RT-PCR法同时测定APP与tau mRNA的含量(英文)

β—淀粉样蛋白前体(APP)与tau蛋白是两种与Alzheimer病的病理改变相关的蛋白质,近来也发现它们或其修饰产物在包含体肌炎及慢性氯喹中毒的肌细胞中沉积。为更好地研究这两种相关蛋白质在肌细胞中的表达,我们建立了用逆转录-多聚酶链反应同时定量这两种基因转录产物的方法。本法选用甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(G_3PD)作为内标,用激光图像分析测定扩增产物。结果显示,PCR在很宽的范围内呈指数扩增,两种靶mRNA与内标mRNA扩增效率相当,因而可以G_3PD来校正APP与tau的测定结果。初步实验显示氯喹中毒首先促进肌肉细胞中APP与tau蛋白的表达,在第4周达到高峰,然后表达逐渐减少,在第10周转为明显抑制作用。     

载脂蛋白E与阿尔茨海默病的关系

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是最常见的一种老年性痴呆症,临床上以进行性记忆丧失和认知功能障碍为特征。流行病学资料表明,载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)的基因多态性与AD密切相关。ApoE不但影响了AD的发生年龄与危险性,还与AD特征性病理改变神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangle,NFT)和老年斑(senile plaque,SP)共定位。研究发现,ApoE可促进β-淀粉样肽(β—amyloid peptide,Aβ)的沉积和SP的形成,C末端切除的ApoE片段则促使Tau蛋白的过度磷酸化及NFT的形成,并进一步引起神经变性和行为缺陷。同时,ApoE还与炎症因子的表达相关。上述证据均提示了ApoE及其基因多态性在AD发病机制中的重要作用。     

肝组织中NF-κB、TGF-β1及其Ⅰ型受体mRNA和HSC在肝纤维化中的改变及护肝片对其的影响

目的探讨中、晚期纤维化大鼠肝组织中肝星状细胞(HSC)的活化与增殖、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及其Ⅰ型受体(TβRⅠ)表达的改变及护肝片对其的影响。方法采用12.5%CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型,自造模之日起,大鼠分组灌胃给药(护肝片921mg/kg)或溶媒,每日一次,直至8或13周末,分别处死动物,取左叶肝组织石蜡包埋,制作组织芯片。免疫组化S-P法检测大鼠肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(-αSMA)和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达,原位杂交检测TGF-β1及TβRⅠmRNA的表达;并用MetaMorph图像分析系统计数-αSMA阳性细胞数,对NF-κB p65蛋白、TGF-β1及TβRⅠmRNA的表达量进行定量分析。结果 1.模型复制8周和13周,模型组的肝损伤及其纤维化分级均明显高于正常组(P<0.01),护肝片组的肝损伤及其纤维化分级均轻于模型组。2.模型复制8周和13周,模型组活化的HSC(即-αSMA阳性细胞)数量较正常组明显增多,NF-κB p65蛋白、TGF-β1及TβRⅠmRNA的表达均较正常组明显增强(P<0.01);3.护肝片显著抑制8、13周纤维化肝组织HSC的活化与增殖和NF-κB p65蛋白、TGF-β1及TβRⅠmRNA的表达(P<0.01)。结论抑制HSC的活化与增殖和NF-κB p65蛋白与TGF-β1及TβRⅠmRNA的表达可能是护肝片抗肝纤维化作用的靶点之一。     

甘草甜素对肾脏转化生长因子β1作用的实验研究

目的:探讨甘草甜素对肾小球硬化模型中转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)作用.方法:采用尾静脉注射阿霉素方法建立大鼠肾小球硬化模型.实验随机分为模型组、治疗组和对照组.检测各组第4和8周各项指标的变化.包括①24h尿蛋白定量,血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、胆固醇(Cho)和白蛋白(Alb).②各组肾皮质进行光镜等病理学检测.③应用免疫组织化学方法检测肾组织内转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)蛋白质的表达.④采用标准曲线法进行荧光定量PCR检测肾组织内TGFβ1 mRNA的表达.结果:①治疗组与模型组相比较,24h尿蛋白定量、BUN、Scr、Cho和Alb均有不同程度改善(p<0.05).②肾皮质病理学改变肾小球硬化程度治疗组明显轻于模型组.③肾组织内TGFβ1蛋白和mRNA表达治疗组与模型组比较表达峰值均有不同程度降低(p<0.05).结论:从蛋白和mRNA水平同时证实甘草甜素对TGFβ1蛋白和mRNA的表达有明显的抑制作用,对大鼠肾小球硬化有早期保护作用,为临床应用提供了依据.     

大鼠肝纤维化组织中TGF-β1的研究

目的 观察转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)在大鼠肝纤维化组织中的动态表达,探讨TGF-β1在肝纤维化中的意义.方法 采用腹腔内注射二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)构建大鼠肝纤维化模型,造模后4天、1周、2周、4周、6周、8周分别检测血清ALT、AST、ALB的变化,同时取肝组织用半定量RT-PCR方法检测TGF-β1 mRNA的表达.采用HE染色及Masson三色染色,光学显微镜下观察肝组织损伤情况.采用单因素方差分析进行多组均数间的比较.结果 肝纤维化模型组血清ALT、AST明显升高,ALB明显下降.TGF-β1 mRNA在对照组大鼠和肝纤维化模型组大鼠肝组织中均有表达.与对照组相比,肝纤维化模型组4天～1周时,TGF-β1 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).2～4周较对照组显著升高(P均＜0.05),4周时达高峰.6～8周较4周时显著下降(P均＜0.05),但仍显著高于对照组(P均＜0.05).8周较6周时下降,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).TGF-β1 mRNA表达与肝纤维化病程呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 TGF-β1 mRNA在正常SD大鼠肝脏中有表达,在肝纤维化大鼠肝组织中表达增加,与大鼠肝脏病理分期正相关.     

大鼠血管组织血管紧张素原基因表达的实时PCR定量分析

目的:探讨大鼠血管组织血管紧张素原(angiotensinogen,AGT)低丰度mRNA表达的实时PCR定量分析方法,并将其用于检测模拟失重大鼠基底和股动脉血管组织AGT mRNA的表达.方法:提取8周模拟失重(SUS)与对照组(CON)大鼠血管组织的总RNA,进行反转录后,对目的基因AGT与内参照基因GAPDH的mRNA进行实时PCR分析.应用TaqMan-MGB探针,测出上述mRNA实时PCR反应的放大效率(E)及阈循环数Ct,再依据一定数学模型由E与Ct得出经GAPDH归一化的AGT mRNA表达变化.结果:与CON相比,SUS大鼠基底动脉组织AGT mRNA表达增加240%,而股动脉组织则降低66%.结论:本工作为定量检测大鼠血管组织低丰度mRNA表达提示了一种特异、灵敏、精确、重复性好的简便方法.     

转化生长因子β1和Snaill参与糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变

本文旨在观察转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和锌指转录因子Snaill在糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)大鼠.肾组织中的表达,并初步探讨它们与肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变的关系.链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱发大鼠DM,按病程分为2、4、8、12、16、20、24周、16周胰岛素治疗(16wA)、20周胰岛素治疗(20wA)和24周胰岛索治疗(24wA)组(n=6).其中胰岛素治疗组动物从第13周起用胰岛素控制血糖至正常水平,每一时点均设鼠龄匹配的正常对照组.测定各组血糖、24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、肾脏指数.PAS染色光镜观察肾脏病理学改变.免疫组织化学检测肾脏SnMll、TGF-β1、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、E-钙黏素和纤连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的表达;Western blot检测肾皮质SnailI、TGF-β1和E-钙黏素蛋白表达.RT-PeR检测肾皮质Snaill和E-钙黏素mRNA表达.结果显示:(1)DM各组大鼠的血糖、24 h尿蛋白、Scr、肾脏指数均较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),胰岛素治疗组大鼠上述指标均较DM组显著降低(P<0.01).(2)TGF-β1和Snmll免疫组织化学阳性染色见于DM各组大鼠肾小管,正常对照组未见阳性表达,胰岛素治疗组大鼠弱阳性表达,并随治疗时间延长而减少.从16周开始在DM大鼠肾小管上皮细胞可见α-SMA蛋白阳性表达,胰岛素治疗组大鼠未见α-SMA蛋白表达;DM组大鼠E-钙黏素蛋白阳性染色明显少于正常对照组.(3)DM组大鼠肾皮质TGF-β和Snaill蛋白以及Snaill mRNA表达较正常对照组显著增高(P<0.01),胰岛素治疗组大鼠则显著低于DM组(P<0.01);DM组E.钙黏素mRNA和蛋白表达与TGF-β1和Snaill呈相反变化.结果提示,TGF-βl和Snaill可能参与DM大鼠肾小管上皮细胞向问充质细胞转变,胰岛素治疗可抑制两者表达并阻断肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变.     

RT—PCR法同时测定APP与tau mRNA的含量

β－淀粉样蛋白前体（ＡＰＰ）与ｔａｕ蛋白是两种与Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病的病理改变相关的蛋白质,近年来也发现它们或其修饰产物在包含体肌炎及慢性氯喹中毒的肌细胞中沉积。为更好地研究这两种相关蛋白质在肌细胞中的表达,我们建立了用逆转录－多聚酶链反应同时定量这两种相关蛋白质在肌细胞中的表达,我们建立了用逆转录－多聚酶链反应同时定量这两种基因转录产物的方法。本法选用甘油醛－３－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ３ＰＤ）作为内标,     

天然牛磺酸对肝硬化大鼠MMP-9、Integrin-β1表达的调控

天然牛磺酸广泛存在于海洋生物中,研究发现具有一定抗纤维化作用,基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)、整合素β1(Integrin-β1)与肝纤维化密切相关,实验中通过给予肝硬化大鼠不同剂量天然牛磺酸(0.3、0.6、1.2 g/kg·d),采用放射免疫法检测血清肝纤四项含量;实时荧光定量PCR检测大鼠肝组织MMP-9、Integrin-β1 mRNA表达,免疫蛋白印迹法(Western-blot)检测相应蛋白的表达。结果表明,肝硬化大鼠MMP-9、Integrin-β1 mRNA及蛋白表达显著升高,天然牛磺酸能显著减少模型大鼠血清肝纤四项水平,降低MMP-9、Integrin-β1 mRNA及相关蛋白表达,以0.6 g/kg·d剂量组效果最佳。天然牛磺酸下调肝硬化大鼠MMP-9和Integrin-β1的表达,与其发挥肝保护作用密切相关。     

天然牛磺酸对肝硬化大鼠MMP-9、Integrin-β1表达的调控北大核心CSCD

天然牛磺酸广泛存在于海洋生物中,研究发现具有一定抗纤维化作用,基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)、整合素β1(Integrin-β1)与肝纤维化密切相关,实验中通过给予肝硬化大鼠不同剂量天然牛磺酸(0.3、0.6、1.2 g/kg·d),采用放射免疫法检测血清肝纤四项含量;实时荧光定量PCR检测大鼠肝组织MMP-9、Integrin-β1 mRNA表达,免疫蛋白印迹法(Western-blot)检测相应蛋白的表达。结果表明,肝硬化大鼠MMP-9、Integrin-β1 mRNA及蛋白表达显著升高,天然牛磺酸能显著减少模型大鼠血清肝纤四项水平,降低MMP-9、Integrin-β1 mRNA及相关蛋白表达,以0.6 g/kg·d剂量组效果最佳。天然牛磺酸下调肝硬化大鼠MMP-9和Integrin-β1的表达,与其发挥肝保护作用密切相关。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).