentrations of copper added, and the radial growth rate was determined. At the end of the incubation period, the mycelial biomass and the media pH were determined. The white-rot and blue-stain fungus grew up to 3 mM and 6 mM copper, respectively and the brown-rot fungi were the only ones that grew up to 10 mM, with higher growth rates than those shown by the other fungi. In general, the brown-rot fungi produced greater acidification in the culture media than the white-rot fungi and blue-stain fungus, and the acidification increased when the amount of copper was increased. The biomass production for the different species, in the absence or presence of copper, was not related to the radial growth rate, and the fungal species that produced the greatest biomass amounts did not correspond to those that presented the highest growth rates. The brown-rot fungi Wolfiporia cocos and Laetiporus sulfureus and blue-stain fungus Ophiostoma sp. demonstrated greater tolerance to high copper concentrations in solid medium than the white-rot fungi, determined as radial growth rate. On the other hand, the highest biomass producers in solid medium with copper added were the white-rot fungi Ganoderma australe and Trametes versicolor and the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum.