石油生物脱硫菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens UP-3的固定化研究*

对能降解二苯并噻吩(DBT)的根癌土壤杆菌AgrobacteriumtumefaciensUP3菌株进行了固定化研究,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠(SA)混合物为包埋法固定化载体,固定化最佳操作条件为4℃交联,PVA和SA混合物总浓度7%,两者最佳浓度比为6,细胞浓度为0.05g/mL。当DBT加入量为2.7mmol/L时,UP-3的静息细胞最高脱硫率为13%,而固定化细胞的脱硫效率超过了60%;固定化细胞的最佳使用条件为降解5d,温度28℃～32℃。     

生物脱硫菌根癌土壤杆菌UP-3的固定化研究

生物脱硫催化剂固定化研究对生物脱硫技术的推广应用具有重要的意义。该文以筛选出的具有脱硫能力的根癌土壤杆菌UP-3为固定化研究对象,二苯并噻吩(DBT)为生物催化脱硫的模型化合物,主要考察了菌株UP-3的培养条件、固定化方法和载体、固定化操作条件和固定化细胞的使用条件。结果表明：以桑特斯培养基在30℃下培养28h的根癌土壤杆菌UP-3具有最佳活性。采用3wt％海藻酸钠水溶液为包埋载体,液菌比为20：1,在4℃下1wt％CaCl2水溶液中固定化24h,得到的固定化细胞脱硫性能最好。在30℃下,反应6d可将浓度为625mg／L的DBT降解60％以上。     

聚乙烯醇-明胶复合膜固定化重组大肠杆菌NAD激酶的研究

为提高烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)激酶的稳定性,采用复合膜对NAD激酶进行固定化研究。选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、海藻酸钠(SA)和明胶(GEL)膜材料固定化NAD激酶。通过单因素实验确定最佳固定化条件为:PVA∶GEL为4∶1,加酶量为0.6 mL,固定化时间为6h,固定化温度为35℃,此时酶活力回收率达到最高值84%。固定化酶酶学性质分析结果表明,与游离酶进行比较,固定化后NAD激酶的最适温度由50℃提高至55℃,最适pH由8.0降至7.0,NAD激酶的热稳定性和pH稳定性均得到显著提高,但固定化酶的亲和力降低。固定化NAD激酶重复利用6次后,酶活性依然可维持初始酶活性的75%以上,表明聚乙烯醇-明胶复合膜固定化酶具有良好的操作稳定性。     

桦褶孔菌漆酶固定化及其对染料的降解

采用壳聚糖交联法和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化桦褶孔菌产生的漆酶,探讨最佳固定化条件,固定化漆酶的温度,pH稳定性及操作稳定性,并以两种固定化酶分别对4种染料进行了降解.结果表明:(1)壳聚糖交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件为:壳聚糖2.5%,戊二醛7%,交联时间2h,固定化时间5h,给酶量1g壳聚糖小球:1mL酶液(1U/mL),固定化效率56%;(2)海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件为:海藻酸钠浓度4%,壳聚糖浓度0.7%,氯化钙浓度5%,戊二醛浓度0.6%,给酶量4mL 4%海藻酸钠:1mL酶液(1U/mL),固定化效率高达86%;(3)固定化的漆酶相比游离漆酶有更好的温度和pH稳定性;(4)比较两种固定化漆酶,海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋交联法固定化酶的温度及酸度稳定性要优于壳聚糖固定化酶,但可重复操作性要弱于后者,两者重复使用8次后的剩余酶活比率分别为71%及64%;(5)两种固定化酶对所选的4种不同结构的合成染料均有较好的降解效果,其中壳聚糖固定化酶对茜素红的降解效果及重复使用性极佳,重复降解40mg/L的茜素红10次,降解率仍保持在100%.     

固定化植物乳杆菌的制备及其发酵条件优化

采用海藻酸钠包埋植物乳杆菌并通过测定固定化细胞发酵清液的抑菌效果,优化得到的固定化最佳工艺条件为:海藻酸钠浓度为3%,CaCl2浓度为1.5%,菌悬液体积为3.5 mL(4.0×108 cfu/mL).固定化细胞重复发酵多批次效果良好.固定化细胞发酵条件优化结果表明:最适pH为7.0,最适温度为36℃,培养基中添加0....     

高效苯酚降解菌细胞固定化方法与条件的研究

含酚废水是一种难降解有机废水,对环境污染非常严重。目前常利用细菌处理含酚废水。但利用细菌处理含酚废水存在一些缺点,为此将1株高效苯酚降解菌进行细胞固定化。采用正交实验设计方法确定了该菌株固定化的最佳条件,并且考察了该固定化细胞降解苯酚的最佳条件。实验表明:该菌株的固定化细胞降解苯酚能力和耐受苯酚能力均大于游离细胞,经36 h可将1 800 mg/L苯酚降解完全。其降解苯酚的最适温度为30℃,最佳pH值为5~9。     

生物酶/γ-Al2O3小球催化氧化柴油脱硫性能研究

通过吸附法将生物酶负载在γ-Al₂O₃小球载体上,并对生物酶/γ-Al₂O₃及载体进行扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积分析(BET)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)及圆二色谱(CD)表征。结果表明:生物酶被吸附在载体上。将制备的生物酶/γ-Al₂O₃催化真实柴油氧化脱硫,考察了反应温度、反应流速和酶溶液浓度对真实柴油脱硫效果的影响,并对脱硫效果进行定性及定量分析;进一步对脱硫工艺条件进行响应面设计优化,找出最优反应条件。实验结果显示:反应温度49℃、反应流速1.0 mL/min、酶溶液浓度15.5%(酶载量为28.13 g),得出的最优脱硫率为93.16%;最后考察了该固定化酶的重复使用性能,该催化剂使用7次活性无明显降低,表明该固定化酶催化氧化柴油脱硫效果显著,具有潜在的工艺应用价值。     

聚乙烯亚胺/戊二醛交联法固定化重组酯酶大肠杆菌细胞

利用聚乙烯亚胺/戊二醛交联法对重组酯酶大肠杆菌E.coli BL21细胞进行固定化研究,并对交联工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:在大肠杆菌细胞质量浓度200 g/L、硅藻土质量浓度2 g/L、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)体积分数3%、交联时间1.5 h、戊二醛(GA)体积分数0.5%以及交联时间0.5 h时,固定化细胞的酯酶活力最高。固定化细胞的最适反应温度和pH分别为45℃和8.0,且温度稳定性和pH稳定性均高于游离细胞。当底物浓度为300mmol/L时,固定化细胞重复使用15批次后,其相对酶活仍能保留在80%以上。因此,该固定化细胞具有良好的操作稳定性。     

固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化有机硅酮不对称还原

研究了固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化三甲基硅乙酮不对称还原反应,系统探讨了振荡速度、底物浓度、固定化细胞浓度、pH值和反应温度对反应速度、产率和产物光学纯度的影响。结果表明,上述因素对固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化三甲基硅乙酮不对称还原反应均有较显著的影响。振荡速度以150r/min为宜,底物浓度和固定化细胞浓度分别为14mmol/L和0.15g/mL较佳,适宜的pH值为7.3,最佳反应温度为25℃～30℃。在该优化反应条件下,反应最大产率和产物的光学纯度分别高达84.9%和90.2%ee。     

红球菌DS—3脱除二苯并噻吩中有机硫的性能初探

从孤岛油田分离到一株红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.)DS—3,能专一地切断二苯并噻吩(DBT)中的C－S键,沿4S途径代谢,生成二羟联苯。实验证明,以2％的接种量脱除50μｇ／mL DBT底物中的硫效果最佳。在此条件下,适宜菌株生长和脱硫的碳源为葡萄糖,氯源为硝酸铵,初始PH为8．2,生长温度为30℃,15mmol/L的硫酸根离子能使其丧失脱硫能力。在上述适宜条件下,培养72h后DBT中34．04％的硫被脱除。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.