禽流感病毒NP蛋白与T4噬菌体SOC蛋白的融合表达

利用PCR技术扩增禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)NP基因。将NP基因克隆至T4噬菌体表达质粒pSOC的SOC基因(T4噬菌体表面非结构蛋白基因)下游,构建成T4噬菌体SOC位点表达NP的表达载体pSOC-NP。将其转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后表达的目的蛋白SOC-NP进行SDS-PAGE与Western-blot方法检测。结果表明,表达的SOC-NP蛋白相对分子质量约58kD,表达量占菌体总蛋白量的20.34%,并具有与AIV特异性抗体反应的活性。     

利用T4噬菌体展示猪瘟病毒E2抗原

利用重组PCR技术将猪瘟病毒 (CSFV )E2蛋白主要抗原编码区基因 (mE2 )与T4噬菌体SOC基因融合 ,构建了大小为 643bp的SOC/mE2融合基因 ,再将其插入携带T4溶菌酶基因 (e)和(denV)基因的T4重组载体 (PRH) ,构建了重组载体pRsmE2。通过重组载体与缺失突变型T4发生同源重组 ,可将SOC/mE2融合基因整合入T4的基因组中 ,并成功地将大小约 2 1 5aaSOC/mE2融合蛋白展示于T4噬菌体衣壳表面。经Westernblot、胶体金免疫电镜等免疫学检测证实 ,展示于T4表面的mE2融合蛋白具有CSFV免疫学活性。     

番茄1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)合成酶基因的反义RNA-核酶嵌合DNA序列的构建

根据番茄ACC合成酶基因（LE—ACC2）DNA序列,以番茄(LycopersiconesculentumMill)果实的总DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增得到预期大小的该基因编码区内部分DNA序列,插入到质粒载体pGEM—3zf(＋)的BamHⅠ和HindⅢ位点之间后转化E．coliDH—5α,可选出重组子pRE,经酶切,PCR及DNA序列分析证明克隆成功;将pRE上的目的DNA序列以反义方式构建到我室已合成并克隆的含核酶DNA序列的重组质粒pRⅠ的BamHⅠ和HindⅢ之间,构成含有反义RNA-核酶嵌合DNA序列的重组质粒pREⅠ,经酶切及序列分析,结果与预期一致.     

表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组马立克氏病病毒的构建

将禽流感病毒M2基因克隆于真核表达质粒pIRES-EGFP中,使其位于pCMV启动子的调控下,并与绿色荧光蛋白基因（EGFP）串联后,将上述串联基因插入到含MDV CVI988的非必需区US基因的重组质粒pUS2中,构建带标记的重组质粒,然后将此重组质粒转染感染了MDV CVI988的鸡胚成纤维细胞,利用同源重组的方法,筛选了表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组病毒MDV1。经PCR、Dot-blotting,Western-blotting等实验的结果表明,禽流感病毒M2基因的确插入到MDV1（CVI988）基因组中并获得表达。重组MDV1免疫1日龄SPF鸡21天后,用ELISA可检测到M2蛋白的特异性抗体。接种了重组病毒rMDV的鸡体内针对H9N2疫苗血凝素的抗体滴度(p<0.05)明显提高,以禽流感病毒AIV A/Chicken/Guangdong/00（H9N2）攻毒后进行病毒重分离试验的结果发现,重组病毒能有效地降低病毒的排出量(p<0.01),说明该重组病毒可以用于防制禽流感的免疫。     

KCNJ11基因E23K基因多态对纽胞膜电流的影响

目的：KCNJ11基因E23K多态与心血管疾病、糖尿病等相关联,本实验通过研究人KCNJll基因外显子处E23K多态对细胞膜电流密度的影响,探讨其与相关疾病关联的机制。方法：普通PCR法扩增KCNJll基因外显子,重叠延伸PCR法使多态位点G—A突变,基因重组法将KCNJll基因外显子（分别含23E和23K等位基因）插入pcDNA3．1／Cr-GFP真核表达载体,脂质体转染法分别将重组质粒pcDNA3．1-KCNJll（E）和pcDNA3．1-KCNJll（K）转入HEK293T细胞。采用全细胞膜片钳技术,检测转染不同质粒的细胞膜电流密度。结果：PCR扩增获得长度为1173bp的KCNJll基因外显子,成功构建pcDNA3．1-KCNJ11（E）和pcDNA3．1-KCNJll（K）重组表达载体。全细胞膜片钳检测结果显示,两组转染不同质粒的HEK293T细胞表面均检测到正电流和负电流,细胞表面翻转电压均为50rTlV。两组细胞相比,转染pcDNA3．1-KCNJ11（E）质粒的细胞表面电流明显高于转染pcDNA3．1-KcNJ11（K）质粒的细胞（P〈0．05,n=10）。结论：KCNJll基因外显子E23K多态能导致细胞膜电流发生改变,为进一步研究多态位点与相关疾病的关联机制提供实验基础。     

T7启动子在哺乳类动物细胞中启动外源基因表达的研究

人低密度脂蛋白（LDL）受体基因cDNA和氯霉素已酞转移酶基因（CAT）及PolyA信号序列被克隆进pGEM4载体的T7噬茵体启动子下游,构建成质粒pT7LDLR和pT7CAT．两个重组质粒转化CHO细胞．PCR和CAT酶实验显示：两个基因被T7噬菌体启动子所启动．结果证实真核生物RNA聚合酶能够识别T7启动子,转录外源基因．常用的含有T7启动子的质粒可同时作为原核生物和真核生物的表达载体．     

海栖热袍菌胞外α-淀粉酶在E.coli中的高效表达

为解决密码子偏好性差异造成的表达水平低下问题,采取了3种手段提高海栖热袍菌胞外α-淀粉酶在E．coli中的表达水平。用PCR方法从海栖热袍菌（Thermotoga maritima）基因组DNA中扩增出胞外α-淀粉酶A的完整基因amyA,插入表达载体pET-20（b）中构建成质粒pET—amyA;运用基因工程手段将amyA基因富含稀有密码子的信号肽进行切除,将不含信号肽的amyAⅠ基因插入pET-20（b）中构建成质粒pET—amyAⅠ;用PCR法从大肠杆菌基因组中扩增出argU基因,插入pET—amyAⅠ中构建成质粒pET—amyAⅡ。将重组质粒分别转化到E．coli JM109（DE3）,并将重组质粒pET—amyAⅠ转化E．coli BL21-Codon Plus（DE3）-RIL。通过IPTG诱导测酶活性：在E．coli JM109（DE3）中表达的重组酶（pET—amyA）、（pET—amyAⅠ）、（pET—amyAⅡ）的酶活分别是1658．0U／mL、6721．7U／mL、8904．5U／mL,在E．coil BL21-CodonPlus （DE3）-RIL中表达的重组酶（pET—amyAⅠ）的酶活是13867．7U／mL。表明通过这些手段能大幅提高T.maritima胞外α-淀粉酶在E．coli中的表达水平。     

汉滩病毒截短S基因重组梭菌载体构建及表达

目的：构建含汉滩病毒截短核蛋白基因的重组质粒,并在口服疫苗载体产气荚膜梭菌中表达。方法：以质粒pGEX-4T-2/SA为模板,PCR扩增汉坦病毒截短核蛋白（SA）基因片断,克隆入穿梭载体pJRC200,构建重组质粒pJRC200-SA,转化E.coliDH5α,酶切鉴定。将pJRC200-SA电穿孔转化产气荚膜梭菌,厌氧培养,促芽孢形成诱导蛋白表达。超声裂解产气荚膜梭菌芽孢,对裂解产物进行SDS-PAGE、Western blotting鉴定。结果：酶切、测序表明,SA基因片段被正确插入pJRC200中,Western blotting分析显示SA蛋白成功表达,并能被肾综合征出血热患者阳性血清特异性识别。结论：汉坦病毒截短核蛋白重组克隆构建成功,并能在产气荚膜梭菌中成功表达,为口服疫苗研发奠定了基础。     

用基因疫苗制备H9亚型禽流感病毒单克隆抗体

用H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)HA基因反转录cDNA第一链PCR扩增其HA基因,PCR产物与pcDNA3.1( )质粒构建重组质粒作为基因疫苗免疫8周龄Balb/C小鼠,细胞融合后用血凝抑制试验(HI)和ELISA试验检测细胞培养上清,各获得一株阳性细胞株,经3次亚克隆后都能稳定分泌H9AIV特异性抗体。特异性检测与NDV、H5亚型AIV、产蛋下降综合症(EDS76)病毒毒株没有反应,2株单抗经亚型鉴定均为IgG2b,轻链的亚型为kappa链。所获得的单克隆抗体将在禽流感快速诊断和疾病预警监控中发挥重要作用。     

双歧杆菌质粒聚合酶基因表达系统的构建及其鉴定

目的构建可以在双歧杆菌表达外源性基因的系统。方法PCR扩增双歧杆菌质粒聚合酶基因（BPP）并连接至质粒pBS—T以形成重组质粒pBS—BPP。PCR扩增双歧杆菌内源性阿拉伯糖苷酶的启动子及分泌性信号肽DNA序列（ara）并连接至质粒pBAD—A以形成重组质粒pBAD—ara,然后将增强绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）基因连接至质粒pBAD—ara以形成重组质粒pBAD—ara—GFP。采用基因重组技术重组含有ara、BPP、eGFP基因序列并可将外源性基因分泌表达于菌体外及锚定表达于细胞壁的质粒pBS—BPP—ara—GFP,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察含有pBS—BPP—ara—GFP质粒及对照质粒的E．coli,验证eGFP定位表达情况。结果所构建的表达系统可以在E．coli中表达eGFP基因。结论通过基因重组方法成功构建了双歧杆菌表达系统,其可将外源基因分泌表达于菌体外。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.