乙型肝炎病毒X基因真核表达载体的构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）X蛋白,为探讨HBVX蛋白与慢性乙型肝炎及肝细胞癌发生的关系奠定基础。方法：用PCR方法扩增X基因序列,并分别在上下游引入XhoⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点,插入pPICZαA载体,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,筛选阳性克隆,对其进行PCR和双酶切及测序鉴定,构建HBVX蛋白毕赤酵母表达质粒pPICZαA-HBx;电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,对阳性克隆进行诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定目的蛋白。结果：双酶切pPICZαA-HBx后,琼脂糖电泳可分别见到大小约为3.1kb和465bp的片段,表明目的片段已插入载体中,序列测定表明其含有完整的X基因片段,Western blotting结果显示含有pPICZαA-HBx的毕赤酵母GS115能分泌表达X蛋白。结论：构建了毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA-HBx,并能在毕赤酵母GS115中分泌表达X蛋白。     

通用型转铁蛋白融合表达载体的构建及应用价值

构建通用型转铁蛋白融合表达载体,利用PCR方法扩增编码人转铁蛋白N端半分子的基因片段,通过酶切、连接、转化等分子克隆方法构建通用型转铁蛋白融合表达载体。PCR扩增了一个长约1.1 kb的包含ScaI酶切位点的基因片段,插入pPICZα的PmlI和XbaI酶切位点,转化后进行菌液PCR鉴定,成功获得重组子pPICZα-TfN,测序结果表明载体构建成功,重组质粒pPICZα-TfN能被ScaI酶切。本研究成功构建通用型转铁蛋白融合表达载体,构建的载体可以用于转铁蛋白融合表达载体的构建。     

人防御素6基因的克隆、亚克隆及在酵母中的分泌表达

探讨人防御素6(HD-6)在毕赤酵母中表达的可行性,为进一步研究HD6的功能提供理论依据和实验基础。采用PCR方法,设计引物从cDNA文库中扩增出人α防御素6基因片段,并将其插入到克隆载体pMD-18T中,再与毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA重组,以得到重组的HD-6酵母表达载体pPICZαA/HD-6,并进行琼脂糖电泳和测序鉴定。再将构建好的毕赤酵母重组表达质粒pPICZαA/HD-6经SacⅠ线性化后,应用LiCl法转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115感受态中,Zeocin平板筛选,PCR鉴定转化子。经摇瓶发酵和甲醇诱导,SDSPAGE分析重组HD-6的表达。从cDNA文库中扩增出的HD-6基因片断大小正确;电泳和测序结果均证明已将此片段克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZαA内;线性化的重组质粒pPICZαA/HD-6成功转化进入毕赤酵母感受态中,PCR鉴定结果与预期相符;蛋白电泳证实重组HD-6在酵母中获得分泌表达。提示重组HD-6可以在毕赤酵母中实现分泌表达。     

EB病毒包膜糖蛋白gp85真核表达载体的构建

用基因工程技术克隆EB病毒中抗原性较强的膜蛋白gp85的编码基因BXLF2,构建真核表达载体。以EB病毒B95—8细胞培养上清为模板,PCR扩增出BXLF2基因。PCR产物经SnaBⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切后克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,用双酶切和DNA测序鉴定重组质粒。重组质粒双酶切的片段大小与预期符合,重组克隆外源基因的测序结果与献报道一致。结果表明,EB病毒gp85的编码基因BXLF2被成功地克隆入真核表达载体pPIC9K,为下一步在毕赤酵母中表达EB病毒gp85蛋白建立了基础。     

PTD-NPY融合基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

应用重叠延伸PCR方法扩增HIV-1 TAT蛋白转导结构域(PTD)与鼠源神经肽Y(NPY)的融合基因,克隆目的片段并插入酵母表达载体pPICZαA,构建成重组表达质粒pPICZα-PTD-NPY.PCR和酶切鉴定及测序正确后,经限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ线性化重组表达质粒并通过电转化整合到巴斯德毕赤酵母菌GS115的染色体基因组中.阳性重组酵母菌用含1%甲醇的培养基诱导其分泌表达.经过120 h的诱导,取上清浓缩除盐后进行SDS-PAGE电泳,表明该系统成功表达了PTD-NPY融合蛋白,Western blotting实验证实表达产物具有特异性.获得真核表达的PTD-NPY融合蛋白,为下一步的应用研究提供了物质基础.     

可直接克隆PCR产物的克隆载体的构建

本文描述一种构建与PCR产物直接连接的克隆载体的方法。以高拷贝克隆载体pUC118为骨架载体,在pUC118质粒氨苄抗性基因的Eam1105 I 酶切位点上,以点突变的方式封闭Eam1105 I 酶切位点。经转化大肠杆菌JM109证实,该改造过的pUC118质粒,可使宿主细胞仍具有氨苄抗性。将一人工合成的具有两个Eam1105 I 酶切位点的互补寡聚核苷酸链（两端具有BamH I 接头）插入已封闭Eam1105 I 酶切位点的pUC118*载体的BamH I 位点,构成新的克隆载体,此质粒命名为pUC118E。该载体经Eam1105 I 酶切后,可产生3′末端突出一个T碱基的T-载体,能与PCR产物直接连接。 Abstract:A new method for construction of a cloning vector (T-vector) for direct ligation with PCR products was described.The T-vector derived from pUC118 in which the unique restriction site of Eam1105 I in the region of Ampr gene was deleted and an artificial DNA fragment flanking two Eam1105 I was introduced at the site of BamHI.The modified vector was named as pUC118E.A T-vector with 3′over hang end of a single T can be obtained via digesting of pUC118E with Eam1105I.PCR products can be easily cloned with this T-vector.     

酵母表面展示T载体构建及目的蛋白的表面展示

构建一种能对PCR产物进行直接克隆并展示于酵母表面的新型T载体。根据酵母表面展示载体p YD1多克隆位点序列设计出利用两端带有XcmⅠ内切酶酶切位点的含有黄色荧光蛋白基因的XcmⅠ酶切盒,通过NheⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点插入到p YD1载体上形成质粒p YD-YFP,并对其进行酶切鉴定和DNA测序分析,再经XcmⅠ酶切后形成两端带有d T的表面展示T载体。利用PCR扩增两个含有荧光蛋白的融合蛋白PCAD-CFP和PSR-Ds Red的基因并直接克隆到所构建的T载体中,检测其表达功能。酶切鉴定和DNA测序结果显示PCAD-CFP和PSR-Ds Red正确插入载体上,分别转化至酿酒酵母EBY100中,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察到相应的荧光的酵母,表明克隆有融合蛋白基因片段的载体成功在酵母细胞中进行表面展示,证明了所构建的酵母表面展示T载体具有直接克隆和表面展示目的蛋白的功能。     

香蕉凝集素BanLec基因转化毕赤酵母及转化子的鉴定

以pMD-BanLec质粒为模板扩增BanLec基因片段,该片段经EcoR I/XbaI双酶切后定向克隆到同样经EcoRI/XbaI双酶切的pPICZα表达载体上。将连接产物转化感受态DH5α,用低盐Zeocin抗性LB固体培养基筛选阳性克隆菌落。将重组质粒电转化毕赤酵母菌GS115后,通过PCR鉴定目的基因整合入酵母菌的基因组中,将有助于进一步研究BanLec蛋白的表达,为探讨香蕉凝集素的活性及生化功能等奠定基础。     

猪生长激素基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及产物的N-糖基化分析

利用含有强启动子P_AOX1 和α-MF信号肽序列的巴斯德毕赤酵母载体质粒pPICZαA构建出含PST基因的重组质粒pPICZαA pST。通过电击将经SacⅠ酶切后线性化的pPICZαA pST质粒转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母X 33菌中 ,并筛选Mut+ 表型的重组菌。表达产物的SDS PAGE和Westernblot结果表明 ,分泌于胞外的PST蛋白分子量比天然PST分子量稍大 ,而胞内的PST蛋白分子量与天然PST大小相同。将经SacⅠ酶切后线性化的pPICZαA pST再次转化重组酵母细胞X 33 pPICZαA pST(Mut⁺) ,所得表达产物的SDS PAGE和Westernblot结果显示 ,PST基因的表达水平明显提高 ,且表达产生的蛋白均可发生正确的抗原 抗体结合反应 ,表达量达 95 6mg L。将发酵液上清进行N 糖基化分析 ,显示rPST无N 糖基化加工修饰     

苦瓜MAP30基因的毕赤酵母表达载体构建及重组菌株的筛选

目的:从苦瓜中克隆MAP30全长基因,并将该基因连接至表达载体pPIC9中,建立酵母菌落PCR筛选方法。方法采用改良SDS法从苦瓜表皮中提取基因组DNA,设计特异性的引物,通过PCR技术扩增出全长861bp的MAP30基因。该基因经XhoⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切,连接至毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9中。重组载体转化GS115菌株,运用菌落PCR鉴定重组菌株。结果:基因测序表明,该基因已成功插入酵母表达载体pPIC9α-factor分泌信号下游,同源性分析表明该基因与GeneBank(AF284811)的核苷酸同源性达99.9%,氨基酸同源性达100%。菌落PCR显示外源基因已整合入酵母GS115菌株中。结论:成功地克隆了MAP30全长基因,并构建了含MAP30基因的重组毕赤酵母表达载体,并获得了整合菌株,为下一步研究奠定了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.